The Human Range C14r Si:ft. an aI& Sixty-Ninth Year EDITED AND MANAGED BY STUDENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN UNDER AUTHORITY OF BOARD IN CONTROL OF STUDENT PUBLICATIONS STUDENT PUBLICATIONS BLDG. * ANN ARBOR, MICH. 0 Phone No 2-3241 "When opinions Ae Free Truth Will PrevaiU" Editorials printed in The Michigan Daily express the individual opinions of staff writers or the editors. This must be noted in all reprints. THURSDAY, OCTOBER 16, 1958 NIGHT EDITOR: LANE VANDERSLICE AT THE STATE 'Defiant Ones' Power ful Drama SPECTACULAR extravaganzas in the grand style have been the piece de resistance of American cinematography for so many years that even post-Chayefsky Hollywood is not yet quite at. ease on the small dark screen. A great many pseudo-serious films have been made in this country in the past decade or so, but most of them, in their attempts to be "deep" are either trivial, obviousor only superficially meaningful. One of the few directors who has fairly consistently avoided the sweetness-and-light approach to screen entertainment is Stanley Kramer. Director of "On the Waterfront" and "The Wild One," his films have been-if not serious-at least hardboiled, the closest Hollywood equivalent. Kramer's pictures are neither complex nor vastly symbolic; they are, nevertheless, powerful and give evidence to an increasing dramatic maturity in the man's powers of direction and growing mastery of his chosen artistic medium. All of which brings us to Kramer's latest production, "The Defiant Ones." It seems to be a fine film. Using characteristically "realistic" techniques, the director has produced a movie which is straightforward 4 Eisenhower Hides Behind Bi-Partisan Appeal NEXT TO STAMPING something "top secret," it should not attempt to avoid it. In the hack- calling it "bipartisan" is probably the neyed phrase, that isn't the way the American easiest way of avoiding criticism on a specific political system works. issue. The President, however, has drawn a distinc- Thus President Eisenhower, under fire on tion between criticizing basic foreign policy and foreign policy, is currently telling the country criticizing its day-to-day application-the latter our international relations should be kept out is permissible. How he intends to enforce this of politics, handled on a bipartisan basis, with policy, where he intends to draw the line, are" no public criticism from congressmen or sen- points he does not discuss. ators. Bipartisan in the best sense should be prac- UNFORTUNATELY, this is not sufficient. ticed in every field of public affairs. Consulta- Without full, free public examination of tion between members of both parties on all any policy, including foreign, the government major subjects is certainly desirable, with the and Congress are failing their obligation to the final policy being a compromise, perhaps, or the public. For the President of the United States will of a majority, to deplore someone making a charge and some- Nor should foreign policy or any other public one else answering him is singularly inappro- concern be looked upon as a fertile field for priate. Bipartisanship is too handy a tag; too self-seeking politicians. Thus far, one can go much cansbe covered in it that should be ex- along with the President. posed to the light. Too much has been, in the past, just as too much is classified to avoid EYOND THIS POINT, bipartisanship is use- embarrassment. less and worse. Foreign policy is not a sacred The present position of the administration cow; the administration has no business at- leans to a paternalistic, "let-us-handle-every- tempting to stifle criticism by calling on all thing" attitude that can be a cover for mis- hands to join in a non-political approach. takes. Full discussion of policy, with charges Rather it should invite criticism from those and countercharges is to be preferred. opposed to it, both public and private. It may --JOHN WEICHER reject or accept that criticismli as it sees fit, but City Editor Library Fines Beneficial LETTERS TO THE EDITOR: Egypt, SGC Draw Comment THE INCREASED library fines for overdue books, although seemingly stiff, should benefit the entire student body. With the opening of the Undergraduate Li- brary last semester, book circulation soared, but so did the frequency of late returns and book losses. Students often had to wait a few days for a reserved book because someone had forgotten to return it promptly. Reference books also were often unobtainable because of loss. The idea of book thefts being a problem in an: academic community is somewhat incon- grous, but the situation exists. Faced with find- ing an efficient method of curtailing accidental losses and deliberate thefts, the University li brary department has devised a system of fines and penalties. The new penalty for stealing a book is a $100 fine and possible suspension from the Univer- sity. When the regulation is fully enforced, in- centives for acting honestly should be more than sufficient and book losses ought to drop accordingly. O VERDUE BOOKS, the other increasingly difficult problem, will have much larger fines attached to them when the new policy goes into effect. The success with which these new fines will reduce the number of overdue books can be prophesied by a simple arithmetic calculation. A nickel per day fine is insignifi- cant, but multiplied by five, the fine jumps to such proportions that it can no longer be ignored and discounted. On a university campus, even one this size, losses and late returns ideally should not occur at all. But they do and they have to be cur- tailed. Perhaps economics will prove to be a more forceful deterrent than mere social obli- gation has been. --KATHLEEN MOORE To the Editor: SUNDAY'S editorial-page article entitled "Russia Works With Egypt's Needs" exhibits disap- pointing and somewhat infuriat- ing points of view of both the writer, Selma Sawaya, and Egyp- tian student Mohamed El-Afandi. Twice, Miss Sawaya character- izes Russia As "friends" of Egypt. (". . . the Soviet Union has tried to make friends with their trade programs .. ."; and "... the So- viets have already helped their Egyptian friends ..." Mr. El-Afandi is reported as as- serting that "it is the refusal of the U.S. and the West in general to cooperate in any way with his country that made Nasser turn to the Soviet doorstep." A few lines later, Mr. El-Afandi says that "the United States wants the recipient of its gifts to feel de- pendent, to feel beholden.. ." Ap- parently, the complaint of refusal to cooperate "in any way" is real- ly a petulant accusation of im- perialism. Mr. El-Afandi goes on to conclude that "Communism is very far from Egypt . . . In fact, there is a law which forbids Com- munism . . . The people them- selves have no interest in this form of government; it is against their religion." Disappointing is Miss Sawaya's identification of the Soviet as "friends";, Hungary need hardly be mentioned in denying Russia's friendly intentions. More disap- pointing is Mr. El-Afandi's justi- fication for Nasser's courting of the Soviet: our refusal to cooper- ate. Nasser is a dictator who holds power by fanning convenient hatreds of the masses he subju- gates; democracy goes begging. Does Mr. El-Afandi really expect our unequivocal cooperation un- der such circumstances? America has its ideals, and in the eyes of some is immature enough to in- sist that those receiving our aid subscribe to these ideals. Most disappointing (and indicative of the great danger confronting Egypt) is that Mr. El-Afandi pre- sents his nation's laws and reli- gion as deterrents to the Commu- nist menace. Czarist Russia pos- sessed such deterrents to an abundance. I am disappointed by Miss Sa- waya's and Mr. El-Afandi's fail- ure to discern the full implica- tions of Russia's "friendship." And as an American proud of our overall aims in foreign policy, I am angered that an Egyptian stu- dying in America (thus having the valuable opportunity of seeing for himself) still cleaves to the intemperate idea that we are a pack of imperialists. -Ernest Zaplitny, Grad. Clarification To the Editor: IWOULD like to clarify a state- ment attributed to me in the October 14, 1958 issue of The Michigan Daily, regarding the ac- tion of the Cornell chapter of Sigma Kappa in returning its charter to National Sigma. Kappa. The story said that I "gave two interpretations to the Cornell group's move. Either they don't want to have anything to do with a national which discriminates or they are tired of being 'held in abeyance.'" The above words, taken out of context as they are, could easily give the false impression that this is my personal interpretation of the reasoning behind the Cornell, group's action. They were part of a statement intended to describe how this action affected my per- sonal view of the Sigma Kappa issue on this campus. The state- ment was not intended to specu- late on why the Cornell chapter acted in the way it did. I would like to make two things clear: 1) I hardly consider my- self qualified to comment on the motives of the Cornell group. The views quoted are two out of many possible interpretations and not necessarily my own. 2) My per- sonal view of the Sigma Kappa issue on this campus has not been changed by the action of the Cor- nell chapter. My vote on the question which came before StudentGovernment Council was caused by a belief that National Sigma Kappa had re- solved its violation of University regulations and not by the feel- ings of the members of the Cor- nell chapter. Any action taken by this local chapter is hardly evi- dence of the policy of the Na- tional. --Fred Merrill, '59 TODAY AND TOMORROW: For Two Chinas By WALTER LIPPMANN and exciting. Kramer seems to have resisted the temptation to impose a false depth upon the picture, and the result of his abstinence is the surprising achievement of real depth and un- pretentious-although wild-effec- tiveness. * s * THE STORY of a man's neces- sary involvement with other men, and of the movement of the indi- vidual from isolation of commit- ment has been presented dramati- cally many times in many ways. In this particular film, two con- victs, manacled together by a few inches of heavy chain, become caught against their will in a web of physical and emotional depen- dencies upon each other. The men, one Negro and one white, escape from a wrecked truck in an automobile accident and set out across the Southern swamps pursued by dogs and men. Hating each other to begin with, and proudly proclaiming their loneli- ness and self-sufficiency, they are similar in their resentment of the worlds they have known and their realization of man's inability to communicate with other men. Gradually, however, and with much rebellion, both men begin to realize that they need each other in their flight to freedom. When the manacles are finally broken off, Colored and the Joker find themselves still linked by a chain of involvement which is stronger than that provided by the prison. And then they stop running-this linkage providing perhaps a great- er freedom in its commitment than liberty in its self-imposed isola- tion. "The Defiant Ones" is a well- focused, well-unified film. The theme of the main story is rein- forced by the introduction of oc- casional episodes in the "hunters"a camp, where the sheriff in charge attempts to convince his under- lings that "these are men we're hunting, not rabbits!" Sensitive acting, especially on the part of Tony Curtis and Sidney Poitier, the stars, further intensi- fies the effectiveness of the film. To see it Is a rather overwhelming experience. -Jean Willoughby AT CINEMA GUILD: 'Shoeshine' Polished IF IT IS RIGHT that truth is beauty, then "Shoeshine" is a beautiful picture. Vittorio DeSica was, and still is, the most suc- cessful, of the Italian school of post-war film making now known as neo-realism. "Shoeshine" was one of the first of these films; it remains one of the best. DeSica shows (as did - all neo- realists) an exact view of life among ordinary people. Ile does this poignantly and compassion- ately. The story itself tells of two street urchins who are being used by black marketeers. When they are captured and jailed, the police turn friend against friend, making what was love turn into hatred and violence. The story is harsh, yet refrains from being bitter; it merely shows facts. DeSica's cameras follow the action without trying to edito- ialize; he makes no good people and no bad people, no one is right. and no one is wrong: they are only human. This objectivity is admirable. DeSica leaves judgement to the viewers, letting their conscience and intelligence lead to the social reform he felt necessary. In his own Italy, he helped to achieve it. "This is the way things are," said Roberto Rossellini, a con- temporary of DeSica, of the neo- realistic presentation. Out of the squalor of post war Italian life comes beauty. It is beauty in that it is truth, it is beauty in that it is intensely human. "Shoeshine" is a classic example of neo-realism, a school that has been maligned and degraded by later films which proved more sensational than realistic. For any- one interested in styles of film acting and direction, this film is a must; for those less interested INTERPRETING: Victory Controversy By J. M. ROBERTS Associated Press News Analyst NO ONE who studies war can fail to be impressed by the admir- able speed and flexibility of the American armies and groups of armies, and the adaptiveness of commanders and their troops to the swiftly changing conditions of modern battles on the greatest scale." That's what Winston Churchill wrote to General Dwight Eisen- hower on March 9, 1945, after the allied sweep across the Rhine. "I am glad," he continued, "The British and Canadian armies in the north should have played a part in your far-reaching and triumphant combinations." Churchill also has said, however, that prior to this time the effort of General (now Field Marshal Viscount) Montgomery to promote a single,unifiednorthern thrust into Germany, under his co- mand, fully represented Britisl war policy. Montgomery now says that Pres- ident Eisenhower's refusal to listen, to him prolonged the war for sev- eral months. The old controversy has, been renewed by publication of Mont- gomery's memoirs. Always known as a curmudgeon, the hero of Alemain maintains the reputation with his fervor. He's still willing to argue with a winner. As Montgomery tells it, he was once so eager to take over Brad ley's armies-he had already taken over Simpson's-that he suggested General Eisenhower come to 'see him about it. He said he was too busy on the low countries front to go to headquarters. THAT IS typical of the intensity with which General Montgomery carried on his campaign, repeated- ly apparent in the memoranda he sent the supreme commander. He lost. General Eisenhower stuck to his original plan for ad- vancing into Germany on a broad front, not bypassing any important German forces, regardless of the vast supply difficulties. Montgomery makes a plausible case. It is obvious he had Churchill behind him, though the Prime Minister shelved all recriminations after ultimate success. President Eisenhower's only re- ply to Montgomery is that Europe was cleared of the German force 11 months after the Normandy landings. He seems to think that was pretty good. The President and de Gaulle are the only big time war leaders now active in world affairs. To them, war must seem a simple affair as compared with their cur- rent problems, and 14 years is a long time ago. President Eisenhower hasn't much time to worry about Mont- gomery. DAILY OFFICIAL BULLETIN The Daily Official Bulletin is an official publication of The Univer- sity of Michigan for which The Michigan Daily assumes no edi- torial responsibility. Notices should be sent in TYPEWRITTEN form to Room 3519 Administration Build- ing, before 2 p.m. the day preceding publication. Notices for Sunday Daily due at 2:00 p.m. Fridy. THURSDAY, OCTOBER 16, 1959 VOL. LXIX, NO. 26 General Notices The next "Flu Shot" clinic for stu- dents, staff and employees will be held in Rm. 58 (basement) of the Health Service Thurs., Oct. 16 only. Hours are 8:00-11:30 a.m. and 1:00-4:30 p.m. Pro- ceed directly to basement, fill out forms, pay fee ($1.00) and receive in- jection. Persons who received their first "Flu Shots" 2 weeks ago are urged to return at this time for their second "Flu Shot." The next "Polio Shot" clinic for students will be held in the same room, Thurs., Oct. 23. The hours and procedures are the same as above for "Flu." MOST PROBABLY, Red China has extended the cease-fire for another two weeks in order to promote American negotiations with Chiang for a disengagement at Quemoy. The statement by the official Communist news agency does not say this. In fact, it calls for a direct talk between the two Chinese gov- ernments - the United States excluded and ignored as an interloper. But Peiping knows perfectly well that the concrete question Is whether Chiang will withdraw his troops from Quemoy, and that it is Washington, not Pei- ping, which alone can persuadehim to do this. The American policy is to persuade him to bring his troops back to Formosa when there is a cease-fire. The Red Chinese have - for the second time ordered, a cease-fire, manifestly because they now 'expect us to make some moves to carry out our part of the bargain. Moreover, the Red Chinese have accompanied the cease-fire with strong intimations that their military objective is Quemoy and the off- shore islands, not Formosa, and that they do not have military plans against Formosa it- self. These intimations, which come from many quarters, are meant to relieve the President of any commitment to preserve Quemoy, since it is only in relation to the defense of Formosa that he has any right or duty to intervene at Quemoy. THE CRUCIAL QUESTION for us is whether we should take as the basis of our policy the proposition that Formosa is separate from the offshore islands. In saying that we should deal with them separately, we do not need to rely on what Peiping has been saying to I~tr~oautDa-l neutral governments and perhaps in veiled language to us. The conclusive reason for be- lieving that the Chinese Communists will not attack Formosa is that they lack any military capacity to attack Formosa. The Strait of Formosa is a hundred miles wide, and in it is the 7th Fleet, the most formidable instrument of sea-and-air power in the world. Peiping has no navy. It has no com- parable air force. There is not the slightest indication that they are mounting a force to conquer Formosa. As a military problem, the Allied landing in Normandy in the second World War was easy as compared with what it would take to knock out the 7th Fleet and land on Formosa. THIS IS, as it used to be fashionable to say, a position of strength upon which Ameri- can policy should be based. What is the ob- jective of our policy? In the last analysis it is to preserve Formosa's independence from the mainland, to preserve it as an independent center of non-Communist Chinese culture and to keep it militarily neutralized. Now, the fact is that both Chinas, Mao's China and Chiang's China, are in principle opposed to such a two - China settlement. Neither will now agree to it. But that does not mean that it is not the best solution and that it will not in the course of time be accepted. Even if it is not formally agreed to, the United States has the power to maintain a two-China policy de facto. For Mao cannot invade For- mosa and Chiang cannot invade the main- land. In terms of the power politics which underlie the whole problem, a separate For- mosa, unentangled on the mainland and its offshore islands, is for the time being as feasible as it is desirable. WHAT IS FAR from clear is whether For- mosa, which cannot be conquered from the mainland, will by an internal revolution decide to join the mainland. This is what the Red Chinese are proposing, and all their hopes of absorbing Formosa rest on this idea. There are some who have been in Formosa and believe that after a bad start the Chiang regime is doing rather well, and that. it may survive Chiang himself. They may be right. For myself, I do not know, though I have al- ways supposed that our entanglement with Chiang and his excessively enthusiastic friends here at home would end in a disaster. In this disaster, brought on by some kind of foolish- AGAINST ANTI-INTELLECTUALISM: In Defense of the 'Young Rebel' By RALPH LANGER Daily Staff Writer A RECENT article by Associated Press feature writer Saul Pett denounces the "young intellectual" and advocates a counter-attack by "we dull old people." Pett imagines the young intel- lectual as lolling about his college room wearing sandals, khaki pants and a white T-shirt, apparently the standard rebel equipment. Esoteric jazz records are in abun- dance along with books on Zen- Buddhism and existentialism. Jap- anese floor mats replace the chairs of a normal room. THIS OF COURSE is a stereo- typing of a numerically insignifi- cant minority who think their main mission in life is to grow beards and wear sloppy clothes. These people are insignificant both in terms of number and in terms of impact on society. But the real rebel does perform a positive function for society. He isn't the answer to the world's prayers but does deflate a few stuffed shirts and keeps the "mire of its self-centeredness," from becoming solidified. Pett says ". . .in every way, he will make you feel drab, dull, old, old-fashioned, and a creature of habit, conformity, and fear." He describes the rebel as anyone who thinks people over 30, mar- ried, with children, a house and routine, are at best. itiful: at long hard look at their life and how they're living it. They may be wearing gray flannel T-shirts and they don't fear the opinions of "rebels." Pett suggests that it's easy to be a rebel because "no one is as safe as the amateur (at living)." Non- sense. No one is as safe as the soul- less, unimaginative clod. No one can bother him. He's asleep. The people who feel uncom- fortable in the company of an individual who "quotes Kafka and Sartre ... or orders a vodka mar- tini like he invented it with a brand you never heard of," are merely embarrassed that their dull, drab, old, old-fashioned selves are showing. They are afraid of looking at what they have become. Their habits, conformities, and fears make them blush. And they should. Rebels may not have causes but they do fill a need. Editorial Staff RICHARD TAUB, Editor MICHAEL KRAFT Jo] Editorial Director DHN WEICHER City Editor DAVID TARR Associate Editor DALE CANTOR..................Personnel Director JEAN WILLOUGHBY.....Associate Editorial Drector BEATA JORGENSON ...........Associate City Editor ELIZABETH ERSKINE....Associate Personnel Director ALAN JONES ..:°.....,. ... .......... ... Sports Editor CARL RISEMAN.............Associate Sports Editor SI COLEMAN . . . . ....Associate Sports Editor DAVID ARNOLD................,Chief Photographer Rud."Pere. ('#.4 ..~ U .tt.