Sixty-Ninth Year -- EDITED AND MANAGED BY STUDENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN "When Opinions Are Free UNDER AUTHORITY OF BOARD IN CONTROL OF STUDENT PUBLICATIONS Truth Will Prey STUDENT PUBLICATIONS BLDG. * ANN ARBOR, MICH. * Phone NO 2-3241 Editorials printed in The Michigan Daily express the individual opinions of staff writers or the editors. This ncst be noted in all reprints. "Did They Say This Was A Balanced Budget Or A Juggled One?" FARM BUREAU OBJECTS: Should U.S. Surpluses Feed Hungry World? LTURDAY, FEBRUARY 28, 1959 NIGHT EDITOR: SELMA SAWAYA Legislators Ignore Real Financial Solution " s t/a ' f r p Al car ', 4... ' c p ;::: - N / % /. AN APPALLING lack of talent and leadership money to last until June but it must also plan In Michigan's Legislature has been obvious for an adequate sources of revenue for the fu- for years to those who looked closely. This year ture when the cost of running the government even the casual observer cannot help but probably will increase. realize that Michigan is as lacking in wise po- But it is this long-range challenge to which litical leadership as it is in dollars. the legislators as a group have not turned their The point was vividly demonstrated Thurs- attention. Both the representatives and sena- day when the legislators and the governor tors, Republican ones in particular, are trying went off in half-a-dozen directions attempt- to find some immediate, easily accessible, large ing to stumble on the right path to extra dol- source of cash that will give an easy answer lars. Given their present scope of thought, they to the cash shortage. The Senate bond and could stumble along until the millennium and two-year sales tax increase proposal is just still never find the answer. the latest example. The governor, blowing hot and cold on mort- It is hoped, however, there are not many gaging the veterans' trust fund as an answer legislators who sincerely believe such a pro- to the state's crises, ended two weeks of fence posal will do more than just postpone the straddling and decided raising the state's crisis. In two years - or some other given $250,000 debt limit was a better idea. Thurs- time period - the Legislature will be right day, the House turned down use of the fund back where it is today. and yesterday they rejected the second pro- PERHAPS the state can afford to wait a little posal Characteristically, a Republican caucus longer for a revised tax structure that will split up without .reaching agreement on any lnefoarvidtxsruuethtwl pli. provide a new and large source of income - lan. .although the danger signs already present The major idea of the day came from the would seem to indicate otherwise - but even- Senate where the GOP proposed a 100 million tually a modern system will be necessary. dollar bond issue and a one cent sales tax in- Muaichigan has a carefully constructed plan crease limited to two years. Part of the tax backed by extensive and expert study in the would retire the bond issue. ' report of the Michigan tax study committee. Before the legislators have seen the last of THE COMING of Michigan's cash crisis has Michigan's financial problems they will prob- been ignored, but not unheralded. Now that ably have to adopt many more of this com- it has reached a head in the current fiscal year mittee's suggestions than they wouild like. the Legislature faces an extremely difficult -DAVID TARR dual problem. Not only must it find enough Associate Editor SStaying Away :! .r '^tir ... ..- ... _f e ; f _ " _ sb'x , CAPITAL COMMENTARY: BReds M WaB U... By WILLI. By OVID A. MARTIN Associated Press Farm Writer WASHINGTON - A big issue likely to confront Congress this year is whether the United States should do a better job feed- ing the hungry abroad. Proposals along this line are ex- pected to be advanced for the triple purpose of bolstering the farm economy, disposing of farm surpluses and strengthening the American position in various parts of the world. , "Why not use our food surpluses and our great farm productive capacity as an instrument of di- plomacy?" is an argumentative cry likely to be made. Such plans have a humanitarian appeal as well as practical implica- tions for a troubled domestic agri- culture. But they face strong opposition. Backing for them is anticipated from several farm organizations, including the National Farmers Union and some individual farm commodity groups. In the past Sen. Hubert H. Hum- phrey (D-Minn.), a member of the Senate Agriculture Committee, has supported proposals of this na- ture and could be expected to do so again. Leaders of the Farmers Union have contended that much good will could be developed for this country if it were more aggressive in feeding the hungry in backward areas of the world. They argue that money spent this way would do much more toward building a peaceful world than money spent on weapons of war. BUT SHARP opposition could be expected to come from the Eisenhower administration and some other farm groups, particu- larly the American Farm Bureau Federation. Administration farm officials say the United States has been giving, away or selling at special rates about all the farm products that can be disposed of abroad without creating bigger problems than would be solved. A major objection to proposals for broadening United States for- eign food programs is the opposi- tion to these programs by other farm exporting nations and their agricultural producers. * * * THE FARM BUREAU, in resolu- tions adopted at its recent Boston convention, said agriculture's pri- mary task in the export field is to develop dollar markets for its pro- ducts on a permanent basis. While this farm organization took the lead in getting the present surplus disposal law enacted, it said in the resolutions that agri- culture "must not become per- manently dependent on govern- ment export programs." The Farm Bureau took the posi- tion that broadened disposal pro- grams would-delay adjustment of United States farm production from surplus to balanced produc- tion and make such programs per- manent. The Bureau said per- manent programs of this kin would not only be costly but would help keep government in control of agriculture, which it dislikes Government officials raise *an- other objection. They say there is great danger that United States benefit programs may develop tastes and demands in some coun- tries which could not be sustained on a commercial basis because of Saving Force [AM S. WHIITE COUNSELLING at the University definitely has its deficiencies. Most students don't know "whether they're coming or going." Stu- dents who do know go in to their counsellors to find out anyway. The ones who don't know also don't know enough to go in and find out what they're missing. But counselling is "a very broad problem," as a member of the Literary College Steering Committee recently put it. It is too broad to be considered at any group discussion, he in- dicated. Yet any one of its questions, like sign- ing junior and senior election cards, is too narrow to be resolved without some "overall interpretation of deficiencies." So the steering committee is being careful not to make small waves for fear of setting up a nice large storm. It has decided there is little value in sponsoring a conference on counselling. Maxim for the day: if you want to give up the ship just don't go near the water. -NAN MARKEL The H--- With 'Health' AMERICANS are living the life of automa- tion instead of animation, a symposium presented by Boston University's Sargent Col- lege recently was told. The question discussed by the panel was "Do Americans Have Sufficient Health and Energy in This Modern Era?" Man's anatomical and physiological struc- ture is one designed for a life of dynamic physi- cal activity, a professor of physiology said. The dean of the college said that even step- saving kitchens and swing-out seats on 1959 automobiles may be contributing to poor health. However, girls on the Hill would gladly resign themselves to the fate of missing out on colds, pus and adjusting to the unavoidable "poor ments picked up on their walk to central cam- pus and adjustin gto the unavoidable "poor health" to follow. Oh! for an insulated con- veyor belt. NORMA SUE WOLFE WASHINGTON-The frequently brutal dogmatism of the Rus- sians, who often conduct foreign policy negotiations in the tone of enraged longshoremen mediating their waterfront differences, sometimes has its uses to the free world. , At Geneva since last October 31, the United States, Britain and the Soviet Union have been conferring for a "controlled ban" on nuclear weapons tests. At every point when it has appeared that some agree-. ment might be in sight, Soviet spokesmen have broken up the game with quite impossible de- mands and accusations. Their unreasonableness has served them right-and served us well. It has been almost providen- tial for us, if such a term can be used in such a connection. For the longer such an agreement is de- ferred, the better off the United States will be. And if it never comes at all, short of a genuine and general disarmament running all the way down to infantry divi- sions, we shall be better off still. * *- * IN A WORD, if we are to be saved from entering into an ar- rangement of the greatest danger to our security, the enigmatic idiocy of the Russians themselves may well be the saving force. Nearly everything in the atomic- hydrogen field lies-and necessar- ily so-under the cover of hush- hush. Moreover, to seek to under- stand what is going on even in a high-policy way requires a layman to traverse a vast and forbidding swamp of technical jargon. All the same, inquiry here establishes some central, and most unpleasant, facts. For months at Geneva the West has been running a terrible risk that the Russians would suddenly become sensible enough to go along with some so-called. "reli- able" test suspension. If they should, the consequences to the West could not be less than dam- aging ,and they might well be catastrophic. "Damaging" would be the word should We then take the first of two alternatives-that is, hurriedly to back out at the last minute from such an agreement. In this case, of course, we should suffer a severe worldwide propaganda de- feat. But "catastrophic" would be the only word should we decide to stay with the agreement. For this would mean that the free world, which is vastly out- manned and outgunned by the Soviet bloc, would be on the way to losing the one form of superiority which has thus far kept an uneasy balance of military power. This is our atomic-hydrogen superiority. Take away this edge and the masses of Russian divisions, the "conventional" forces of war that still can kill a great many people, would overwhelmingly outnumber those of the West. It would be much as though an island sea power in the old pre- atomic days' had negotiated itself into a position of agreeing to fleet limitations while its larger land antagonists remained free to call up unlimited numbers of troops. Even a two-year halt to nuclear testing would tend to disperse the irreplaceable technical forces we now have working in the weapons field. Too-and this is much grim- mer-we have in fact already made enormous mistakes in certain of our supposedly foolproof scientific assumptions underlying detection methods. No man can possibly say for certain that any future detec- tion method proclaimed as abso- lutely unbreachable might not quickly turn out to be quite some- thing else again. * * * FINALLY, it can be stated re- sponsibly that American leaders know perfectly well that any sus- pension agreement would involve an obvious, and undeniable, mili- tary risk in exchange for highly generalized possible gains. These possible gains are called "impon- derables"-meaning, maybe, some advance in the worthy purpose of easing cold-war tensions. But it cannot be denied that the risk is all to ponderable, indeed. The burden of proof lies with stag- gering and fateful weight upon those who would suspend tests. They have nowhere near proved their case. They have only proved. their great decency and their good intentions. lack of productive capacity and purchasing power in world mar- kets. "A sudden withdrawal of the United States programs would create grave problems as well as stir up great dissatisfaction with this country," they said. Some proposals may be made that this country join a world food bank for distribution of surpluses to needy areas. Some who favor greater dona- tions abroad dislike the idea of turning United States surpluses over to an international agency. They say this country would tend to lose control over disposition and would not get the credit to which it would be entitled. WORLD PROBLEM: Give IUs This Day... By RAY SHAW Associated Press Newsfeatures Writer IN HUNDREDS of dialects and languages around the world, the words mean the same: "We are hungry." It could be called a universal utterance, for two-thirds of the world's population, or 1.8 billion, are underfed. For every well-fed person in the United States; there are 10 others in the world who are hungry.' And unless ways to increase food production are found, population experts say the ratio will widen as world. population continues to spiral. Last year 47 million people were added to world population, raising it to 2.8 billion. The population is expected to be 3.4 billion in 10 years and six billion by the end of the century. ** * FOR EACH year's increase, 47 million acres of new land will be needed. The Population Reference Bureau, a private research organi- zation, predicts this will exhaust all cropland resources on earth by 20000 What's the answer? Some scientists have urged that the sea be harvested more effici- ently; there is hope that atomic and solary energy may help in- crease food production; there ,are those who say land already in cultivation could produce more if greater care were taken with the soil and better fertilizers used. Plant diseases, insects, weeds and rodents Post farmers in the United States nearly 13 billion dol- lars each yet.r, the Food and Agri- culture Organization of the United Nations says. Measures against these crop killers, the FAO adds, are more efficient in the United States than in foreign lands where the food problem ismost critical. * * *' JAPAN, because of its large pop- ulation and small land area, has been forced to become the world's most successful nation in food pro- duction, according to the FAO. The nation produces 13,000 calories per day for each cultivated acre while the United States produces 5,000 calories for each cultivated acre, the USSR 2,700 and India 3,000. To be well-fed, an individual needs from 2,000 to 2,800 calories daily, depending on the climate and energy used. Japan, although most unsuccess- ful in crop production, still does not produce sufficient food for her mounting population. The average caloric need for the Japanese is 2,330, more than 200 calories over the country's average daily con- sumption. The United States, United King- dom, USSR, most of Western Eu- rope and some South American countries either produce or import enough food to feed their people. The great population centers in Asia and the Far East are in the most need of additional food pro- India made progress in increas- ing her food production during the first of her five-year plans which ended in 1956. But crop failures, and an increased emphasis on in- dustrialization, has the last two years wiped out much of what was gained, the FAO says. Gains made in food production in recent years, the Population Reference Bureau says, "tend to make the food-rich countries richer and the food-poor countries poorer by reason of mounting population." The research agency says that unless birth rates are lowered in those countries with the greatest -food problems, "death rates will rise, ultimately and inevitably" to to check the population increase. DAILY OFFICIAL BULLETIN rhe Daily officiai Bulletin is an .4 49 , f' ' I INTERPRETING THE NEWS: 'The Sureness of Death' By J. M. ROBERTS Associated Press News Analyst ARE THE PEOPLES of the earth to cry once more the miserere, the plea, and the la- ment, for man? For years the free world has believed that international Communism did not intend an outright war in the face of powerful military deterrents. That has been true since the very first years of the cold war, even in the last years of Stalin. It has been buttressed by 'Nikita Khrushchev's repeated assertions that his faction expected to win by peaceful economic competition, not war. But in the last few days, since the Soviet Premier blew up his conferences with the Brit- ish Prime Minister with a public denunciation of practically everything that the West and Macmillan stand for, worry has mounted. THE SOVIET UNION and the United States now assume the positions of the ancient code, of two men tying their left wrists to- gether in preparation for a knife fight to the death. In those days the fights frequently ended with the collapse of both participants before actual death. &Mtn t gait Date Editorial Staff RICHARD TAUB, Editor MICHAEL KRAFT JOHN WEICHER Editorial Director City Editor DAVID TARR Associate Editor Business Staff STEPHEN TOPOL, Business Manager CAROL HECHT .......... Associate Business Manager RICHARD MARTENS ............ Advertising Manager THOMAS CREED ...... ......... Finance Manager RONALD BURKHARD ............ Accounts Manager But no one knows now whether, in a modern. war, even the most remote inhabitants of New Guinea could survive. In such case, in all sanity, it must be pre- sumed that war will not be permitted to hap- pen. , Harold Macmillan returns home in an at- mosphere far more dangerous, on the surface, than the one in which a predecessor, Neville Chamberlain, returned from negotiations with Adolf Hitler at Munich. Yet public reaction in Britain is far calm- er than in the United States. The press very largely takes the attitude that the trip is not a complete failure, even it it only adds knowl- edge of the hopelessness of negotiations. IN MODERN WAR there could be no sanctu- aries such as the Chinese Reds enjoyed be- yond the Korean border. Complete and utter destruction must be the intent of both sides from the first day, for none will know whether the first day is to be the last. Biological warfare might even surpass nu- clear warfare in destructiveness, spreading its effects far beyond the area of war and striking, like fallout, long after the immediate battle is over. Berlin isn't worth it. Except in the light of knowledge that if there is surrender of Ber- lin it will be only the first step toward sur- render of everything. It would be the old story of man holding death better than some things. But the very sureness of death itself must bolster the belief that the armed truce will continue, with borderline skirmishes, because - it must; that war becomes its own greatest deterrent. New Books at the Library Mills, C. Wright - The Causes of World War Three; NY, Simon and Schuster, 1958. Schlesinger. Arthn -. The Conming of the r LETTERS TO THE EDITOR: 'Mind Molding' Called Conceivable, Not Factual To the Editor: UNLESS Dr. James V. McConnell has evidence of which I am not aware, his initial statement (Michigan Daily, February 25, 1959) would be hard to defend on the basis of limited generalization from present psychological evi- dence. This is not a picayune com- plaint, because such a sweeping claim is likely to influence the way people think about psychology in a way which is not justified in the present situation. Recall the statement, "Today psychologists, given the proper conditions, can change any normal human being from what he is into whatever you want him to be." This is a present claim-"to- day." There is an "out"-"given the proper conditions." However, that it has never been successfully tried is not proof that it can be done. The rest of the statement says psychologists can change anyone (assuming "normality") in any and every way. I agree that certain changes can be made to occur. But not only is the geperal- ity of the statement unsupported by available evidence, consider one area where it is almost certainly untrue: ability (can you change I.Q.=00 to I.Q.=190?). To sum up, my feeling that the statement needs to be qualified is based on two points: 1) Psychol- ogists have not demonstrated that tual. The statement could never be proven true, since to cover any individual and any change would require an infinite number of ex- periments. As a body of evidence accumulates, however, the state- ment would be accepted or re- jected with increasing confidence. The amount of evidence necessary for confidence, and the ways of interpreting such evidence are at least to some extent matters of individual preference. This much attention seemed called for, because such a state- ment might unjustifiably influ- ence people either favorably or unfavorably toward psychology and psychologists. However, as- suming the statement to, be true, it is worth considering what the individual and social implications would be. William Morrison, Grad. Congratulations .. . To the Editor: CONGRATULATIONS on your article (Sunday, Feb. 22) on the University's television office and some of its offerings. I suspect Senimore Says that all too few members of the University community know how big a contribution the television office makes to University public relations and television education, or realize how great is its potential for the future. The article was called to my attention by a colleague who wanted to see the Alaska show and was disappointed to find that it was over by the time he read the article. Assuming that features like this one may be planned for the future, and that are designed to stimulate some active interest as well as report events, would it be worthwhile to get them out a day in advance of the show they report? (I suppose you preview the shows and look over the scripts, eh?). One other problem: You quote' me as saying, "Ever since man has had to earn his bread by the sweat of his brow, he has probably sung while he worked," a statement that most of your thoughtful read- ers would question- (one did, in talking to me yesterday) anddthat my fellow folklorists would hoot at. They know that most work songs are of relatively recent origin, none of them as prehistoric as that statement would imply, and that centuries or millenia of grunting, shouting and chanting doubtless preceded the first work song prop- er. The script (and, I nope, the sound track) says, "Singing and Y *1 - -~VI I