Sixty-Ninth Year EDITED AND MANAGED BY STUDENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN UNDER AUTHORITY OF BOARD IN CONTROL OF STUDENT PUBLICATIONs STUDENT PUBLICATIONS BLDG. * ANN ARBOR, MICH. * Phone NO 2-3241 ' Internationad Students en Opinions Are Free Trutb Will Prevail" NIIIIIIIAMIAQ fs"ll PiflopQ ?iorials printed in The Michigan Daily express the individual opinions of staff writers or the editors. This must be noted in all reprints. )AY, NOVEMBER 23, 1958 NIGHT EDITOR: SUSAN HOLTZER State's Financial Wounds Force University To Limp By SELMA SAWAYA Daily Staff Writer P ROBABLY the most import- ant place on campus to nearly 1500 University students is the In- ternational Center. located be- tween West Quadrangle and the Union. The international students who comprise this large part of the University come from 80 differ- ent "political entities:" the exact .number of students is 1.456, wIth 136 visiting scholars and other ex- change visitors. Last spring, the total enrollment was very simi- lar: 1.522, of whom 1,427 were students, and the others exchange visitors. The number of students en- rolled in the University from the Far East and South-East Asia has decreased from last year; this fall the records show 592 students from this area, while there were 625 on campus during the past spring semester.> HE FULL IMPACT of the state's financial woes struck the local educational commu- y Thursday with the news that the Univer- y may have to go into debt to meet its De- nber payroll. The state, which has been paying off its bills fund-starved agencies which cannot bor- v, has been neglecting its monthly Install- mnts not only to the University, but to Michi- -n State and Wayne State as well. MSU finally decided Thursday that it could longer go on without more funds and au- >rized borrowing of nearly one million dollars meet its month-end payroll. Wayne State, :ause it receives one-third of its operating nds from the Detroit Board of Education, is t in as serious a predicament.I How much longer the University can hold on nains to be seen. But if the state does not ickly catch up on its back payments (it al- idy owes five million dollars, going on seven d one-half), indications are that the Uni- 'sity will be forced to borrow. CERTAINLY the situation is a mess and Is a poor footnote to the state's financial crisis. It is unfortunate but probably necessary that the state has chosen to slight the larger insti- tutions temporarily, while trying to pay off Aits other debts. When and how will the situation be eased? One hopeful sign is that money will come in the form of student fees next semester. But this will provide only temporary relief, since the fees would soon be almost spent, as they have this semester. The ultimate and practical solution exists in a revision of the state's garbled tax program, which might be forthcoming in the next legis- lative session. The lawmakers have a gigantic problem. They must pay off some 65 million dol- lars in debts and the best way of doing this may lie in some sort of combined business and personal income tax. Until the state finds the revenue, the Uni- versity may just have to limp along and like it. -THOMAS HAYDEN -Daily--William Kimba ll INTEGRATION AND FINANCES: Problems Face Foreign Students Social .. International Week Misses Aim [P UNIVERSITY'S second annual Interna- lional Week ended with a gala world's fair he Union yesterday. Iscussing the purpose of the project, jointly nsored by several campus organizations, Bob ove, ISA's first "native" vice-president, said a means to understanding between foreign American students. e also called the week-long program an il- ration of "the possibility of dynamic ex- :ige of values on an international basis" and result of "a growing interest in a growing ign student program," IANTED, the program has created much interest in the University's program for its rnational students. ue to an extensive publicity campaign and name" performers as drawing cards, the k's festivities have been made known to ev- ne on campus who reads newspapers, looks osters or listens to the radio. ow that the activities of the week have ed, a retrospective appraisal brings up an resting question. Beneath all the gloss and busiastic plans for the International Week, what happened to its original purpose-promo- tion of international understanding? Commendable as the basic idea was, only a few students, unfortunately, were able to take advantage of the chance to meet foreign stu- dents personally. Only these few people real- ized the true significance of International Week. Tl;e idea of an all-campus International Week to promote mutual understanding be- tween University students representing some 81 countries of the world is good. BUT THE PERSONAL aspect of the project was lacking. Broad, general views of the world situation were covered well by the speak- ers; differing cultures will be displayed at the fair and the Monte Carlo Ball provided an ex- perience in international social integration. Ostensibly the week has been a great success, but actually it has failed to fulfill its original purpose-mutual understanding between indi- vidual students. A lot has been said about, but not enough heard from foreign students this week. -JEAN HARTWIG By JEAN HARTWIG Daily Staff Writer PROMOTING social integration between foreign and American students is one of the Internation- al Students' Association's most important and challenging duties. Although many of the 1600 in- ternational students at the Uni- versity are in graduate school and concerned with serious academic study, most of them do want to mix socially with Americans, ac- cording to Puthigai Krishnamur- thy, Grad., president of the In- ternational Students Associataion. To give foreign and American students an opportunity to meet and become acquainted, the ISA has, besides its usual Thursday afternoon teas, a special social function once a month to which all its members are invited. The evenings, usually developed around the culture of a certain country, feature dancing, refresh- ments and a floorshow depicting native songs and dances. "These affairs are 'stag or drag'," Krishnamurthy said, "but most of the people that come don't bring dates and there are always more boys than girls." EXPLAINING why such a "big chunk" of foreign students don't date at the University, he said that many of them aren't in an "atmosphere" conducive to such an activity. Many students, especially those from Oriental countries, are not used to the American social cus- toms and feel inferior and inse- cure in situations requiring social grace. Language is also a barrier to effective social integration when the foreign student first arrives in this country, but "usually doesn't apply after his first se- mester here," according to Krish- namurthy. "The majority of house moth- ers and girls do look down on girls who date foreign students," he commented when asked about the instance two years ago of the University housemother who cited a woman dating a foreign stu- dent as "hard up for a date." BLIND DATING plans are a help in alleviating the dating problem, but sometimes are diffi- cult to arrange because of the rep- utations acquired by foreign stu- dents who have the wrong ideas about America's so-called "liber- al" dating customs. One petite, dark-haired student from Cuba, where a chaperone is present at every date, has devel- oped a regular "line" which she recites at the beginning of each date. A.fter preliminary discus- sions of the weather and other trivia, she bluntly says that in Cuba girls never kiss boys good night and she has no intention of breaking the custom while she is in this country. She finds this technique very effective in developing a mutual understanding. Not all sight-unseen interna- tional dating is successful, how- ever, as was demonstrated by a recent experience of a picnic ar- ranged by the International Cen- ter in conjunction with another campus organization. Plans called for the I8A to round up 45 boys and the other group a like number of girls for an excursion to a campsite out- side Ann Arbor, "When we found out 45 girls had signed up,we had to aoout and get 45 boys, but we finally managed to sign them up," Krish- namurthy said. "When only three girls showed up for the actual event, it put a complete damper on the boys' spirits." Economc... By KATHLEEN MOORE Daily Staff Writer rpHE INTERNATIONAL student attending the University has a relatively much larger financial burden than the American stu- dent on campus, as' both James M. Davis, director of the International Center, and P. Krishnamurthy, president of the International Students'Association, pointed out recently. Davis emphasized that the United States has a higher cost of living index than nearly any other country in the world, with the exception of Caracas, and the Ann Arbor index is one of the highest in the country. The problem is further compli- cated by the fact that the student must pay for his University edu- cation in dollars, with the ex- change rate, although varying from country to country, essen- tially unfavorable to the average citizen. Currency exchange rates arg strictly controlled by most coun- tries. Some offer special rates to the student, but even these fall short of an equal exchange, in terms of what money will buy, of native currency for American dol- lars, which seem to° be at a pre- mium in every nation in the world. THE EXCHANGE rate also tends to have a controlling effect on the number of students coming from each country. It is not stable, but "varies with local conditions," Da- vis explained, so that a "country who finds its dollar supply run- ning low will tighten up on its stu- dents," enabling less to come to the United States for university work. Despite the high cost of a Uni- versity education for international students, most are financed by their parents, as are the majority of American students. But there are a number of ways in which a student may pay for his education. Approximately 200 of the 1600 international students, from 24 or 25 different countries, are sponsored by programs of their own governments this year, Davis said. The United States government grants, totalling a little over 100 this year, are given on a basis of rigorous competition or "by vir- tue of a position pin which the student's training abroad would 'be helpful," Davis commented. One of the outstanding examples of the latter is the large number of students on public health grants. University grants, Davis con- tinued, are relatively few, arid the ones that amount to anything are usually research grants. Exchange programs are rare, but a few exist. SOME STUDENTS, although "percentage-wise they do not count up very fast" according to Davis, supplement their financial re- sources by obtaining part-time jobs.- Davis, while saying that he saw no signs of discrimination by em- ployers, narrowed job ,opportuni- ties to two areas: waiters at the Union and the League, and re- search assistants in University de- partments. Krishnamurthy, on the other hand, sees definite evidence of dis- crimination, not in the University,, but in the city. He described an in- cident last fall in which an em- ployer advertised for employees, with'the connotation, "white only need apply." Although he did not venture to Interpret the incident, he said in- ternational students who find jobs in Ann Arbor are probably hired for two reasons: there may be a shortage of labor or employers may feel they can pay the students lower salaries. lU 4 1tilG>"! a s ". FROM the region of Africa designated as "other than North" by the Center, 18 students have enrolled in the University this fall, as compared with 25 frot this area last spring. Another decrease is noted in the number of students enrolled from the European countries, which Includes permanent resi- dents from Eastern Europe -- i.e., communist-dominated countries. The total enrollment from this region is 198 this year, and it was 249 last spring, Similarly, in the Australia-New Zealand group, the enrollment has decreased this year by one - from four last year to three this fall. TO COUNTERBALANCE these decreases, however, the Latin American and Caribbean area countries have increased their en- rollment by 20 - from 218 to 238. The Near East and North Africa have also upped the number of student representatives from those countries by 24. last year's enrollment being 196. Our northern neighbor, Canada, has the largest single enrollment of any country (188); India has the second largest group (178), while Tanganyika, Surinam, Tu- nisia, Rhodesia, Singapore, New Zealand, Dominican Republic, Haiti, Iceland and the Bahamas each claim only one student en- rolled in the University this fall. IN TUNISIA: Students' Form Union (EDITOR'S NOTE: The following look at student government in an- other country was submitted by Ah- med Beikhoda,. wi is attending the University through the Foreign Stu- dent Leadership Project, sponsore by the National Students Association) By AHMED BELKHODJA ONE OF THE major movements in Tunisia today is the Gener- al Union of Tunisian Students "UGET" It was created clandes- tinely at Tunis in the midst of the national struggle of the Tunisian people, Its statutes were drawn up at its first National Congress held in Pais during July 1953. From the outset, the UGET declared its resolution to procure the best pos- sible living and studying condi- tions for Tunisian students par tl~ul"rlyby' Isuring :their phyi. cal, moral and intellectual we fare, and by guaranteeing them the right to education, The UGET is directed by an Ad- ministrative committee of 24 ,nembers, which elects a Secretary General and an Executive commit- tee. The organization is based on sections: every educational estab- ishment has its section and sev-. eral sections together form a Fed- eration. The UGET today includes 38 sections and. three Federations, Federation of Tunis, Federation of France and Federation of the East. The activities of the UGET are many and varied. Internally, apart from its occupations as a profes- sional movement, it is intensely active in the cultural field; it plays the greatest part in youth activities. Internationally speak- ing, the UGET has, constantly had friendly contacts and cooperations with a large number of student unions. itI sa nmember of the in- ternational Conference of Stu- dents (ICS-COSEC) and is af- filiated with the rank of assocat- ed member, with the International Union of Students. HAVING THUS established it- self internally and externally, the UGET started since 1956 to work" toward the unity of the three stu- dent movements in North Africa; the Algerian Students Union and the Moroccan. This preparation toward a North African Federa- tion is undoubtedly inspired by the common struggles of fhe three brother countries throughout the French occupation. Students, therefore, being in some sense the leaders of the vast population through their organizations can plan ahead whatever they think to bethe best solution of their country's problems, Thus, even before Tangiers' C o n f e re nece, where the heads of the three poli- tical movements met in 1957 to plan a framework toward a North African Conferedation on the po- litical level; the students by their influence and power achieved their goal last August in a Con- gress held in Tunis. The North Afrcian Confederation of Students is today a reality. It is formed by 10 executive members of each one of the three national movements' OFFEE... . BLACK By Richard Taub Independence THOSE WHO haven't noticed it before, e University is a pretty paternalistic place. are all kinds of people scattered through- e campus whose job is to look out for the its welfare-in some instances whether udent likes it or not. re are professors who take attendance g sure that students attend their classes or four times a week, whether the classes >rth attending or not. There are even pro- s who give quizzes to make sure the stu- keep up, University also has a large and elaborate eling system which it is continuously re- ting. In one area, academic, freshmen, mores, juniors and seniors all have to their proposed academic schedules ap- J by counsellors. independent fraternity and sorority sys- are supervised by representatives from ean of Men's and Dean of Women's of- and students in the dormitories have .ate" supervision, ENTS OF freshman girls even get letters ling how well their daughters are doing. men and women's residence halls keep is on their residents, keeping track of adjustment, personality, and general be- submit that all of this should not be; that its come here because they wish a col- lucation (or perhaps a spouse), and that hould be responsible for getting it; that mly way students are going to grow or v, is to learn how to go it alone; that dents flunk out of school because they > attend classes or read assignments it r own fault; that if an upper classman is >le to work out his own schedule satis- ly he should not be here; that a student's ality is nobody's business but the stu- as long as it does not inconvenience the people with whom he lives; that even if :ormitory a girl insists on playing the f Spring on her new high fidelity set stereophonic sound top volume, this is he business of her neighbors who ought able to control it anyway. ; writer does not object to counselling But this is a university, not a child care The aspects of the problem are many, is article will only deal with the academic k future one will deal with living patterns. that time is not far off when they will have nobody around to tell them what to do. Be- cause most counsellors are pretty non-directive students get angry with them, but actually these are the counsellors who are doing the students the greatest service. Students frequently want too much from their counsellors. Many counsellors find that their first job is to make sure that the student has read the Bulletin. In fact, because of past experience some even make it a practice to hand the book to an incoming student and make him go out and read it usually for the first time, (OUNSELLORS ARE frequently not in a posi- tion to recommend courses or to know much about their content-the bulletin here isn't much of a help either. But there is little to prevent students from going to ask different teachers about their own courses. However, there is one way in which the' counselling offices are too restrictive-and that is on their insistence that all election cards be stamped by someone in their offices. Admittedly this is a good idea for freshmen who have been thrown into entirely new surroundings. But we fail to understand the value of a concept for upperclassmen which forcesthem to be counseled whether they want to or not, If a student is not sure about what he should do, it's a good idea for him to see a counsellor. But if a junior or senior knows what to do, there is no reason for him to have to see a counsellor. If he elects the wrong courses, it is his own fault and he can attend summer school or go to school an extra semester. This should not be the University's concern. And just walking into a counsellor's office to get a rubber stamp, cannot serve to height- en respect for counsellors or the University. THE IDEA OF TAKING attendance in class or giving quizzes to make sure that students keep up is equally prepostorous. If a student doesn't attend class or doesn't keep up, it is his own responsibility and nobody else's. After all he has come here for his education and if he doesn't get it it is his tough luck. Frequently, it might be added, it is to the student's ad- vantage not to attend classes regularly. In- dependent research, or the pursuit of some special problem in another course may make It educationally worth while to slack off in one area to compensate for the other. -Daily-Peter Anderson AT THE FAIR-Students gathered to see the displays at yesterday's World Fair. The displays were set up by the different nationality, clubs, with the students decorating their booths with articles from their own countries. The fair was the final event of International Week. CLOSER TO CURRENT ISSUES: Foreign Students Exhibit Deep Political Awareness By CHARLES STEGMEIR Daily Staff Writer 'WHEN POLITICS come up for discussion on the campus, it isn't surprising to se a large number of interested foreign students tak- ing part. Some times the foreign students are the only ones who seem vitally concerned with this important area of human responsibility. This was pretty clearly shown on Oct. 31 at Hyde Park--U of M when politics- national and international-were edged out by other topics such as bo- hemianism and university regulations in talks given by American stu- dents. For foreign students, however, political topics were great topics of interest, with Arab, Indian, and Israeli students all voicing their opinions. * * * THIS WOULD SEEM to indicate that, although American students here may be more politically aware than indicated in discussions and attendance at political functions, their interest does not run as deep as that displayed by most foreign students. P. Krishnamurthy, Grad., president of the International Students, Association, declared in a recent interview, that the intense political interest of students from middle and far eastern Asia is due to the cur- rent or recent struggles in most of the nations of this area to achieve and maintain independence. He suggested that the great political aware- ally foreign students take a hands off attitude toward politics because of disgust with politicians in their native land, or because of terrible ex- periences that have resulted from political activity. A Hungarian student on campus expressed this feeling when he explained that politicians had ruined his country and that their actions had meant nothing but unhappiness for him. However, since the great majority of foreign students do feel so deeply about the importance of political awareness, the campus benefits from the political knowledge they spread through class contributions and conversations. / r~i U , iu u