TUESDAY, AUGUST 6, 1'3613

THE MICHIGAN DAILY

PAGE TERE

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ENROLLMENT PRESSURE:
Accept Full-Time Operation

'U' Hosts Venezuelans
Attending StudySession

I DEFENSE SPENDING:

McGovern Urges Strategy Evaluation

NEW YORK--College is increas-
ingly becoming a year-round af-
fair.
According to a report in the
Wall Street Journal a growing
number of schools are concluding
the only way they can meet the
mounting demands for their serv-
ices is to make fuller use of their
faculties and facilities during the
summer. "Five years ago there
weren't more than half a dozen.
United States colleges and univer-
sities on a year-round basis; today
there are at least 70 and a good
many more are preparing to join
them," Prof. Earl J. McGrath,
executive director of the Institute
of Higher Education at Columbia
University, said recently.
Part of the pressure to keep
colleges and universities in ses-
sion during the summer comes
from the students themselves.
With academic standards rising,
more students want to devote their
summers to taking extra courses.
Increased Enrollment
But the primary motivation be-
hind expanded summer programs
is found in soaring college enroll-
ments. Last September college and
university enrollment totaled 4.2
million students, nearly double the
total 12 years earlier. Over the
next 12 years enrollment is ex-
pected to more than double, reach-
ing 8.7 million by the fall of 1975.
The United States Office of Edu-
cation figures that if most colleges
continue on their present part-
time schedule, they will spend over
$28 billion between now and 1975
to build enough new facilities to
handle the flood ofnadditional stu-
dents. Advocates of the year-round
operation for colleges say fuller
utilization of teachers and class-
rooms in the summer could cut the
staggering cost of the construction
bill.
Year-round schooling differs
from the traditional nine-month
academic year coupled with a
short summer session. In most
cases the old fashioned summer
session offers a very limited num-
ber of subjects, and admission
standards are more relaxed than
during the regular academic year.

Year-round operation provides
for three or four terms of equal
length during 12 months. The
four-term plan, the older and more
popular of the arrangements, is.
known as the quarter system. The
three-term plan, which attracted
one of its best known adherents
when the University of Pittsburgh
adopted it in 1959, is called the
trimester system. Under both plans
most basic courses are offered in
all the terms and the same ad-
mission requirements apply all the
time.
Year-round colleges don't regis-
ter as many students for their
summer terms as they do for their
winter ones because most students
still prefer to vacation or work
during the summer.
Plan Not New
The year-round college is by no
means new; the University of Chi-
cago has operated on a four-term
year-round since its foundation in
1891.
Florida's three state universities
went on the trimester plan last
fall. The Florida legislature has
now authorized the state's 29 pub-
lic junior colleges to adopt the
same schedule.
Wayne State University in De-]
troit and Columbia College, a
church-affiliated institution in
South Carolina, both began year-
round operations last fall; Wayne
went on the quarter plan and Co-
lumbia adopted the trimester plan.
The University of Cincinnati plans
to begin full year operation in the
fall. The University is presently
adjusting its calendar in the hopes
thatin its next session the Legis-
lature will give it the funds need-
ed to begin year-round operation.
Extend High School Sessions
Along with the spread of year-
round schedules for colleges, there
is pressure in some areas for more
full time instruction in public and
elementary schools. "With the ex-
plosion of knowledge and demand
that have been put on educators
since Sputnik, we're just going to
have to find more time at all lev-
els to do the job," C. C. Trilling-
ham, superintendent of schools for
Los Angeles County, commented.

Some schools are lengthening
the school day and even the school
week: During a pilot program last
fall fourteen public schools in Los
Angeles signed up more than 2000
students for an extra hour's in-
struction two days a week.'
The prospects for year-round'
operation of public schools on a
wide scale seems doubtful. It is
likely there would be loud com-
plaints from parents who want
their children to spend the summer
out of doors rather than in the
classrooms. In the 1920's and 1930's
a number of United States schools
systems including those of Newark,
N.J.; Nashville, Tenn., and Ali-
quippa, Pa., switched to year-
round schooling and staggered va-
cations for pupils to save money
during periods of unusually heavy
enrollment. But the plans were
dropped as soon as enough class-
room space became available to al-
low a return to the normal school
year.
Public Schools
Two Florida public schools are
going on a year-round basis start-
ing in the fall. The schools-neith-
er of which can be considered a ty-
pical public School-are the Uni-
versity School at Tallahassee, a
combined elementary and high
school operated as an adjunct of
Florida State University, and Fort
Lauderdale's Nova High School,
which admits only top flight stu-
dents and is heavy in math and
sciences.
SNCC To Sponsor
Civil Rights Talk
The Ann Arbor Friends of the
Student Non-Violent Coordinat-
ing Committee will sponsor a talk
by Robert Selwa, '63, on Civil
Rights Activities in Dearborn to-
day at 8 p.m. in Room 3G of
the Union.

By PATRICIA LEFTRIDGE
Fourteen Venezuelan university
students will begin three weeks of
study here, at the fourth Vene-
zuelan Student Leader Seminar.
The group, representing four
Venezuelan universities, will study
economics and business at the
business school until Aug. 23. They
arrived in Ann Arbor last Wednes-
day.

political leadership." Each of the
students is outstanding in econom-
ics at their home universities.
The Venezuelan seminar grew
out of former Vice-President Rich-
ard Nixon's visit to Latin America
in 1958, "wheh the United States
realized how little attention we
had paid to Latin America," Prof.
Steigerwalt said. "So many of our
interests are motivated by the cold
war."
Prof. Steigerwalt referred to
President John F. Kennedy's state-
ment, "The cold war could not be
won in Latin America, but it could
be lost there." He added; "Indeed
we (the sponsors of the seminar)
have an ulterior motive."
The focus of the program will be
the study of economics in a democ-
racy, under faculty from the busi-
ness school and the economics and
philosophy d e p a r t m e n ts. The
group will study politics and poli-
cies in this country, our economic
systems, development and the im-
pact of economic growth in social
life, industrial and production
management, marketing, United
States foreign policy in Latin
America, and democratic ideas and
ideals.
Field Trips
In addition, the Venezuelans will
take field trips to local plants and
businesses, and to a commercial
orchard. Two days will be spent
in Detroit and at the Monroe
County Fair in Monroe.
The Latin American visitors will
see a part of American family and
social life by visiting homes and
having picnics and other informal
affairs with faculty members and
Ann Arborresidents. Afterthe
close of the seminar, the Latin
American students will visit Chi-
cago, Washington and New York.
"The seminar tends to dispel any
misconceptions about North Amer-
ica, and to establish rapport be-
tween the University and the four
universities of Venezuela," Prof.
Steigerwalt explained.

WASHINGTON - The junior
senator from South Dakota, Sen.
George McGovern, said in a Sen-
ate speech recently that the time-
has come to question the "assump-
tions that we are adding to defense
and security more to the nuclear
stockpile; indeed to question the
basic postulates of our defense
strategy."
Several other senators, most of
them juniors in the Senate hi-
erarchy, are planning to follow
McGovern with related speeches
between now and floor considera-
tion of the $53.6 billion Pentagon
budget.
The Washington Post reports
that McGovern's speech is indi-
cative of a wide-spread frustra-
tion, affecting both the House and
the Senate, over the inability of
the rank-and-file members to
cope with that part of the federal
budget which consumes the great
bulk of the taxpayers' money-
defense and atomic energy ex-
penditures in one form or another.
Follow the Leaders
Most Senate members claim
they cannot even understand the
budget, much less the assumptions
on which it is based. They auto-
matically follow the lead of their
seniors on the Armed Services
and Appropriations Committee.
Some needling has come from
the outside, however, particularly
from Seymour Melman of Colum-
bia University. Some time ago he
proposed cutting the defense bud-
get by $16 billion to $25 billion,
a proposal that brought wither-
ing scorn from the Pentagon. But
Melman has persisted.
McGovern and those who will
follow him have talked with Mel-
man but theyehave been writing
their own speeches. But the basis
for the complaints are the same.
McGovern has suggested a $4 bil-
lion defense cut plus a $1 billion
cut from the Atomic Energy Com-
mission's budget.
Seek Defense Force
His arguments run something
as follows:

GEORGE McGOVERN
... "overkill"

At present McGovern s a i d,
"while we have a capability of
1000 ICBMs and are building many
more, the Russians have built only
a minor fraction of that number.
Indications are that they will im-
prove and replace rather than
greatly increase the number of
their missiles."
"Overkill" means the capabil-
ity to kill the other side's popula-
tion, military and civilian, not
over.
This led McGovern to ask,
"What possible advantage there
can be to the United States in
appropriating additional billions
of dollars to build more missiles
and bombs when we already have
excess capacity to destroy the po-
tential enemy? How many times
is it necessary to kill a man or a
nation?"
McGovern is not the first to
raise this question, nor was Mel-
man, but McGovern like many
others has never been able to get
what he considers a satisfactory
answer from the Pentagon.
Ask for Explanation
Recently McGovern and Sen.
Gaylord Nelson (D-Wis) asked
Secretary of Defense Robert S.
McNamara for an explanation.
McNamara turned them over, they
said, to some of his "whiz kids."
The discussion was lengthy but the
result was \not convincing to the
senators.
McGovern does not go all the
way with Melman or even a great
part of the way in terms of dol-
lars in the budget. But he does
attack the "overkill" problem and
he hopes to stimulate in some
way the larger debate which
"needs to be waged by those sen-
ators a n d Congressmen with
greater experience and knowledge
than mine."

ALBERT K. STEIGERWALT
... Venezuelan seminar
Prof. Albert K. Steigerwalt of
the business school is director of
the seminar. He has headed the
program since its beginning in
1960.
Fair Impression
"Basically, the seminar is de-
signed to give the Venezuelan stu-
dents a fair impression of North
America, therefore they are shown
as much of United States life as is
possible in six weeks," Prof. Steig-
erwalt said.
None of the students has ever
visited outside of Venezuela.
Student leadership is the pri-
mary criterion on which the stu-
dents are chosen for the seminar,
Prof.. Steigerwalt explained. "In
Venezuela, student leadership is

While all Americans want a
defense force second to none, the
current budget is so big it harms
the civilian economy, adds to the
gold drain, and puts much to
much national reliance on the
"arms economy." Not enough plan-
ning has been done for reconver-
sion either by the government or
by private defense industries.
In short, "present levels of mil-
itary spending and military for-
eign aid are distorting our econo-
my, wasting our human resources
and restricting our leadership in
the world." Diverting some of this
money to "constructive invest-
ments both at home and abi'oad
will produce a stronger and more
effective America without d mag-
ing national security.
The reason for the massive de-
"fense budget is that the United
States has built up and, is con-
tinuing to build up a vast over-
skill capacity in nuclear weapons."

He was
by severali
had said.

congratulated recently
colleagues for what he

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DIAL 'r
DIAL One of the most
8-6416 ;
8-6416, distinguished
casts ever
assembledE..
one of the
most provocative
of our time!
The odiglnmlwm ,subtted french language film
_____________ MVOUISLY RELEASED IN ENGUSH AS "WHERE THE HOT WINO t
Sin WLOBRiGIDA PierreBBRASSEUR Marcella MASTROIANNI Melina MERCOURI
NEXT: "A GAME FOR 6 LOVERS"

The Daily Official Bulletin is an
official publication of The Univer-
sity of Michigan for which The
Michigan Daily assumes no editorial
responsibility. Notices should be
sent in TYPEWRITTEN form to
Room 3564 Administration Building
before 2 p.m. two days preceding
publication.
TUESDAY, AUGUST 6
Day Calendar
8:30 a.m.-American Institute of CPA
Staff Training Program-Mich. Union.
3:00 p.m.-Dept. of Speech Assembly-
Citation of Graduates: Rackham Amphi-
theatre.
3:45 p.m.-Dept. of Speech Reception
-Rackham Assembly Hall.
7:30 p.m. -- Linguistics Curriculum
Committee Linguistic Forum Lecture -
Einar Haugen, Univ. of Wisconsin, "Lan-
guage Planning, a Problem in Applied
Linguistics": Rackham Amphitheatre.
Clinic: "A Case, Analysis of a Fresh
Air Camp Camper," David Wineman,
Associate Prof. of Social Work, Wayne
State Univ., 8:00 p.m. this evening, in
the lodge at the Fresh Air Camp, Pinck-
ney, Mich.

Multipurpose Room in the Undergr.ad
Lib. at 8:30 p.m. Memberships sold at
the door.
Doctoral Examination for John Rich-
ard Bergan, Education and Psychology;
thesis: "A Study of the Relationships
between Pitch Perception, Imagery and
Regression in the Service of the Ego,"
today, 7715 Haven Hall, at 4:15 p.m. Co-
chairmen: J. B. Adelson and David
Wolsk.
'vents
Opening Tomorrow 8:00 p.m.: The
Univ. of Mich. Players of the Dept. of
Speech present the Opera Dept., School
of Music, in an English translation of
Puccini's great opera, "Madame Butter-
fly." Performances through Sat, at the
air-conditioned Lydia Mendelssohn The-
atre. Wed. and Thurs., $1.75, 1.25; Fri.
and Sat., $2.00, 1.50. Box office 12:30-5
today; 12:30-8 rest of week.
Placement
POSITION OPENINGS:
Management Consultants in Mass. -
Client firms have following openings:
ORGANIZATION
NOTICES
German Club, Coffee Hour, Aug. 7,
10-12 a.m. & 2-4 p.m., 4072 FB. German
Conversation, Music, Singing, Refresh-
ments. Herzlich willkommen!
U. of M. Friends of SNCC, Talk by
Robert Selwa on Civil Rights Activities
in Dearborn, Aug. 6, 8 p.m., Union, Rm.
3G; Freedom Jazz Festival-A.A. Jazz
Quartet & others, Aug. 9, 8 p.m., New-
man Center, 331 Thompson; A.A. Free-
dom Rally, Speech by John Lewis, chair-
man of SNCC, Aug. 26.

1) General Accountant-Degree Acc't.
Location: New Hampshire. Age 25-35.
2) Assistant to Controller-Degree. Age
28-30. 3-5 yrs. exper., with 2 yrs. audit-
ing. Must have solid acc't. knowledge &
ability. Location: Providence, Rhode Is-
land.
Bendix Corp., South Bend, Ind.-Com-
pany is reorganizing technical library
& is seeking the services of a Librarian
who will be responsible for performing
searches for current tech. & business
information pertinent to professional
staff activities. Either male or female.
Degree in Library Science & will con-
sider a recent grad.
Wolverine Shoe & Tanning Co., Rock-
ford, Mich.--Seeking Assistant Adver-
tising Manager to write copy for cata-
logues, some publicity, etc. Man with
BBA or Journalism degree. Prefer 2 yrs.
exper. in copywriting phase of adver-
tising.
The Sherwin-Williams Co., Chicago,
I1.-Opening for Wood Technologist.
BS in either Forestry or Wood Tech. &
must have completed some courses in
Chemistry. Prefer man who has ability
to meet & deal with people. Will be ex-
ploring the feasibility of adopting new
materials to possible commercial appli-
cation on interior wood finishes, in-
cluding furniture & wall paneling.
B. F. Goodrich Co., Akron, Ohio -
Many & various openings including: 1)
Building Products Sales-BS, pref. in an
Engrg. field. Several yrs. sales exper.
2) Sales Promotion Man-International
-Degree & thorough knowledge of in-
dustrial rubber products. Export sales
bkgd. preferred. Must be able to con-
ceive, plan, organize & execute pro-
grams to promote the sale of indus-
trial rubber products through overseas
salesmen & distributors. 3) Accounting
Trainee-Acc't. major. 4) Manager, Man-
agement & Computer Science - MS
Operations Res. or related science with
BS in Physical Sciences. Exper. in Op.
Res. applications required. 5) Mathema-
DIAL 2-6264
. .. . T E
"FLIPPER" Shown at 1:00
3:50-6:40 and 9:30
"Tom & Jerry at 2:40-5:30 & 8:30
YO U'L LHAVE
TO SEEIT TO

tician-BS or MS in applied math or
BSME with exper. in stress analysis.
Management Consultants in Ohio -
Seeking August graduates for Manage-
ment Training Programs. Interested in
students who have degree in Bus. Ad.,
Liberal Arts, or Industrial Engineering.
Also any graduates from the past year,
in the above classifications who have
not been successful in finding suitable
employment. Grads placed with many
of the companies will have the oppor-
tunity of doing graduate work at the
companies' expense.
* . .
Forafurther information, please call
General Div., Bureau of Appointments,
3200 SAB, Ext. 3544.
Part-Time
Employment
The following part-time jobs are
available. Applications for these jobs
can be made in the Part-time Place-
ment Office, 2200 Student Activities
Bldg. during the following hours: Mon.
thru Fri., 8 a.m. til 12 noon and 1:30
til 5 p.m.
Employers desirous of hiring students
for part-time or full-time temporary
work, should contact Bob Cope, Part-
time Interviewer at NO 3-1511, ext. 3553.
Students desiring miscellaneous odd
jobs should consult the bulletin board
in Room 2200.daily.
-Several half-time secretarial posi-
tions available with the Univ. 20
hours per week, mornings or after-
noons. These positions require of-
fice experience and the ability to
take dictation. Applicants should
come to this office to be tested and
interviewed.
We will not be taking applications
for fall positions until Aug. 12.

kc ~ , Yr,4 A z.4
k .f

SALE!
BACK-TO-CAMPUS
STRETCH
KNEE-HI SOCKS
1.59
3 PAIRS FOR 4.45
Regularly $2.. wool and
stretch nylon cable-stitch
knee-hi's, value-priced for
back-to-school wardrobes!
Charcoal, white, beige, red,
oxford grey, brown, navy,
black. One size fits 9 to 11.


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OPENING
TOMORROWA
8 P.M. in the air-conditioned
Lydia Mendelssohn Theatre
University Players
present
Opera Dept., School of Music in
Puccini s
MADAM


It.

a story of
passion,
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and death,
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