t . Discrimination in Fraternities, (EDITOR'S NOTE: Following is the first in a series of seven articles discussing discrimination in fraternities at the University. The study is based on research, conferences with Interfraternity Council members, fraternity presidents and members, and editors of other college newspapers.) The social fraternity defends the individual's right to liberty and equality of opportunity. -From, "Principles of Demotracy," statement of the National Inter fraternity Council, 1941 i e it~ :413ALti1 Sixty-Eight Years of Editorial Freedom VOL. LXIX, No. 151 ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN; SATURDAY, MAY 2, 1959 FIVE CENTS SIX By THOMAS HAYDEN The declaration of principles quoted above can be found on the walls of a vast number of fraternity houses across,;America. But whether or not the social-fraternity does, in practice defend r the principle of "liberty and equality of opportunity" is a co'mplex, controversial, and perhaps imponderable question. Particularly in this decade, there has been expression of a strong. and heated feeling, both nationally and locally, regarding the existence within fraternities of membership policies restricting individuals because of religion and ancestry. Some call it selectivity, others bias or discrimination. The differ- ence is a fine, but distinct, one. Selectivity 'is the broad area of mem- bership pplicy, which might impose no restrictions on who a fraternity may rush. Four Fraternities Have 'Clauses' Bias or discrimination imply a restriction of some sort, and for the purposes of this survey, will be defined in the often-used sense of racial or religious discrimination., Four fraternities on this campus-Acacia, Alpha "Tau Omega, Sigma Chi, and Sigma Nu-contain constitutional clauses barring individuals because of race, or religion. Opinions on the subject fall generally into two broad divisions. One side in the debate holds that a private, predominantly-social group, such as a fraternity, has the right to set its own adnmissions requirements. By this reasoning, no individual has 4an inherent right to member- ship in any particular organization. Carl R. Woodward, president of the University of Rhole Island set' forth the argument in these terms in 1953: "Under our American concept of freedom and self-determination, selective membership is in keeping with the democratic institutions of our society, and the right of our fraternities to attain it should be. protected." Oppose Practice for Violating Democratic Principles Those opposed to discrimination claim it is not compatible with. democratic principles. They say judgement of an individual should, be based on his character rather 'than the color of his skin or his' religious beliefs. Author Robert W. Root, professor at Syracuse University, illus- trates the argument by pointing out the "bitter irony that Jesus himself, because he 'was _a Jew, could not today be pledged to many. fraternities that profess to be Christian . . . our democratic and Christian ideals press us to be brotherly. We must make our brother- hoods real brotherhoods." Further, these persons argue that discriminatory fraternity prac- tices are injuring America's democratic reputation in foreign lands. Finally, and of serious concern to the ,University, is the argument that the fraternity's right, to discriminate should not be allowed to Texist, in an educational community Staff (EDITOR'S NOTE: This is the sec- ond of a series' of three articles on' residence halls. Tomorrow's article will discuss the educational philoso- phy of the University's system.) By RALPH LANGER Daily Contributing Editor Stlmu lates House Ton be utilized more in setting the. academic tone of the house. Staff counselors could occupy their time with stimulating and sponsoring academic and social programs which would enrich and broaden the scope and experience Much, if not most, of the suc- of individual residents. cess or failure of the Michigan Similarly, with the freshman House Plan is dependent on the houses the staff which would re- staffs of the individual houses. main would be slightly more con- The staff should set the tone centrated and could better aid and and discipline of the house as underclassmen in their problems. well as oversee the overall resi- Lack Professionals dents welfare. With present com- Present counselors are not pro- position of houses including both fessionally-trained people for the upper and lower classmen it is most part. They do, however, have necessary for much of the staff's a definite and legitimate function time to be expended in enforce- in addition to their disciplinary ment of rules and regulations. roles. G{nerally they are persons If and when upperclass housing who have remained in the resi- is instituted, staff personnel, which dence halls system and who are, would be at minimum strength in the director's opinion, mature in the upperclass situation, could and capable individuals. These counselors advise about 10 per cent of their charges in one' way or another, estimates Jack M. Hale, senior director of men's residence halls. "Often encourag- ing bull sessions or participating in casual conversations are all that's necessary," he explains., "The resident may not even re- alize he's been counseled. He may have merely needed someone to listen to him and allow him to talk it out by himself." Refers Student. Probably the primary "counsel- ing" function performed by resi- dence hall staffers is helping in- dividuals to get proper help. Often pointing out that specialized help is available - curriculum advis- ers or perhaps psychiatric help - is all that is necessary to start the resident off on the right track towards solving his difficulty. This is the kind of help' staff counselors under the present set up can, do and should offer. More serious problems than these are out of the range of staff capabili- yt and should be handled by more competent persons. About five per cent of the residents are referred. by staffers ,to more formal coun- seling personnel, according to Hale. Question Need for Housemothers One member of the staff prob- ably counsels more residents in an informal way than any other. The associate adviser, or housemother, is frequently a willing ear for wor- ried inhabitants. Several months ago petitions to. do away with' the position of. house-mother were circulated in one of the quadrangles. The move- ment died but' the problem re- Favor Group To. Review 4 By JEAN HARTWIG At its meeting yesterday the Student Government Council Plan Clarification Committee discussed the utilization of a Committee of Referral to review actions taken by SOC. Both students, faculty and ad. ministrative members agreed on the' necessity of some sort of a board, but differed on its size and ultimate authority. Considering the student plan submitted by Ron Gregg, '60, Council president, and Al Haber, '60, at a previous meeting, facul- ty and administrative representa- tives. favored the' insertion of the committee to consider Council de- cisions before their submission to the Vice-President for Student Af- fairs, who would have veto power. Favor Less Jurisdiction Gregg explained such a board would defeat the purpose of the plan, which eliminates the Board in Review, by judging decisions' after they are made instead of advising the Council before it acts. He said a solution to the prob- lem would be to remove complete- ly certain areas of jurisdiction from SGC's power. Asked if the students would fa- vor a committee to advise the Vice-President for Student Affairs,. Gregg said he would have to con- sult with the other students on the committee, but ' thought it would be more acceptable than the Committee of Referral. Discuss Use of Alumni Speaking about the plan to es- tablish such an advisory board, Vice-President for Student Af- fairs James A. Lewis said the best way to get "stacked" advice on issues was to let the Vice-Presi- dent' name his own advisory- board. The committee will hold an open meeting at '7:30 p.m. Mon- day in then'Council Room of the Student Activities Bldg. All indi- viduals or representatives of groups desiring to speak are re- quested to contact Prof. Charles. F.Lehmann of the education school, chairman of the 'commit- tee, for a place on the agenda. jMag ne which theoretically fosters beliefs ad 'practices free from prejudice. In 1954, the State University of New York banned racial and reli- gious discrimination from frater- nity admissions practices on all 27 of its campuses. The school's posi- tion, as stated by its president, William S. Carlson: "One of the pillars upon which the State University of New York was founded is' that educational opportunities be made available to those qualifieji, without regard to race, color, religion, creed or na- tional origin. It would be sophistry for the State University to vigor- ously conbat discrimination in its admissions and educational poli- cies and, at the same time, con- done these practices among the extra-curricular organizations which it recognizes." See DISCRIMINATION, Page 3 Strauss its, 'FalIsehoods 00 s WASHINGTON () -- Lewis L: Strauss fired back at a scientist- critic yesterday and was supported by several Senators. Strauss, testifying at a Senate Commerce Committee hearing on his nomination to be Secretary of Commerce, denounced as false charges leveled at him by David R. Inglis, an atomic scientist. "Untruth" and "unqualified falsehood" were some of the labels that Strauss used allegations. Inglis, who said he would feel safer about the future of this coun- try's national security if Strauss were not in Presicdent Dwight D. were not in the Cabinet. GERRY DUBIE . .. wins first 'M' matches 1 4U'Netters . , Hand" OS U 9=0 Beating By FRED KATZ Michigan's tennis team stormed to an easy 9-0 whitewash of Ohio State yesterday in its first outing of the season. The action was part of a week- end four-team meet on the Var- sity Courts in which each squad is scheduled to face the other three times. Each match is con- sidered a separate dual meet. No overall champion will be pro- claihed. In other matches, Minnesota had little trouble with Toledo in the morning, 7-1 (one match was a tie), and then won two of three doubles matches, in the afternoon to edge-OSU, 5-4. The Wolverines play a double bill today, beginning with Toledo at 10 a.m. They take on Minne- sota at 1:30 p.m. In the day's final match, Toledo meets Ohio State at 4:30. Coach Bill Murphy gave four Wolverines their first start in Michigan uniform and all came through with little difficulty. See WOLVERINES, Page 6 Saults Dies At, Hospital Edward W. Saults, 61 years old, actuary in the University Person- nel Office, died yesterday at Uni- versity Hospital where he had been under treatment since March 26. Highly regarded as an expert in insurance and annuity programs, Saults had served as a consultant in this field to several Michigan communities. Most of the retirement programs now in effect at the University were designed by Saults during his period of service here. He joined the University Personnel Office staff in July, 1945, and served as secretary to the University's com- mittee on annuities. Born in Waterbury, Conn. on March 25, 1898, Saults attended the University for three years be- fore' joining the American Life Insurance Company in Detroit inj 1926. There he held the positiont of assistant actuary and auditor7 for twelve years. From there he went to Ford Motor Company where he did tool design work un- til joining the University staff. Saults is survived by his wife,7 Ila, and a daughter, Margaret. Senators Push Cam1l For Increase in, Sales Tm 4 PANAMA : Attempted Revolution Squelched PANAMA (M) - The invasion of Panama was snuffed out yesterday with the surrender of the main body of the invading force to Panamanian troops. More than 80 Cuba-based fight- ers put down their arms. There was no word of any fight- ing in thequick climax to the in- vasion that began last weekend on the Caribbean coast of this stra- tegic Central American country. Authorities said, however, na- tional guard troops occupied the town of Nombre de Dios without resistance. The Cuba-based in-, vaders took over the town after- their landing and then holed up there and spent most of the week talking surrender. The announcement that they had given up was made by Fern- ando Lobo, head of the observa- tion team rushed to Panama by the Organization of American. States (OAS) to check on the in- vasion. He said more than 80 and per- haps as many as 86 men had put down their arms and handed themselves over to guard troops. Panama's Minister of Government J. D. Bazan put the number at 87. An earlier government an- nouncement had said two-thirds or about 60 members of the inva- sion. force had pulled out of Nom- bre de Dios and were marching, toward the main highway leading to this capital. - The later information from Lobo indicated, however, that the main body called it quits in the little town. BUILDING SAFETY: City Orders Wiring Improvements By JAMES BOW Sigma Nu fraternity planned to follow the city's orders to improve electrical wiring and safety exits this summer, John E. Ryan, Direc- tor of Ann Arbor's Department of Building and Safety Engineering explained, but because of the re- cent fire "they will just have to do it faster." All affiliated and associated housing have been ordered to com- ply with safety inspection recom- mendations by September, he said. So far we have inspected 1,000 multiple dwellings, Ryan con- tinued, and 700 are in full com- pliance with safety codes. "As part of a five-year program, inspection of all city multiple housing should be completed in two years and we should have full compliance in three years.. Cooperative Inspection Used "The most prevalent offense is caused by wiring that was meant just for lighting instead of hi fi, television and ,appliances." University inspection of "affili- ated and associated 'housing," which works in cooperation with the city's program, has reached a point where we can start in- sisting upon enforcement, Assist- ant Dean Peter A. Ostafin, Director_. of University Housing, commented. "If houses do not clear up violations," he said, "they will not open in the fall." The decision to intensify the inspection program was made this spring, Ostafin said. We are plan- ning to send letters to the houses, he explained, and we have about 18 more housing units to inspect. "Next year we are changing the priority system of safety viola- tions," William W. Joy, University housing inspector, said. Joy directs the Health Service Environmental Health and Safety Department, which conducts the inspections of University housing. Since a majority of houses have already complied with wiring' and safety exit requirements, Joy said, we are also going to stress litchens and other areas. "This is not a police campus," Ostafin remarked, referring to the housing safety program. When the program was begun, he said, we decided that the problem was to educate. "We have to get houses to accept the concept of health, safety and well-being." Cite' Ordinance Specific requirements for fra- tatechool Cash Crisis Creates Debt By ROBERT JUNKER "We cannot continue not paying our creditors and expect them to continue making deliveries of sup- plies to the University," Vice- President in Charge of Business and Finance Wilbur K. Pierpont said yesterday. He said that as a method of re- taiing cash for the payment of faculty salaries this spring when the state has fallen $9 million be- hind in its payments, the Univer- sity has withheld about $1 million. from creditors. Execute Saving Moves The University has been able to operate without the $9 million in state payments by a series of money saving moves. Withholding payments to creditors has saved $1 million. The University has also used up its student fees, which are normally dispersed over a wider span of time, Pierpont explained. About $600,000 is still owed banks from the $4 million loan the University received in January. "We' have bought no coal, paint or maintenance materials since the first of the year," he added. Eliminate Stockpiling He said the University normally begins stockpiling coal and other supplies in the spring to carry them through the winter season. Also, the University is, during the early spring, normally ahead in its payment schedule because the June payrolls are unusually large, he said., This practice has. also been discontinued. Thus, Pierpont said, the Univer- sity has operated on $9 million less than is necessary to carry on normal operations. He said the University treasury now has just- enough money to cover Tuesday's payroll. The U~nivesrity is forced to die- ternities include the following ar- ticles from the Ann Arbor City Ordinance,.sent to house managers and stewards: All fraternity houses over four stories in height must be of fire- proof construction. . . . One and two story fraternity houses may be constructed of wood or any ma- terial that is less combustible than wood. In all fraternity houses not of fireproof construction having sleeping accommodations for over 25 men, there shall be provided a bell, gong, siren or other approved alarm on each floor of the build- ing. Every floor of the fraternity house including the basement or cellar shall have at least two in- dependent means of egress; located as far as possible from each other and in no case separated by less than 50 per .cent of' the 'length of the hall; both of which shall be accessible 'to all occupants of the building and either of which is ac- cessible without passing through the other... ." Series Stars Conductors The third and fourth concerts of the May Festival series will be presented at 2:30 p.m., and 8:30 p.m. today in Hill Auditorium. The afternoon concert will feature William Kincaid, flutist, and Virgil Thomson as guest con- ductor of his own works. William Smith, assistant conductor of the orchestra, will lead the orchestra. in the remaining numbers. The program will open with "Variations on a Theme" by Haydn, "Op. 56a" by Brahms, and will continue with "The Seine at Night," written and conducted by Thomson. Following this, Thomson will conduct the world premiere of his suite "Fugues and Cantilenas" from the United Nations film "Power Among Men." After intermission, the program' will resume with Thomson again conducting his work, "Concerto for Flute, Strings, and Percussion." in which William Kincaid will be featured on the flute. The program will conclude with Dvorak's "Symphony No . 1 in D major, Op. 60,"with: Smith con- ducting. The fourth concert during the evening will feature the soprano Dorothy Kirsten, and the Phila- delphia Orchestra, conducted by EueeOrmandy. Bach's "Chaconne" will open the concert. followed by "Vissi D'Arte" Bill Supporr Trutst Fund Taxation Committef Expected To Offer VigorousOppositio LANSING (Ap)-Republican 8 ators drove forward yesterday w their campaign to solve the sta cash problems with disguised si tax increase. At the same time, they cl stubbornly to a bill which wa permit immediate utilization the 50 million, dollar Vetere Trust Fund. "We wanttomake it clear t when the governor accepts the bill the Trust Fund bill will cc right along behind it," said Sei tor Carlton H. Morris (R-Ks mazoo), chief strategist on the r GOP power play. Boost Tax in Party Vote The sales tax measure, tecl cally boosting the three cent tax: to four cents, was okayed a 21-13 party line vote with exception of Senator John Smeekens (R - Coldwater), a voted with the Democrats. It was referred to the Ho Taxation Committee where faces strong opposition. Promise Paycheck Meanwhile, Gov. Williams. o his administrative board promi that the state will make good its bonding obligations and pay employes "at the earliest possi moment." The action was taken at one the all-Democratic board's spe sessions called daily to cope w the financial emergency. The board supported Gov. W liams' proclamation urging si employes to stay on the job e though they may not get paid schedule next Thursday. Some legislative and court e ployes, as well as lawmakers E judges, went without payche this week in the first payless p day in Mate history. Williams pointed out that, State Employes Credit Union, v more than seven million dollar: assets, had agreed to make lo to members at no interest. I ployes may borrow up to the. amount of their paycheoks. Earlier, representatives of ere unions, banks, small loan comps ies and other financial firms f institutions told the governor V would takesteps to ease the fins cial hardships for the appro mately 28,000 affected employee LSA Steering Positions 0pei mains. The question in some o the residents' minds is whether o not the housemother is worth he keep considering the continues upswing in board and room costa Adds 'Social Tone' She probably is. Among th other reaons for the presence o associate advisers in men's hall is the 'social tone and continuit they provide," Hale says. H points out that the housemothe is often the only factor to pro. mote tradition and maintain con tinuty in the house. The house mother also upgrades the types a social activities a house engage in, Hale says. Many fairly clerical jobs ar performed by the associate ad visers, who add somewhat of personal note to these duties, sucl See STAFF, Page 3 '.DOWN WITH SGC: HydeParkCreates Diag Dissension By KENNETH McELDOWNEY and CAROL LEVENTEN There was only silence as Hyde Park began yesterday. One student finally strode up to speak; turned around, saying, "I'm a coward," and crept back into the crowd. There was silence again. Finally with courage regained, standing on a stone bench at the Diag, he spoke on the dangers of nuclear fallout. With this needed spark the debate's vitality soared, and climaxed with SGC eclipsing the Arab problem, the Resurrection and state financial policy. The several hundred students, some choosing to debate from the } }benches and some to heckle from the crowd, argued, for the most part %f rin a rational way. In some cases, however, anger erupted. SGC Called Useless "Down with SGC: it doesn't do anything!" bellowed one slightly hoarse student. Another one said "All it's ever done has been negative, I suppose it'll withdraw recognition from me as a student."