_ t German Education I Education Without a Harnes (Continued from Preceding Page) repulsion of Russia and the east- ern countries which it influences, like the reaction to the nighty challenge of American civilization, are contested ground. Indeed, the whole of German cultural life partment included not only the liberal arts such as philosophy, languages and history, but also mathematics and natural sciences. Nowadays, the latter two form separate departments, and the law school grew .to become a depart- ment of law, economics and politi- In Germany, the Student Is Allowed To Guide His Own LE By ERHARD LIPPMANN i t VS i , L . L V 'l . , U i V bristles with problems to which ;ai science. Agriculture, forestry, there are as yet few signs of a dentistry veterinary science, and permanent solution. en-inorLing for which independent The. German universities, until Hochschulen had been founded the beginning of the 20th century, towards the end of the 19th cen- consisted of four departments: tury were consequently absorbed theology, law, medicine, and phi- in the framework of the univer- losophy. The philosophical de- sities. The (.OLiEN AI'LES Itestaurant... features for your enjoyment CHICKEN . STEAK . SEAFOOD' SMORGASBORD SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH knows no national boundaries. It de- velops in all civilized countries according to the same laws, and its findings become the common property of all mankind. The work accomplished in the detached atmosphere of the in- stitutions of higher education establishes a spiritual tie between all who are dedicated to it with both soberness and passionate devotion. The term "science," as used in Germany, embraces both research and teaching I. e. the search fox new fields of experimentation and DEMONSTRATION-Members of the Communist Youth Organization of the East Berlin University march on Marx-Engels Plaza (Shelled street sign still bears the old name). Banners in foreground bear slogans like "The capital of Germany-meeting place of the united German youth," Placard in background shows boss of East German Communists, Walter Ulbricht. also BUFFET LUNCHEONS 11 A.M. - 2 P.M. ALL YOU CAN EAT for $1.00 Erhard Lippnain, a former exchange student here from the Free University of Berlin in Germany, knows both the Soviet and West German sys/ems of education having studied under both. He contribu/td an article on German fraternities to The Michigan Daily Magazine last spring. Mr. Lippmann returned to Germnany last week. ,i I TOWER HOTEL NO 2-4531 300 South Th ayer "^""° i THE FINEST .IN DINING! !, ,}. L.l ' , 1 * PRIME STEAKS TURKEY & CHICKEN * SEA FOOD BANQUET HALL AVAILABLE for all your Group Needs Large Parties or Small Gatherings Welcomed "Serl ing Ann Arbor students and residents for more than one-half centur)." PREKETES SUGAR BOWL THE OBJECTIVE of instruction at the universities is not onlys to impart a high degree of knowl- edge in the various spheres of1 learning, but also to-bring the stu- dents into close contact with sci- entific problems with a purpose to harmonizing theoretical knowl- edge with actual research. They are thus taught to form their own judgment and to carry out independent scientific re- search. Similar to the American system, the instruction is divided into lectures, exercises, seminars and practical work. In his lec- tures, the teacherpresents to the student the scientific material in question within specified bound- aries; in the exercises, teachers and students work together on some practical problem related to the lecture material. The seminars provide an opportunity for selected advanced students to do original research, while practical work, especially in the natural sciences and medicine, serves as an in- troduction to laboratory and clini- cal work. HE IDEA and the purpose of1 acEmi freedom are to train' the student to make independent, decisions to his own responsibility. His attendence at the lectures is never checked as in some other countries. All that is required of him is that, when taking an oral examination at the end of the scholastic year, midterm-exami- nations or degree examinations, he must give proof of a high stand- ard of knowledge, performance, and scientific appreciation. The manner in which he achieves that standard is in his own hands. He is completely free to a) select the university ac- cording to his own wishes and to change it whenever he de- sires, b) to attend lectures at his own discretion, c) to decide on the date of his final examinations, after having completed the mini- mum number of semesters as specified in the examination regulations, d) to select his lectures and professors. This principle of freedom, be- sides awakening the student's in- tellectual faculties, inculcates in him the strength of will and character which are essential to the academic man, THE INTELLECTUAL develop- ment in East Germany has, followed different principles. The ruling regime, like that of the Soviet Union itself, uses all means at its disposal to turn the students into "human beings of a new type." Science of the new type, too, is abandoning Western traditions and renouncing the despised "objectivism of bour- geois science." Scientific effort is no longer devoted to ascertaining the truth. The task of science has now be- come that of proving and spread- ing the dogmas and conceptions of Marxism - Leninism on party lines, in the course of both teach- ing and research. The natural sciences which in Soviet phraseology are concerned with "representing matter in the course of evolution" are guided in so far as a philosophic starting point is concerned by Communist ideology, which also supplies the key to their problems. To the social sciences (all spheres of the arts and sociology) the special task has been assigned of interpreting those teachings of Marxism - Leninism which noW rank as science. An extensive ap- paratus of supervision watches over the ideological fidelity of a particular science to the party line and simultaneously sees to it that the plans of the state are fulfilled. THE UNIVERSITY system in East Germany is close to the Soviet model, and all students are obliged to carry out a "sociological basic study" in Marxism-Leninism and dialectic and historical ma- rialism. The notion of genuine education in the sense of a "stu- dium generale" is being abandoned in favor of specialized studies. Instead of the traditional divi- sion of the scholastic year in se- mesters, there is only one, lasting for ten months, with extensive drill and supervision in the form of collective learning by heart of prescribedhtheses. The children of workers and peasants and of members of the party are given preference in the matter of studies. The "advanced intelligentsia" which the regime is producing in its universities is intended to replace at the earliest possible moment the bourgeois specialists who cannot at present be spared. However, most of these East German students are enduring their fate in embittered frustra- tion-many in a frame of mind of increasing resignation or even despair-yet all in the unshakable belief that the hour of reunion and revenge will strike. Thus, the puzzling fate of Ger- many, torn between ascendency and despair and ripped into three hermetically closed parts, is also demonstrated by its current two systems of higher education. Y ? ti' .',*.' +", .'fi f ?s :;ref,:a?:t:rxfistfir;.:t,..,.., +x.. v,:.. .,scx. rr..,"mr .".>-r ...st. . r . .x.x n xsrfi:.::axfis".".¢ - s -r-. a Yi P . " - s - .-6 - ---t-- - -- - --- (he Clk44,ic. la' gl&ue ,* f-f- Close felted Deep Blue woolen flannel ir single-breasted notch lapel and 3-button coo patchand flo ockets---enter vent-and s In addition this ever popular knockabout jac in our Piedmont model featuring lapped sea -and plain flap pockets. Also available in and Olive. Students Carry Out Research on Model Birds at Bonn University 109-111 S. Main Street NO 2-1414 i - to put you in sharp focus... PRESCRIPTION LENSES IN C AMPUS STYLES Men's 100% Wool Flannel Trousers $395 (regular $12.95 value) Also-Lenses and Frames Repaired Barnes-Hind Contact Lens Wetting Fluid Inner yard of the University of Marburg Have you been down to the little Arts and Crafts Shop at 209 S. State below Bob Marshall's Book Shop ? featurin g ARTS AND CRAFTS, MOSAICS and JEWELRY of all kinds -- very unusual gifts to take home to your loved ones for the Thanksgiving Holiday. Q 0 Ivy League or Regular Styles Assorted Colors Free Cuff Alterations c1tf;e1 ItET 4Rg0R( CAMPUS OPTICIANS p BRITISH IMPORTS 240 NICKELS ARCADE SAM'S STORE 122 E. Washington St. Sam J. Benjamin, '29 Lit., owner TAILORS CLOTHIERS - LAKE DESIGNS - 209 S. State St. - Below Bob Marshall's Book Shop COME DOWN AND BROWSE , . _... 1 119 3SOUTH UNIVERSITY#{ ~~i1~t tj t A& i~ tA &AAA AAA * a A . fr ., .y. U