t i U1jr 3i0p9an 1 aggaI Sixty-Ninth Year EDITED AND MANAGED BY STUDENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN "When Opinions Are Free UNDER AUTHORITY OF BOARD IN CONTROL OF STUDENT PUBLICATIONS Truth Will Prel" STUDENT PUBLICATIONS BLDG. * ANN ARBOR, MICH. - Phone NO 2-3241 Editorials printed in The Michigan Daily express the individual opinions of staf writers or the editors. This must be noted in all reprints. FRIDAY, MARCH 27, 1959 NIGHT EDITOR: BARTON HUTHWAITE New 'Freedom' Provision Might Improve 1949 Regulation "What Makes You Think We're Trying To Conceal Anything?" NATO IN TROUBLE: 'Sword and Shield' Outdated Strategy By PHILIP SHERMAN Daily Staff Writer ITS SWORD may possibly be too heavy and sharp and its shield is certainly too thin. This description is applied to the North Atlantic Treaty Organiza- tion which now faces a decision that must be made and that will profoundly affect its continued usefulness. The problem to be solved, 4 . IN THE AFTERMATH of the whole Sigma Kappa issue a Student Government Council committee is looking into the 1949 regulation which denies recognition to any organization which prohibits membership on the basis of race, color or creed. It is a good idea, because the Sigma Kappa issue suggests a valid principal for revision of the 1949 ruling. Sigma Kappa based its whole case on a letter from the national, which said that Sigma Kappa local was free to determine its own membership. This statement was not free from ambigui- ties, and so at least for this, among other reasons, the Council rejected it. But if the letter had been unambiguous in its affirmation of the local's right to choose its members, the Council would have had no choice but to take Sigma Kappa off suspension. For it would have meant that the 'evidence underlying the Council's earlier action was not pertinent. UNDER THE 1949 ruling, there is no way to distinguish the national's actions here from those taken elsewhere. That there could be a difference does not seem to have been evident to the Council, and most certain of those concerned. But now that it has been suggested as a principle under which at least one sorority is willing to operate, the prin- ciple ought to be embodied in the regulation as a basis for future action toward fraterni- ties and sororities. If this principle is accepted in good faith by sororities and fraternities seeking a chap- ter here in the future, then the Council has gotten all it can ask for - that of freedom of local choice. WHY WOULD a national take action else- where that it would not take here? The national might not for three reasons. First, the suspended chapter might be weaker than the Michigan chapter. Thus, to put it baldly, the Michigan chapter could pledge Negroes and get away with it, while the other could not. Second, alumni elsewhere may react much more violently to pledging_ a Negro, for ex- ample, than University alumni. Third, the understanding about admission criteria be- tween the national and the local in the two cases might have been different. Some other chapters might have to abide by the national's membership policies. At the University, the local chapter might not. If any or all of these circumstances are pos- sible, then SGC should change the 1949 rul- ing. Not to do so- would mean expulsion of the local chapter, when the chapter could in fact pledge whoever it wanted, surely no intent of SGC. THE RULE should insist that the local be free to choose whatever members it wants, regardless of the national's policies and set up an unambiguous form of adherence, which (preferably) the national convention should approve. There are strong and valid reservations about the University's right to legislate at all against sorority and fraternity discrimination. But if SGC feels it must have a regulation, then the suggested modification would improve the 1949 regulation. -LANE VANDERSLICE SI S' 4O x '- ' ~Ct.A44T~lv'r~ STUDENTS SHOW NO INTEREST: Committee Wrestles with Calendar Urban Renewal Deserves Support InIERE IS little doubt about the fundamental value of Ann Arbor's Urban Renewal pro- gram. It would make the neighborhood a much better place to live in. It would considerably im- prove the living conditions of many families- rehabilitating 193 homes and replacing 43, removing a junkyard and a slaughterhouse, moving M-14 onto a more suitable street and replacing dilapidated commercial properties with homes. SEVERAL partial objections have been raised, but they are not weighty. Some people fear that the compensation for properties taken over by the city might be inadequate. But the federal government stipulates that each pro- perty shall be assessed by two different asses- sors, and a good assessment is not far from the market price. . Others are concerned about the rezoning as residential of a strip on one side of Main Street because they fear it might reduce property values there. They are correct; it might. On the other hand, it might increase property values across the street, and the government would not guarantee mortgages for rehabilitation of houses across from the strip if it were zoned commercial. Some people are also worried about the plans for the housing of residents whose houses are removed. Others fear that aged residents un- able to pay for rehabilitation of their homes may be evicted. These are important things to be concerned about, but there is no reason why a solution cannot be reached. Some people may suffer by Urban Renewal; that cannot be denied. But the harm can be kept quite low. Urban Renewal is still a fine chance to benefit the whole city and to greatly benefit the area's residents. - -PETER DAWSON By SUSAN HOLTZER Daily Staff Writer THE UNIVERSITY Calendar Committee has shown a real interest in and concern for stu- dent opinion in areas particular- ly affecting the student body, substantially more, in fact, than the students themselves. Several issues considered to be most important to the students were discussed at Wednesday's "open" meeting, a meeting at which the Committee had hoped to get representative feeling about some of the proposed changes. Exactly four students were pres- ent - the student member of the Committee, the Editor of The Daily, two Daily reporters, and-- lo and behold - one student who was actually interested enough to attend. One of these issues is actually a whole flock of issues, all revolv- ing around the troublesome, but difficult-to-alter final examina- tion period. For the current sys- tem, even now getting bogged down, will eventually have to be changed. More and more, classes during the semester are being held during odd hours - late in the afternoon, or evening. And there will simply not be enough room on the exam schedule to fit in these extra times. * * * ONE OF the ideas being kicked around suggests two-hour exams; Another, elimination of the re- quirement that exams be held during the specified period 'in- stead of during the last regular class of the semester. Still anoth- er would provide a week-long study period, followed by one week of three-hour finals utiliz- ing three periods - morning, aft- ernon and evening - each day. This would give students a chance to study for all their exams be- forehand, but would also leave him the prospect of five or six exams the first two days. The study period before finals is perhaps one of the most per- sistent problems the Committee faces, yet at the same time it pro- vides perhaps the best opportu- nity for evaluating the whole principle of such exams. Commit- tee members said the literary col- lege, at least, considers the cumu- lative final examination an indis- pensable part of most courses, be- cause it allows the student to pull the course together, to see it as an integrated whole rather than in sections separated by bluebooks. If this is indeed the case, then a longer study period would seem to facilitate the integration process, and would be an invaluable change in the calendar. * * * BUT THE problem remains, where would the extra week come from? A concurrent change might begin the calendar late in August, making Christmas vacation the study period. But then what hap- pens to intersession? And what happens to those students who support themselves in college through their earnings in summer jobs? One possible solution suggested would encourage individual in- structors to cancel their classes for the last week of the regular semester, something they are even now permitted to do. This way, students would have time to di- gest those courses which require pulling together. Others, such as languages and the natural sci-- ences, being non-cumulative in their basic curriculum, would not use such a period. This system would also provide time for the last-minute rush of papers and outside readings due in many courses. * * * ANOTHER problem of mainly student concern is what the liter- ary college calls a "meaningful graduation" - i.e., graduation with diploma. Insistence on this cuts down the possibility of mov- ing the exam period forward, for graduation must be long enough after the end of exams to make sure each student has indeed graduated. Members of the Committee es- timate, however, that only a small percentage of the graduat- ing class would not be entitled to the conditional diploma which would have to be granted at an earlier commencement. And against this situation must be weighed the fact that half the senior class does not attend com- mencement because they must be out of town ,or must start a job, long before the ceremony. It is questionable whether commence- ment exercises attended by so few are any more meaningful than ones where conditional diplomas are allowed. These- are some of the. main problems, directly affecting the student body, which the Commit- tee is now wrestling with. (Appar- ently only the Committee, not the students themselves, are at all concerned with them.) a strategic one, is not being solved alliance may become a dead letter in K. Jacobson of the political science problem as deciding what to do with the "shield" part of the NATO strategic organization. The well known strategic concept of the Atlantic alliance is that of the sword and the shield. The sword of the alliance is, basically, the United States Strategic Air Command and the subsidiary nu- clear retaliatory forces possessed by the American Navy and the British Royal Air Force. This sword, which is probably strong enough to destroy the entire popu- lated world is regarded as a deter- rent, keeping Soviet forces from any major European aggressions. When the concept was agreed up- on, the Soviet had no atomic re- taliatory capability and therefore could not give as it received, mak- ing the venture of nuclear war a rather safe adventure for the Western Alliance. *R * * ACCOMPANYING the sword was to be the shield, the "conven- tional" forces of the alliance. This force was never intended to match Soviet manpower, man for man, but was envisioned as big and strong enough to fight small wars and to delay any major invasion long enough for Western mobili- zation. All nations were to con- tribute according to their means. Today, after 10 years, this shield is still weak. WITH THE THREAT of another possible small war dramatized by the Berlin crisis, Western leaders are finding, in fact, that there is no shield protecting Western Eu- rope: the promised French soldiers are fighting in Algeria; the prom- ised British soldiers have oeen mustered out of service; Germany is dragging her feet in raising the projected quota of 500,000 men. The principal cause for this weakness, Prof. Jacobson suggests, is the fact that no clear thinking has been done about the role of the shield in NATO strategy. The old role, assigned with the sword, is obsolete. If there were a role assigned, commensurate with modern strategic realities, where nuclear power may never be used, Prof. Jacobson says, the Western nations might supply the forces to fill it. A need must be vividly shown before they will spend the money, and, because there is no real role, there has been nothing to sufficiently move the Europeans. The campaign to raise shield forces, he said, should be educa- tional, but more important it must force the strategic decision on the Western Alliance. In addition, this crisis in NATO, perhaps like the Berlin crisis, is being passed off by the American public with the traditional Ameri- can confidence at a time when it is up to the United States as lead- er of the Alliance to initiate re- appraisal of strategic aims. It is clear that present strategy is out- dated, for it cannot deal with the small brush-fire warfare that the Soviets have already used. Adhering to outdated strategic plans is extremely dangerous, and it is possible that what happened in 1940 to the French, who thought the Maginot Line the ultimate in defense, could happen again to all of Western Europe. at all, and if this continues, the international politics, Prof. Harold department said. He describes the INTERPRETING: Progress U nlikely By J. M. ROBERTS Associated Press News Analyst THERE ARE still considerable differences among the Western powers, as well as between them and the Soviet Union, over the approaches to negotiations over Germany. The three notes delivered to the Kremlin yesterday are much the same. But where they differ there is more than a difference of lan- guage The differences in spirit are visible. American officials profess the belief however, that the differences are more in procedure than in substance, and the assumption still remains that a foreign ministers meeting will be held in the spring with a .summit meeting to follow in the summer. That is what the sitution calls for, and what it probably will produce. The British note obviously stems from this presumption. But firstly there remains the wide difference between the Allies and Russia overbtheeagenda. The West insists on talking about all German problems. The Kremlin has insisted on limiting the for- eign ministers to Berlin and a peace treaty. The Communist peace treaty would be with a confederated Ger- many in which autonomy would be retained for Communist insti- tutions in East Germany. The West will not settle for less than democratic reunification which, in its practical application, would fit the minority East into a homog- enized Germany. There's a good chance both sides will slur over this conflict in order to get negotiations going. The United States note is more insistent than the British that a summit conference be contingent on positive progress by the foreign ministers. This difference seems primarily to be a retention of flexi- bility on the part of President Dwight D. Eisenhower, whose con- stitutional position is affected by absence from the country. President de Gaulle of France is the one, however, whose position, if taken literally, would actually preclude a summit meeting. There are hardly any grounds for believing that even Macmillan, more agreeable than anyone else t:; the summit meeting idea, has concrete hope for any real Ger- man settlement in the next few years. The true objection of nego- tiating now is to forestall what might become a military crisis if Russia gives East Germany sov- ereignty over Allied access routes to West Berlin. DAILY OFFICIAL BULLETIN . 4 { See Page Six and.. 0 i STUDENTS who would like a greater voice in the affairs of the University will get it a week from Monday, if they are 21 years old. Four candidates are seeking two posts on the Regents, the University's governing body, which ultimately has all power over the Uni- versity. The Regents are neither a rubber-stamp for -the administration nor a high-level policy group unconcerned with what the student is doing. They are instead eight citizens of the -state of Michigan with a real care for quality higher education, and in many cases with strong interest in student life, academic and extra-curricular. Their opinions on subjects of interest to students often profoundly in- fluence the student's campus life, unknown to him. On Page 6 of this morning's paper, The Daily is publishing statements by each of the four Regental candidates, setting forth their views on matters of University (and student) concern. We urge each student eligible to vote in this election to study their statements care- fully and cast well-informed votes; no other election is of such immediate concern to a student here. Those who are not yet 21 should acquaint themselves with the personsrespon- sible for running the University and tell their parents or friends to vote. -JOHN WEICHER City Editor LETTERS TO THE EDITOR: Arab Club Calls Letter 'Personal Opinion' f 6 S. u '"':........ ... : . e>uC<..{.i>:4....... ":.e>:"m m as a as em s m a JUST INQUIRING . .. by Michael Kraft The SoutPand SLEEP TRADITION must actually be a strong force at the University since the official calendar and even the students are ignoring current climatic conditions to call the forthcoming vacation "spring." x The season itself has traditional character- Isterics, among them, birds flying north and at least a few students staggering south. This provides a convenient, although admittedly far fetched, excuse for a northerner to offer a few long range observations about the lower part of the nation. They appear to have a rather incomprehen- sible way of looking at things. For example, there's a Miami, Florida woman, described by the Associated Press as a "white-haired matron" who was caught stealing. She stole only public funds, explaining, "I helped Wilkie when he ran for President. This country cer- tainly owes me a bare living. I've seen billions handed out to foreigners in the Halls of Con- gress. There ought to be something for me." concept that "the government which governs least governs best." FROM FRONT ROYAL, Va., comes a story on Warren County High School. It once was attended by 1,000 white students. The current enrollment is 21, all Negro. The white students are attending private, make-shift and segregated classes in several buildings scattered throughout the town. Last year the student-teacher ratio was 27-1. Now, with the white students boycotting the school, it's 2.1 to 1. Yet, white southerners still cling to the sep arate but equal doctrine. A curious way to re- tain a dominant position. ANOTHER STRANGE attitude was expressed in a recent letter to the Dean of Men's of- fice. The Fort Lauderdale, Florida chief of police writes that "in past years, many dis- turbances and offenses against students grew ouit of the nratie onf' students sleeping in auto- To the Editor: T HE ARAB Club of the Univer- sity of Michigan would like to point out that the analyses pre- sented by I. Essaid in his letter of last week are based on his own personal views and do not neces- sarily represent the views of other Arab students on the campus. Furthermore, the reaction of M. Etman, A. Moshin, and S. Khairal- lah to the above-mentioned letter, in the letter of last Wednesday, is based on their own impressions and their own personal thinking and do not, either, represent our views and understandings. -A. R. Ibrahim, Pres. -K. Al-Komser Iraq .. To the Editor: A BOUT the recent developments in Iraq. The last Shawaf's revolt was a feudal one, instigated mainly by sheiks and some wealthy people who resented the agrarian re- forms, supporters of the past Nuri Assaid regime, some' extremists and others who were misled and directed by false propaganda. Their plans were mean and de- structive. Shawaf planned an at- fought courageously with sticks and stones. Shawaf, the butcher was killed by his own men but his radio station kept reiterating his alleged victory until his agents lost hope of misleading the people who firmly believed in their govern- ment. A living example of such belief was the honorable attitude of the Iraqi students who unanimously supported their government and courageously denounced Shawaf the moment they heard the news, by sending the following telegram, to Premier Kassem, which carried their signatures: "The Iraqi stu- dents at the University of Michi- gan condemn the corrupted at- tempt against our truly demo- cratic government, demanding a strong action against the corrupt elements of the past and the present." The long history of Iraq proves that Iraqis are dedicated Arab nationalists who never ceased to be so even during the Nuri Assaid regime. We may remember the demonstrations, in which many were killed by the government forces, in Mosul, Najaf, and Kar- bala, protesting Assaid's attitude of indifference during the Suez in- the Girl Scouts, an un-American and presumably non-Hoff a organi- zation which threatens to under- mine the very existence of the union movement by their sale of non-union cookies. Mr. Phillips should be heartily congratulated on the courageous steps he had taken to stem the tide of this menacing movement. Allow me to further suggest to Mr. Phillips that if the present tactics are not successful (as well they might not be against such a cunning foe) he might try to organize the Girl Scouts into a Hoffa Union. Admittedly, this would not be easy, but it could be accomplished by sending armed union organizers to patrol the streets on cookie sale night, and to the various troop meetings. The Campfire Girls could be organized in the same manner. In this way, not only could the sale of union cookies and mints be assured, but the proceeds from such sales could be turned over to the Team- sters' Welfare Fund so that every- one may benefit from them. -Douglas E. Miller, '62 G;argoyle . . outside of that gained by its sinful connotations. Such a magazine can have a ruinous affect on any University's reputation. We sincerely hope that The Daily will publish this letter, to inform people that all students on the University do not gain en- joyment from "publications" such as "Gargoyle." -Charles Lichtigman -Larry Jones -Charles P. Martens The Daily Official Bulletin is an official publication of The Univer- sity of Michigan for which The Michigan Daily assumes no edi- torial responsibility. Notices should be sent in TYPEWRITTEN form tb Room 3519 Administration Build- ing, before 2 p.m. the day preceding publication. Notices forSunday Daily due at 2:00 p.m. Friday. FRIDAY, MARCH 27, 1959 VOL. XIX, NO. 128 General Notices Applications for the Detroit Armen- ian Women's Club Scholarship Award are available at the Scholarship Office, (Continued on Page 5) r Moky'Paradise .. ., >? i;f.ttf.4q44 '4S 4.'- ...,c' r$ ..h},..4;4.N &4 : '< f:' +: :_ . }ita.y:,::?t'-^: "::6:J-Y.:c.::: . . -t :... ....r4 . 4 4 --ยข.4 . 4 . . ME _4 '# 6 +,C A