I THE MICHIGAN DAILY PAC, -. -- - -- ~ - * 0 - 0 (700 of worl . N a-a lliera ytR mai s roblem i /thofwods 700 min iiiterates are concntrated in Asia, Afrca and Latfin America, WORLD'S HIGHEST ILLITERACY RAsTES HAITI GHANA UNVED ARAB REP SUDAN IRAN AFGHANISTAN PAKISTAN. INDIA AP Newsfeutures i terae Remains ro eum Moscow Talks Indicate New East-West Fluidity WASHINGTON-East-West re- lations are approaching a new per- iod of fluidity, the Washington Post reported recently. There have been, several periods since World War II when both sides were attempting to deter- mine their relationship with the opposition. Now is such a time. The diplomatic indicators show Washington and Moscow are sim- ilar to two blind men groping for each other, uncertain whether they will reach each other's hand -or neck. Khrushchev Sticks Neck Out All the outward signs point to a change in East-West relations. Soviet Premier Nikita S. Khrush- chev deliberately made it appear that he was turning westward by attending the opening session of the nuclear test ban talks with the United States and Britain. At the same time, his subordinates were rebuffing tthe Chinese Communists in another Moscow meeting. While the current East-West talks concern a nuclear test ban, Kennedy administration strate- gists are attempting to look be- yond the single issue. One of the greatest hazards to United States strategists is the Tells Ways To End Bias By ANDREW ORLIN Prof. Albert Wheeler of the Med- ical School said in a lecture Wed- nesday night that the greatest problem facing the Negro in his fight for equality are "apathy, in- difference and the unconcern of white citizens." Speaking before the Newman Club, Prof. Wheeler, head of the Ann Arbor chapter of the Nation- al Association for the Advance- ment of Colored People, comment- ed that the "issue of human rights is a moral issue." The manner in which a commu- nity treats the problem reflects upon that area's morals. One of the fundamental ways to achieve these human rights is through church organizations, Prof. Wheeler said. National church organizations have become quite active in the fight for Negro rights, although clergymen in lo- cal sections, such as the South, tend to retard progress. Another method is through fed- eral legislation and law. In this field, the Supreme Court of the United States has had the most far reaching affect, he claimed. Non-violent, direct action and biracial negotiations are two other methods Prof. Wheeler considered important as measures to gain equality. To Consider Ills Of Urban Slums "From the Bottom Up-A Mes- sage for 'The Other America," is the title of a discussion to be led tonight by Robert Butman and Henry Alting, Grad. The discus- sion will concern urban slums and minority group problems. It is at 8 p.m. at the International Center. American "black or solutions. tradition of seeking white" foreign policy An agreement on a nuclear test ban will only bring policy difficul- ties, the Post claimed. It may throw open to question the whole Western "containment" policy erected against the Communists since World War II. There have been several major periods of fluidity since World War II. The first was right after the war when the United States was pre-occupied with a desire to return to some sort of "normalcy." The Soviets were then given the opportunity to use their military power in converting Eastern Eu- rope into a Communist empire. Another uncertain period fol- lowed Stalin's death, culminating in the 1956 Polish and Hungarian uprisings. The fluid situation al- lowed the Soviet Union to deal with the uprisings in its own way while United States policy remain- ed immobile. U-2 Breaks Mood A third period of "fluidity" came in 1959-early 1960. The U-2 plane was shot down in Russia a week before the Paris meeting of former President Dwight D. Eisen- hower and Khrushchev. This in- cident took the goodwill out of that summit meeting and ended the "spirit of Camp David" which had prevailed for preceding months. The 1959 meeting of Khrush- chev and Eisenhower at the Mary- land retreat had raised hopes of an easing of East-West tension. After this time, the Red Chinese greeted Khrushchev with nothing but scorn proceeding the 1960 fail- ure of his overtures to the West. Now that this friction and riv- alry has become intense, East- West relations have again become fluid. This was one of the earliest indications that Communist China was taking a hard line compared to the Soviets. It has since be- come amplified to be one of the major bones of contention between the two Communist powers. Propose Discussion Points The shape of East-West rela- tions may be indicated by the "shopping list" of international questions to be resolved. The Kremlin recently submitted such a list to the United Nations. It consisted of Soviet suggestions for the celebration of the 20th anni- versary of the United Nations in 1965. The subjects ranged from a Ger- man peace settlement and the so- lution to the Berlin problem to an East-West non-aggression pact, li- quidation of all foreign bases, cre- ation of world-wide non-nuclear zones and the banning of foreign sites for launching nuclear weap- ons. Also included were withdraw- al of all foreign troops from South Viet Nam and South Korea, re- moval of all trade barriers between nations and the "prohibition of war propaganda." Discussion on these controversial topics will demonstrate in which direction East-West relations will go. If the nuclear testing talks yield a limited agreement, the opportunity will bring some new and challenging questions to the fore, the Post concluded. By FRANCIS STILLEY in backward areas reach mature Associated Press Newsfeatures writer few years. In an age when stunning new In three places, Ghana, the scientific achievements are occur- Sudan and Haiti, adult illiteracy ring almost daily, it seems hard to is estimated at 90' per cent or believe that approximately one- more. half the world's adults-more than High Percentage 700 million people-cannot read In Afghanistan and Pakistan or write. the percentage is around 85 per And not only that, but the num- cent, in Iran 80 per cent and in ber promises to increase by many India 73 per cent. more millions, as illiterate children An estimated 495 million of the world's illiterates are concentrat- ed in Asia, Africa and Latin 4 America. These figures on one of the er etLOa mr modern Coolin world's great problems are cited DIAL 5-6290 in a report just issued by a United Qp 0Nations agency. UN Report bags. The agency, the United Nations that Educational, Scientific and Cul- am tural Organization (UNESCO), @l1 Vpresented the report to Secretary k t' General U. Thant for consideration of all by the U.N. General Assembly and the Economic and Social Council. A Cl.. The report urged that a fund of c nearly $2 billion be expended in a Ekb.rg 1 10-year program for teaching two-thirds of the illiterate adults In Asia, Africa and Latin America - to read and write. This would total about 330 million persons. The report asserted that "mass illiteracy acts as a brake upon the advance both of individual coun- ,tries and of human society as a whole along the path of economic and social progress." PARRY SALTZMAN a ALBERT R. BROCCOU It also said that "universal lit- eracy will make a vital contribu- tion to peace and understanding between, peoples and nations."t No Schooliplg HOPe EKbO8 As an example of how world illiter acy will continue to mount To the beach or te the market-it's the neetidea inow .~~. cost hgh fntrans. portation Worth its weight in pleasur. and ce.s- ' to rde than a bicycle. n A5SCOR HONDA of Ann Arbor CO M I NG -1906 Packard Road "I RMA LA DOUCE" 665-9281 in a staggering fashion unless something is done, the report pointed to the vast numbers of children n o t n o w attending school in Africa, the Arab States, Asia and Latin America. The estimated school-age pop- uilation was given as a total of 206 million, and the estimated pupil enrollment as 110 million. Taking into- consideration the fact that many now in school will drop out before becoming func- tionally literate, it was estimated that 150 million more illiterates will be added to the adult popula- tion within the next few years. Other Problems The UN agency acknowledged that there are many problems, other than adequate funds, to be overcome in carrying out a world- wide literacy campaign. It said that during its survey "reports from all areas showed that although adults may often express the desire to learn to read and write, and although - espe- cially when literacy campaigns are in progress-there is initially an enthusiastic response, attend- ance at literacy classes often dwindles. "One factor affecting the will to learn was expressed in the re- port from Viet Nam, as follows: 'Very poor people with large fam- ilies who have to work so pain- fully hard all day for the daily bowl of rice are not much inter- ested in literacy." DAlI The Daily Official Bulletin is an official publication of The Univer- sity of Michigan for which The Michigan Daily assumes no editorial responsibility. Notices should be sent in TYPEWRITTEN form to Room 3564 Administration Building before 2 p.m. two days preceding publication. FIRDAY, JULY 19 Day Calendar 8:00 a.m. to 3:00 p.m.-School of Music 15th Annual National Band Conductors Conference-Registration: Lobby, Sec- ond Floor, Mich. Union. 2:00 p.m.-Audio-Visual Education Center Film Preview-"Back-Breaking Leaf" and "Cattle Ranch": Multipur- pose Room, Undergrad Lib. 7:00 and 9:00 p.m.-Cinema Guild - Audrey Hepburn, Gregory Peck, and Ed- die Albert in William Wyler's "Roman Holiday": Architecture Aud. OUTER SPACE: Testing Questions Vex WASHINGTON-The two major problems in winning Senate rati- their mi a unresolv - fication of a nuclear test ban been arc treaty are that the Joint Chiefs not been of Staff would oppose the treaty, U and there are technical uncer- Their tainties in detecting outer space caused b Washing-tecting I nuclear explosions, the sMean ton Post reported recently. technica The Post predicted that any has bee ban which includes underground under th testing will provoke the biggest fense de Senate foreign battle since the search P League of Nations treaty of 1919. Projec But Soviet Premier Nikita S. ing sever Khrushchev has backed away ing, inc from including such tests in the space exj agreement and has swung to the date h position of favoring prohibitions methods only on underwater, atmospheric from th and space nuclear experiments. lites. Exclude Underground, Space X-ra HUBERT HUMPHREY Further, 34 Senators, lead by tBth ... wants partial ban Sen. Hubert Humphrey (D-Minn) the nu and Sen. Thomas Dodd (D-Conn) Ing x-ra presented a resolution supporting tronsiw PAKISTAN:_ a test ban treaty that excluded Becau underground and space explosions. trate th T o R evive With Khrushchev's acceptance ed detec of the United States position on ing seco: underground tests, the opposition's and ra rm yfire is now drawn to outer space ground- "The difficulties in the detec- which c PAKISTAN (I.-President Mo- tion in outer space tests are great- fects. hammeAKI bT han(hasdmteder than those in the atmosphere Later defeat in one of the key elements or under water, Humphrey re- will lau of his effort to remold Pakistan marked this spring. of twin since he seized control in 1958: Chiefs of Staff View must be He has failed to banish politicians This is the core of the privately- tector sa and political parties, whom he expressed, but generally publicly- Ad blames for the ills of this South known positions of the Joint Recen Asian nation. indicates Chiefs of Staff. The view was pre- advanta With Ayub's strong man form of sented to a closed hearing of Sen- is no lir presidential government increas- ingly accused of financial and po- ate preparedness subcommittee device u litical corruption, there is rising last month by outgoing Chief of it had be talk of younger officers trying to Naval Operations Adm. George W. On th take over. Anderson and Air Force Chief of bound e The president's younger brother, Staff Curtis E. Lemay. and con Bahadur Khan, brought this talk in thec into te oen withrucent speech .The chiefs do not like any lim- missile in the National Assembly here. He itation on nuclear tests, however,nspac is leader of the Assembly opposi- with strong public opinion ex- mnspaer tion to Ayub's government. Baha- pected to favor the ratification of osphen dur said the opposition would re- a test ban treaty, they are likely ou can sist any effort by younger offi- to os only t o tespace can do cers to revive dictatorship-or by provisions, the Post predicted. ground anyone else, apparently meaning The military chiefs have long pensive Ayub too. contended they need nuclear tests attractiv There are reports that Ayub may to perfect newly-devised nuclear impose martial law in order to keep weapons, especially the anti-mis- power. sile missile whose effectiveness de- It' Yet as the prestige of the gov- pends on an atmospheric explo'.B ernment has declined, that, of the sion that would destroy enem opposition has failed to rise. The missiles. Missiles travel too fast B opposition is divided into personal and the warning time is Insuffi- SH cliques, but no party can make a cient to knock them out with di-S convincing claim to mass support. rect hits. Most of the 100 million persons in A head count on Senate ratifica- S this impoverished, und~developed tion at this time, the Post said, THE E country are ignorant of political would not be very illuminating. ne developments. Many senators have not made up IST Perfects New Crystals Cie.',z i4 A new automated device for growing crystals of substances with high melting points has been de- SUMMER 1 yeloped at the Institute of Science and Technology. The device pro- duces large single crystals of (All showings Friday and Saturday greatly improved structural qual- except where otherwise ity and makes it possible to grow new or unknown crystals. This breakthrough is expected to spur rapid advances in the area of crystal research-increasingly im-J U LY 19, 20 portant to fundamental scientific studies and many applications in electronics, optics, and communi- Wiliam v ye cations. ROMAN HOI Audrey Hepburn, Grec ETI N { %Eddie Albert Sophisticated comedy of per iowing schools wiil be at the Bureau Academy Awan to interview candidates: MON., JULY 22- Wyoming, Mich. (Godwin Heights) - Elem.-vocal, HS Sci./Math, SS/Eng- lish (Journalism minor), Kdg., 2nd, 4th. AT ARCHITECTURE AUI TUES., JULY 30- Trust Territory, Mariana Islands--Ed- ADMISSION 50 C ucation Specialists. WED., JULY 31- Ortonville, Mich.-E. Elem. * * * For additional information and ap- pointments contact the Bureau of Ap- One Show Only pointments, 3200 SAB, 663-1511, Ext. 3547, at 7:20 P.M. THE BIG EVENT OF 196: )ENT GROUP. COLOR! GREAT MUSIC-GR GREAT STARS SSION : to his fellow man . ..8:00 P.M. g Iliam, Apt. 3AR *O WELCOME DOROTHY JARMiLA [ANCHE MEESA RICHARD MIXERIRSCELLOHAGEMAN CARL BENTON REID BUILDING n C~AiI 1 nr%i'%kA .,,f&*00 Senate Inds, partially because th ed, nebulous issue ha ound so long that it ha taken seriously. ncertainty in Space indecision is partiall y the uncertainties of de nuclear tests in space. while, research on th d side of this questio: n underway since 195 he sponsorship of the de partment's Advanced Re rojects Agency. t Vela has been research al aspects of nuclear test luding underground an periments. The program t as attempted to devis of spotting space test e ground and from satel ys, Neutrons Detectable §ystems essentially rely of clear explosion's produc ys, gamma rays and neu ,ich can be detected b instruments. se none of these rays pene e atmosphere, ground bas tion depends on measur ndary effects with optics dio instruments. Bu based devices have mucl nited range than satellite an measure primary ef this year the United State nch the first in a serie satellites to learn wha done before building de tellites. vantage to Space Test t. Congressional testimon the advantages and dis ges of space testing. Ther nitation on the size of th hat could be exploded ani be difficult to prove tha en shot off. e other hand, the earth ffects on other warhead mmunications -importar development of an anti dystem-cannot be studie e because it has no at e. e expert said, "Anythin do in outer space, yo with unrestricted under tests. Space testing is ex enough to make it les ve." s Complete rber Services ! Try one of our: AVES and HAIRCUTS SCALP and FACIAL TREATMENTS hoe Shines Available DASCOLA BARBERS ar Michigan Theater 00, 'Uoplf 63 at 7 and 9 P.M. noted.) ,I N OFFIC-IAL BULLI .C":. . . . . . . . . . ..;.;.};-::fa3:ii: v:i::Y:}Y':;::"{:tali".,v,{.""r ::".i:iai:{."::'"": :Y"y.}" :.; ..w..vv.:"^ .ett., v .v . rs LIDAY gory Peck ennial appeal. rd DITORIUM ENTS of C1-38," today, 629 Physics-Astronomy Bldg., at 2:00 p.m. Chairman, W. C. Parkinson. General Notices French and German Screening Exam- inations: the screening examinations in French and German for doctoral candidates will be administered on Tues., July 23 from 3 to 5 p.m. in Aud. C, Angell Hall. Doctoral candidates must pass the screening examination before taking the written test in French or German. Students, College of Engin.-The final day for DROPPING COURSES WITH- OUT RECORD will be Friday, July 19. A course may be dropped only with the permission of thet classifier after conference with the instructor. Placement ANNOUNCEMENTS: U.S.I.A. and State Dept. Foreign Serv- ice Exams-TODAY is the last day to pick up applications for the exams, because they are due in Washington on the 22nd. Applications available at General Div., Bureau of Appointments, 3200 SAB. Peace Corps Exam is Tomorrow, July, 20 at 8:30 a.m. in the Civil Service Rm. of the Post Office, downtown sta- tion. The nextexam will be on Aug. 24. PLACEMENT INTERVIEWS, Bureau of Appointments-Seniors & grad stu- dents, please call Ext. 3544 for inter- view appointments with the following: TUES., JULY 23- Des Moines Community Playhouse - Seeking a Technical Director, with background in Scenic Design. Position will be equivalent of Assistant Direc- tor. Would like to interview men or women with such desire and back- ground. WED., JULY 24-- Socony Mobil Oil Co.-Seeking men with any degree in any field of con- centration for Marketing Training Pro- gram. Socony Mobil has no formal Mgmt. trng, prog. as such. Instead, Management & administrative person-; nel are selected from among the Mar- keting & Sales Promotion Trainees. Several openings in Detroit as well as world-wide locations. TEACHER PLACEMENT: During the month of July the fol- .. 'US DIAL 8-6416 BAHA'I STUI 3-ALL IN EAT STORIES- NO W Dial 2=6264 Eves. & Sun. .. $1.00, Matinees.......75c Children . ..40c M -0 W- I m = LZ- I Showsat 1-3-5-7 and 9 P.M THE MOST WON DERFUL ENTERTAINMENT EVER EVER! WWMB'A FotURES A KOHLNAR3Iq EY FS 8:00 p.m.-Dept. of Speech Univ. Play- ers Summer Playbill--George Bernard Shaw's "Androcles and the Lion": Ly- dia Mendelssohn Theatre. Doctoral Examination for Frank Sev- cik, Physics; thesis: "The C1-3(d,p)Cl- 38 Reaction and the Nuclear Structure ORGANIZATION NOTICES Baha'i Student Group, Discussion, July 19, 8 p.m., 500 E. William, Apt. No. 3. DISCU. Man's relationship Friday, July 19 500 East Wi EVERYONE GRAD RAC K HAM HEAR MARIO LANZA IN THE RCA-VICTOR RECORD ALBUM ~AN'D* I