Seventy-Third Year
1 EDITED AND MANAGED BY STUDENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN
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Truth Will Prevslll's
Editorials printed in The Michpigan Daily express the individual opinions of staff writers
or the editors, This must be noted in all reprints.

WEDNESDAY, JULY 3, 1963

NIGHT EDITOR: ANDREW ORLIN


Kennedy Proposal Forced
By Cv et rco n
Dvi 1V1Restrictions

PRESIDENT KENNEDY'S civil rights pro-
posal asks for permission to force restau-
rant owners and others who own "public" fa-
cilities to open their doors to all, and to prac-
tice fair employment.
It is a sad situation when the President of
the United States is forced to take such powers
into his hands. Another President had to do
the same thing 100 years ago to keep people
from holding other people in servitude. Of
course it may be pointed out that that hap-
pened during wartime.
It may also be pointed out that that was
what the war was basically about.
We are a bit alarmed at the extremes that
may occur under the President's recent pro-.
posal. Our nation is founded on the concept
of private property and the protection of the
individual's right to use his property as he
sees fit.
IT IS DIFFICULT for a person or a govern-
ment to decide what is best for the people.
Often the people don't agree with the judge-
ment. President Kennedy is in the position of.
having to tell the American people what they
must do.
This is fine as long as we agree with the
orders that the President is requesting per-
mission to give. If we disagree, however, then
it becomes an entirely different matter.
Peace Corps
SOMEHOW WE COULDN'T get ourselves as
worked up as former Ambassador Ellis.
Briggs obviously wanted all Americans to when
he took out after the Peace Corps the other
day.
Mr. Briggs, now in retirement after 40 years
in the foreign service, told the senate govern-
ment operations committee that the Peace
Corps is founded on the "somewhat irrational,
idea that anybody who can fix a carburetor
can fix anything." He then added: "The Peace
Corps is a movement wrapped in a pinafore of
publicity whose team cry is: 'Yoo-hoo, yoo-hoo!
Let's go out and wreak some good on some
natives."
Mr. Briggs has given the best years of his
life to the service of his country and could
be expected to have, and obviously does have,
some definite ideas as to the worth of the
Peace Corps, even though he retired a year
ago and didn't get much of a chance to ob-
serve it in action, since it is barely two years
old. And the senate committee, which has a
responsibility to check into the expenditures
of funds to determine whether the taxpayers
are getting their money's worth, should con-
sider his testimony seriously.

We don't like the idea of being told what we
should or shouldn't do with our property. And
yet, we encounter this situation virtually every
time we turn around.
Each year we must buy license plates for our
cars, or pay a fine. We must have a driver's
license to drive. We are restricted from serving
unsafe foods in restaurants. We are prohibited
the wanton use of narcotics. We can be fined
for driving while intoxicated. Children are re-
quired to attend school. None of us is exempt
from paying some sort of tax.
T CAN BE SEEN that government dabbling
with private property is not unheard of. We
are fr'ee to exercise our rights and liberties
insofar as they do not infringe upon the rights
and liberties of others. Thus, to insure our
freedom, it is necessary to restrict the pos-
sibility of unlimited freedom for others. And in
so doing, we necessarily restrict our own free-
dom.
We, too, are strongly in favor of private
property. We are however, also in favor of
extending the actual freedom to have private
property to all Americans. And that cannot
be accomplished by keeping a portion of the
population in social and economic servitude.
We hate to see Mr. Kennedy asking for these
powers. We're also very sorry that he was
forced into it.
-The Summer Texan
Serves Too
But it sounds to us as though Mr. Briggs
was unduly rough on the Peace Corps because
of a suspicion that its real purpose is to ursurp
the place of the foreign. service in handling our
relations with other nations. Of course this
simply isn't true.
The motivating factor in the establishment
of the Peace Corps was to fill a gap that
wasn't-and isn't--being filled by our foreign
service, to wit: Supplying the know-how to
improve living conditions in underdeveloped
nations on a people-to-people basis.
We'll grant that knowing how to fix a
carburetor doesn't qualify anybody to be a
diplomat. But if it's a carburetor that needs,
fixing it's better, we suggest, to have it fixed
by someone who knows carburetors than to
entrust the assignment to a diplomat who
knows protocol from A to Z.
In other words, as long as we are intent
upon doing things calculated to improve our
Image- abroad, there'll be a place both for
diplomats and for carburetor fixers. Each
has his niche and each will serve his country
best by filling it well.
-THE DAILY IOWAN

"After All, These Men Are Mortal - And Who Will
I Be Dealing With After They're All Gone?"
x ,
\-!
--
V.+.
f rs3 K.
ALABAMA NOTEBOOK:
Native Explains Crises Situation,

INTEGRATION:
Grosse Pointe March
Has Cordial Receptioi

TODAY AND TOMORROW:
Campaign Hurts Alliance

(EDITOR'S NOTE: The author of
this article is a senior at the Uni-
versity of Texas. She has lived in
Birmingham all her life. The article
is reprinted from the Summer Tex-
an.)
By MYRA STEIN
FOLLOWING THE enrollment of
two Negro students at the Uni-
versity of Alabama, I have been
asked many times to comment on
how 'I feel about the situation. As
a native of Birmingham and hav-
ing attended the University of
Texas for three years, I feel that
the events three weeks ago have
aroused many misconceptions.
As Governor George Wallace
stood in the door of Foster Audi-
torium, I began to wonder just
who he represented. One-third of
the population of Alabama is Ne-
gro; he obviously did not repre-
sent them. Another one-third, at
least, are honest, law-abiding cit-
izens, who would never permit
the governor or any other citizen
to stand in protest of a federal
order.
Can the remaining one-third of
the population by any method of
tabulation really be considered the
"sovereign state of Alabama?"
This one-third objects to freedom
of educational opportunity largely
on the basis that they are skepti-
cal about what positive results it
will achieve. They argue that Par-'
ker High School in Birmingham
and Tuskeekee Institute are
among the most outstanding in-
stitutions of the state. Yet, they
ask, just how many Alabama Ne-
groes really want the education
they offer?
AMONG THIS GROUP of ob-
jectors are also some informed
citizens who object to the means
by which integration of the
schools is being attempted. They
argue that integration would be
far more feasible at the elemen-
tary rather than the college level.
They argue that objection by the
parents of college students is more
adamant because these middle-
aged citizens have known no in-
tegration and they refuse to alter
the status quo.

Parents of grade school children
are younger and more willing to
accept change. They also believe
that children in the elementary
grades are far less race conscious
than are college students. The ma-
jor argument against this plan for
integration is the fear that lax
racial barriers might lead to social
integration.
Waitin
1) Venezuelan terrorists attempt
the assination of President Betan-
court; they attack American con-
sular offices and business in Cara-
cas. 2) Peruvian police round up
seven young guerrilas, find all
seven were students who had left
some time ago for Havana on Cas-
tro scholarships; 3) The Cuban
Student Directorate (which pin-
pointed the Soviet missile em-
placements in Cuba 'a month
ahead of JFK) reports 168 African
Communists have already been
landed in Haiti after intensive
training in a Cuban school for
subversion in Minos del Frio, Cuba,
and more will be landed in the
months ahead; 4) The OAS re-
ports on Communist subversion in
Latin America remarks the in-
filtration of Cuban-trained ter-
rorists into Ecuador, Brazil, Uru-
guay and Argentina; 5) Tarantel
Press reports 150 members of the
illegal Partido Popular Demo-
cratico (the CP of Panama) are
now in training in Cuba; 6) Free
Cuba News publishes the exact
location of ten Communist train-
ing camps in Cuba, two of them
under command of famous Red
Spanish civil war generals Al-
berto Bayo and Enrique Lister;
7) the Caribbean Yenan grows
stronger hour by hour, and each
moment of indecision in Washing-
ton costs an added toll of human
life in the inevitable military as-
sault upon Castro-Communism in
this hemisphere. Is the President
waiting for a world war to stop
Castro.
-National Review i

The situation in Alabama is not
an unexpected one by its citizens.
Rather it has brewed for years-a
century perhaps. Old Southern
aristocracy is extant, and the
people of the South are not willing
to accept change. Many, I am
sure, felt that the entrance of
two Negro students in the Univer-
sity of Alabama broke that last
thread of separation between the
white and black races.
* * *
THIS TRANSITION was an
emotional one, and its results will
not be felt today or tomorrow, but
in the future. Too often, I feel,
people outside of the South fail
to realize just how deep this senti-
ment lies. It was commendable,
indeed, that even those who so
strongly opposed the acceptance of
the Negroes did not resort to vio-
lence. Though I could never agree
with Governor Wallace politically,
I must commend him for the order
he did maintain in Tuscaloosa..
Those individuals who would
generally be looked to for violence
in a racial crisis like this one are
the same individuals who elected
Wallace as governor of the state.
Obviously, to these people, his
word is law. Many Alabamians
were expecting another Oxford
affair; others did not know what
to expect. All Alabamians regard-
less of their political convictions,
are no doubt pleased with the
tranquility that was maintained.
The Alabama crisis, unfortu-
nately, is not an end to, racial
strife in the United States. Events
at the University of Alabama all
too soon will be overshadowed by
renewed struggles elsewhere. To
outsiders the crisis in Alabama
looks relatively simple now; yet
to those witnessing it it is intri-
cately complex.
The purpose of this article has
not been to express my ideas, but
rather to inform those who seem
to be too intolerant of the events
of the day. If people would be
more willing to understand and
not so ready to condemn, our
country would be a far better
place for all to live.

By ROBERT SELWA
Daily Correspondent
GROSSE POINTE made up for
Dearborn this past weekend,
and Gov. George Romney made up
for Governor Romney, as the sec-
ond in a series of demonstrations
against segregation unfolded.
Romney hadnot been at the
June 22 demonstration in Dear-
born nor at the June 23 March for
Freedom in Detroit. But he came
to the Grosse Pointe walk and
gave a speech on civil rights.
Grosse Pointe made up for Dear-
born by giving a better reception
to the protest. There was some
catcalling and booing and explod-
ing of firecrackers in Dearborn,
and otherwise the spectators tend-
ed to be sullen or Just silent.
But in Grosse Pointe there was
no catcalling and booing, and only
one firecracker, and th specta-
tors tended to be conversative, in-
terested and a little friendly.
There were no incidents of vio-
lence, nor much for the police to
do except direct traffic. In Dear-
born the police had to keep eggs
and tempers down.
About 600 people took part-two
to three times as many as took
part in Dearborn. As in Dearborn,
the makeup of the march was
slightly more than half Negro,
slightly less than half white. There
were many ministers again, but
this time there was a higher pro-
portion of non-ministers. It ap-
pears that the protest against seg-
regation is getting a response
among the plain folks as well as
among their religious leaders.
IN CONTRAST with Dearborn,
the National Association for the
Advancement of Colored People-
the main sponsor--got a city per-
mit to march in the streets. In
Dearborn the demonstrators walk-
ed single file on the sidewalk; in
Grosse Pointe we walked in rows
of four, to six or in bunches.
Much to everyone"s surprise and
happiness, Romney showed up and
led the march along with Ed Turn-
er, state president of the NAACP.
Romney's name had been vigor-
ously booed the Sunday before
when he had not participated be-
causeof his adherence to the
Sabbath as a day for no public
functions. He was making up for
Sunday, but not for Saturday's
march in Dearborn. Why wasn't
he there too? Was he only re-
sponding to public pressure, as
some demonstrators believe, 'When
he marched in Grosse Pointe?
While 600 demonstrators walk-
ed along Kercheval street, about
15-all Negro-picketed the Max-
on Brothers real estate office on
Kercheval. They carried signs say-
ing :I
"Equality for all in housing op-
portunities."-
"The Pointe is freedom."
"The good neighbor policy be-
gins at home."
"Silloway lRealty is acting un-
American."
"Segregation is division-divided
we fall."
* * *.
THE PARADE moved into the
Grosse Pointe high school stadium.
The Star Spangled Banner was
not booed, nor was Ed Turner.
He told the attentive audience
that the important thing about
Grosse Pointe housing discrimina-
tion is that it is sophisticated; it
is practiced by the best people in
the community even though they
profess to be upright American
citizens.
Arthur Johnson of the NAACP
hailed the protest as "the begin-
ning of the end of segregation in
the Pointes." He repeated the one-
year pledge made in Dearborn: in
one year the NAACP would return
-to an integrated city.
The chairman of the Grosse
Pointe Democratic club proclaimed
that some people have forgotten
what the Declaration of Indepen-

dence means. In Dearborn an of-
ficer of that city's Democratic
club had spoken too. In Ann Ar-
bor the Democratic club has been,
pressing vigorously for an effec-
tive fair housing ordinance. It
seems that on local levels in the

Dog Bite

By WALTER LIPPMANN
PRESIDENT KENNEDY'S TRIP to West Ger-
many will be followed in a few days by
resident de Gaulle's trip. Whatever the of-
icial explanation, the fact is that the two
eads of state have now involved themselves in
popularity contest. It is an absurd predica-
aent for the western world to be in, both
'residents trying to carry West Germany as
hough they were candidates in an election
ampalgn.
The notion that the character of the West-
rn Alliance and its leadership can be deter-
pined by campaigning is a false one. The
ontest with Gaullist France is not an election,
ut an exercise in power politics, of which the
utcome will be shaped by the astute use of the
ieces that each side possesses. The whole
onflict, we must remember, began with a
ress conference which announced 'an action.
'he press conference was not an argument.
brought forth the news thpt the British
ntry into the Common Market would be vetoed
y France. France had the power to apply the
eto. The whole subsequent Gaullist movement
gainst the NATO military structure, and
gainst an Atlantic low-tariff association has
een a series of actions-of withdrawals, ab-
tentions and vetoes.
Since Gaullism is not generally popular in
Vestern Europe, it was tempting to assume
hat the exasperating disruption of the western
ystem could be stopped by rousing the Euro-
eans to stop it. That has been a misreading
f the nature of the issue. Gaullism cannot be
brown back in Europe by electioneering, and
will soon be evident that the cheering crowds
a Germany do not mean that Britain will be
dmitted any sooner to the Common Market
r that the grand design is any nearer realiza-
.on than it was.
UT SEEING the conflict as an election
problem has led directly to the embarras-

Moreover, in the effort to make the Germans
trust him, the President laid himself wide open
to the Gaullist retort, which was that the
French trusted Kennedy, but how could he
speak for the "successor of the successor of
the successor" of Kennedy.
So grave a matter as the nature of a pledge
of life and death should not be declaimed to
an excited crowd. When President Kennedy
told the Germans that the American govern-
ment would risk its cities 'to defend German
cities, the occasion did not lend itself to a
full explanation of the situation. The situation
is that the United States will risk nuclear war
to stop an unprovoked aggression against West
Germany or West Berlin. But this does not
mean that the United States has pledged itself
to nuclear war in order to give total support
to Bonn's policies in Berlin, in East Germany
or beyond the present Polish frontier.
The stakes are too high to be played about
with in electioneering speeches.
How should the response to Gaullism be
made? Since electioneering is a dangerous
method of communication, since the French
president does not want to talk directly with
the American President and since neither man
seems to be able to talk through his ambassa-
dor, there remains the classic instrument of
diplomacy which is to write notes, some private,
some public. The advantages of writing notes
are many - chiefly they can be composed
deliberately; they are addressed not to the
gallery, but to the head of the government, and
they are immune to the intoxicating effect of
cheering crowds.
NOT THAT NOTE WRITING is likely to re-
solve the conflict between the two govern-
ments. It is a deep conflict hard to resolve,
but not necessarily tragic. Note writing might,
however, open up channels of communication
and perhaps avert an intensification of the
popularity contest. For that contest is already
on the ,,,eree of, eon~ttved m ,ar.

North, Democrats are mu
stronger on civil rights than R
publicans. This factor, plus t
benefits of the welfare state, ca
tures the Negro vote even thou
the Negro first gained some rigs
a century ago because of Repu
licans.
PROBABLY the best speech w
that of Abraham Ulmer, chairm
of the NAACP housing committ
He answered the critics with soi
of his stirring remarks: "We c
live on your block and not ta:
it. You don't have to accept us
your homes-just accept us
your neighbors. We're asking
favors-only give us the freedc
that we have fought for.
"The. Negro," Ulmer continu.
"is on the move in America, r
becausetwe want to be but becau
you have forced us to be."
pointed out that "we are n
afraid, as our parents were."
Turner noted that one N
York branch of the NAACP w
organized by whites and suggest
that this is one way in which t
Pointe cities can redeem then
selves.
Leonard Woodcock, a govern
of Wayne State University, not
that the churches have brand
segregation a sin and declar
that "a semi-circle of sin si
rounds Detroit." Negroes, he ad
ed, have contributed to this nati
before it was a nation.
ROMNEY MADE some mild
humorous remarks about the
degree heat, then described t
new state constitution's compr
hensive provisions for civil righ
tRomney, In his man-of -the-peon
way, said it is time "for everybo
to get his own house in order."
Then Romney, an official
the Morman church, proclaim
his own version ; f the natui
rights philosophy. He describ
equalityJ° of opportunity as,
"deathl'ess, sacred right" gilven1
God.
Pointing out the bi-racial n
ture of the demonstration, Romn
said that the elimination of d:
crimination is a matter above rac
a matter requiring dedicated, di
passionate leadership from be
races.
Then came the final prayer, a:
as the people began to leave
walk through the pretty neig
borhoods with their old elm a:
maple trees and with their iv
covered homes and their peacefh
chrome-plated segregation, a lo'
firecracker exploded.

WE DO NOT deplore events in
Birmingham. We welcome
them. It is thrilling to see the
Negro people of the South assert-
ing itself. Their reception is news
only to the wilfully ignorant. The
only difference between current
events and the past is magnitude.
What the police have long been
accustomed to doing with the In-
dividual Negro who resisted hu-
miliation, they cannot do in secret
when thousands mass. So the
whole country sees the police
brutes, with their billies, their
guns, their electric prods, their
dogs. We applaud Chief Judge
David L. Bazelon of the U.S.
Court of Appeals for the District
of Columbia. In a speech to the
Federal Bar Association he
brought down upon himself the
anger of Southerners in Congress
by his astringent remarks on the
use of police dogs. He questioned
"the use of terror evoked by the
threat of setting beasts against
human beings." The police claim
this is effective. "Assuming for a
moment that it is," Judge Bazelol.
said. "A full scale reign of terror
might be effective too. But could
we respect ourselves if we in-
stituted one?" That picture of a
police dog lunging open-jawed at
a Negro on the front pages of the
newspapers May 4 was worth a
million dollars to the cause of Ne-
gro liberation. That dog was the
dog that bit the South and in
full view of the whole world.
-I. F. Stone's Bi-Weekly

~1

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