THE MICHIGAN DAILY

Visiting Professor Discusses Myths
By CAROL LEVENTEN
've enjoyed my year here tre- velopment of the myths, and ac- this, the archaeologist must know
Ive enond ytrhe eretre - counting for the changes in their the whole history of a people, their
dously, and found the Univer- development. culture and way of life as well as
students very stimulating," To do this, she is tracing four their more general history and
. Thalia Howe, a visiting pro- or five major myths from their identification of their monuments.
or in the classics and fine arts earliest development, including "I'm going to Mycenae the sum-
artments, remarked. the Perseus and Theseus stories. mer after next," she continued.
Irs. Howe, who teaches classics "I'm finding every scrap of evi- "I've been so busy raising a fam-
humanities at Brandeis Uni- dence from the earliest period, ily that I haven't been able to get
ity, and who described herself whether literary, philological or away for field work too often."
an "armchair archaeologist," archaeological," she said. > Most of her work that entails ac-
currently immersed in Greek This sort of study is valuable tual excavation is by necessity
;hs; she's st u d y i n g t h e i r because myths do change, and done in the summer, she explained.
nges, and relating them to so- knowledge gained from studying The current Mycenae excava-
and economic conditions of the causes of these changes is bions include examining the walls
various periods, valuable in reflecting upon the of the site, something not done

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afforded some amusement, she
said. "The way food was described
in Homer shows the translatore
knew his Greek, but couldn't have
been much of a cook; otherwisev
everything would have been
scorched. This is the woman's ap-
proach to archaeology, I guess,"
she laughed, adding that "at any
rate, the Homeric heroes ate very
little bread!"
She is also teaching an archae- THALIA HOWE
ology course generally given by .., an 'armchair archaeologist'
Prof. Clark Hopkins, who is on
leave this semester. "Most people before, Mrs. Howe noted, but she
come in thinking they will dig did not know specifically what the
their way out of the classroom," plans would be when she arrived.
she commented. Worked as Geologist
Explains Archaeology "I might have become a geolo-
Then she explained that archae- gist if I were six inches taller and
ology is not taught by digging up not afraid of rattlesnakes," she
ancient ruins, but by studying, said.
through the lecture method, slides Mrs. Howe spent a summer dur-
of objects, learning their history ing the war at the Museum of
and development, and eventually Northern Arizona, doing geologi-
being able to date them. To do cal work as well as work on a
project in American Indian ar-
c h a e o l o g y, although she was
trained as a classical archaeolo-
gist.
enjoyable," she recalled. "We
wiorked on pottery, relating it to
chronologies, and then had field
trips in geology."
ISA Ballots
LETT'S Due at Center
A~nyimelTo morrow,
All ballots for International
Students' Association elections
State St at N.U. must be returned to the Inter-
national Center offices by tomor-
row, according to Robert Arnove,
59, president.
Any student who is an ISA
member and who did not receive
a ballot is asked to contact the
Center in order to receive one.
Counting of ballots will be done
Thursday afternoon, and the re-
sults will be announced at the
Center's weekly tea from 4:3 to
6 p.m. on that day.
Each combination of candidates
for president and- vice-president
is requested to have one represen-
tative present at the counting,
Arnove said.
DIAL NO 2-2513
WIMAK-FONDA
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COLOR by DELUXE STEREOPHONIC SOD
FRIDAY *
"IMITATION
RTS OF LIFE"
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-In Service

Education
Modernizes
Japanese
By JOAN KAATZ
Education was cited as the key
to Japan's successful moderniza-
tion by Prof. Ronald Anderson of
the eduction school in his recent-
ly-published book, "Japan: Three
Epochs of Modern Education."
The Japanese transition from
feudalism to modernism depends
upon the readiness of her people
to learn, the people's habit of in-
dustry and capacity for self -dis-
cipline, and the efficiency of a
school system bent towards
strengthening the country, he con-
tinued as he discussed the book.
Prof. Anderson studied education
in Japan for the United States
Office of Health, Education and
Welfare in 1957.
His three epochs of education
are the pre-war period of 1871 to
1931, the wartime period of 1931
to 1945 and the democratization
begun in 1945.
Influence Intermittent
During the three periods, Amer-
ican influence on Japanese educa-
tion has been intermittent, he ex-
plained; but acceptance of demo-
cratic philosophy and forms of
education is understandable, he
said.
There are still remnants of the
Confucian basis in their educa-
tional procedures, Anderson con-
tinued. The school staffs are hier-
archially structured, and the pub-
lic still insists on a course on
"morals for character training."
This course deals with patriotism
and loyalty, he said, and it is
taught at all levels up to that of
the University.
Some of the high value now
given to 'Japanese education is
shown by the student's "examina-
tion hell." This period in the
student's life is the preparation to
take entrance examinations to the
leading universities of the coun-
try, Anderson explained. The pres-
sure to get into these schools is so
great that students who fail the
exam the first time will repeatedly
take it each year until they pass
it. Many do nothing during the
year but study for it, he said.
Depressing Influence
Several students border on ner-
vous breakdowns during this time.
It is one of the most depressing
influences on Japanese education
because it distorts the purposes
and curriculum of the educational
reform period, he said.
Americans who advised the
Japanese educational directors
during the occupation period at-
tempted to reduce this pressure
by encouraging expansion of sec-
ondary school and university facil-
ities and introducing psychological
testing and other bases for selec-
tion.
However, the universities had to
devise ways of limiting the in-
creased number of applicants, so
the tests they made up were de-
signed specifically to keep students
out following the occupation.
This added pressure to the sec-
ondary school to prepare its stu-
dent adequately for the entrance
exams, and soon they became
selective in their entrance exami-
nations.
Selectivity Continues
This selectivity continued dowr
the educational structure, so thai
today it is not uncommon to find
parents in a school corridor wait-
ing for their six-year-olds to pass
entrance exams to the preferred
elementary schools, he said.
It is social-educational problems
like the morals course and ex-
amination hell which are obstacles
to be overcme as Japan continues

modernization, he said; but th
country continues with a moderr
school system to meet the risin
demand for education.

By ANITA FELDMAN
Among the numerous highlights
in the 1959 May Festival will be
the performances of the distin-
guished American composer, Vir-
gil Thomson, the University Chor-
al Union, and the bass-baritone
of the Metropolitan Opera, Gior-
gio Tozzi.
In the third concert of the May
Festival Series on Saturday after-
noon, Thomson will conduct the
Philadelphia Orchestra in the
world premiere of his suite, "Power
Among Men."
Thomson composed the music
for "Power Among Men" lost No-
vember, and it has since been re-
corded for use with a United Na-
tions film. The composer will also
conduct his work, "The Seine at
Night."
The man himself is a celebrated
composer and conductor whose
first book on "The State of Music"
propelled him into a career as one

Note May Festival Highlights

GIORGIO TOZZI
... In final concert

Ohio To Give
Senior Tests
By RUTHANN RECHT
Comprehensive examinations in
each senior's major field will be
required at Ohio Wesleyan Col-
lege next year, as the result of a
faculty decision there recently.
The move "is a proposal to ex-
periment" Prof. Benjamin Spen-
cer, chairman of the Committee
on Academic Standards, told the
faculty.
The type of comprehensive
exam is to be determined by each
individual department. The rec-
ommendation suggests a one-hour
oral or a three-hour written test
Approve Motion
According to the report, mos
department chairmen approved o
the motion when contacted. Plans
call for "such examinations to be
undertaken by all departments on
an experimental basis at the en
of the first semester or during the
second semester of 1959-60."
Each department is to repor
its experience with, and judgmen
of, the comprehensive exam hel
at-the close of next year. On the
basis of such reports, the Aca
demic Standards Committee wil
then present a recommendation
on the advisability of including
the comprehensive as a permanen
graduation requirement.
The bill suggested that th
exams be "weighted" through in
tegration with a senior semina
course, as part of those courses
requirements.
Follows Earlier Steps
This move follows earlier step
by the faculty to re-examine Ohi
Wesleyan academic standards. A
two-year foreign language re
quirement will go into effect nex
fall, and the supplementary' Eng
lish grading system is already i
use.
Acting President Burns terme
the comprehensive exam proposa
an "experimental attempt towar
insuring that when the door close
behind a student in June of hi
senior year, it won't be the las
time he thinks of the work don
in his courses here.

of the country's leading critics.
Until late in 1954, he was the mu-
sic critic of the New York Herald
Tribune.
However, in response to many
invitations from leading orches-
tras here and abroad to appear as
guest 'conductor, Thomson re-
signed his newspaper post and has
since made several tours of
Europe, and recently, of South
America. In addition to 'his guest
conducting, he has still continued
his comments on the state of mu-
sic in numerous lectures.
Founded in 1879 under the guid-
ance of the University Musical So-
ciety, the Choral Union is one of
the oldest and largest permanent
choral groups in the country.
Originally Church Group
When it was first organized, the
music group was comprised of
singers from four local churches
grouped together at that time to
sing choruses from Handel's "Mes-
siah." Through the years, how-
ever, the group has added more
members, enlarged its repertoire,
and changed its name to the
Choral Union.
When it was first organized, the
group pledged to give four con-
certs for the benefit of the Ladies
Societies of four of the local
churches. They also staged public
concerts in which some of the solo
roles were taken by artists from
New York, Chicago, and Detroit.
The attendance, however, was not
large and the income from them
was not enough to meet the ex-
penses.
Now, with a membership drawn
from the campus, community and
other environs, totalling 3 10
people, the Choral Union performs
yearly at the -May Festival and
sings in Handel's "Messiah" dur-
ing December.
In Two Concerts
This year, the Choral Union will
perform in two of the May Festi-
val concerts, the first on Friday
evening and the second on Sunday
afternoon. On Friday, they will
sing the suite "Flos Campi" by
Vaughn Williams and will present
the U. S. premier of "Scheresses"
by Poulenc. Thor Johnson will be
the guest conductor.
In the final concert, Sunday
e V e n i n g, Giorgio Tozzi, bass-
baritone star of the 'Met', will ap-
pear with Eugene Ormandy con-
ducting the Philadelphia Orches-
tra.
During the first half of the pro-
gram, he will sing "Se vuol bal-
lare" from "Marriage of Figaro"
and "Madamina,.11tcatalogo" from
e "Don Giovanni," by Mozart.
To Sing 'Spirito'
After intermission, he will re-
r sume his performance with "Il
. Lacerato Spirito" from "Simon

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*TWO SHOWS*
8 P.M. and .11 P.M.
"America's Top Jazz Con-
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tour, brings to Detroit a trio
of the foremost jazz artists
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man and his orchestra, Ah-
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Staton.

on Sat. May 2

'I

74

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