-.I 4, 1 4 *i . wi- Robert Williams on revolution .. . Continued from Page 8 through the "democratic" process, the only hope for us is self-determination. I mean a separate country-perhaps five southern states. This would have to be establish- ed with assistance from whites and with assist- ance even from the government. There have been other nations all around the world who are paying reparations to some people-black peo- ple deserve reparations because they've b e e n cheated, they've been enslaved, worked without pay, and when they did get paid they've been un- derpaid. So, they have to bill America. It would be only natural to get reparations. But where I differ from some of the nation- alists who call themselves revolutionaries is, they think this can be done by force. I don't think self-determination could be accomplished by force unless America collapsed. Otherwise means that blacks will have to use are to reach whites and convince whites that this is the proper thing to do, that this is the moral thing, and that it would be better for whites and blacks because this nation could also faserve as a vent; all this built-up tensionsand emotion could be released into a new nation. I think the government would concede five states: when economic collapse and race rela- tbons are bad to the point where they start dis- rupting society, and start disrupting industry. there would not be any other alternative to stop a racial explosion that would destroy the country. Notes on Cuba In Cuba I had some disagreements with party officials. I was a nationalist-I am a nationalist now-and the Cuban government position was that this is a class struggle in the United States, They have the impression that the white worker is the ally of the oppressed black people, that white workers too are oppressed and exploited-- which to some extent they may be, but not to the same extent as black people. The fact is that some Cuban party workers wanted to put the white worker and the black American on the same level, and they wanted to negate the fact of racial discrimination. They saw thatas playing aless- important role than the class struggle. Some party officials told me that they couldn't stress nationalismand selfdetermina- tion for black people because the Cubans have got a big black population-that if they supported self-determination for black people in the Unit- ed States it might alsohave some impact on their black people. If they supported it here, some black people would get the idea that they too should have self-determination, which would put the Cubans in an embarrassing position. That was always a source of friction between us. In one case, the Ministry of Culture had a national culture group and a dance troop, and I remember that it handed down a memorandum to the group responsible for selecting dancers to go to Europe saying that they should tone down the color a little, because they were getting too many blacks in national dance groups and some people abroad were getting the impression t h a t Cuba was a black country. Black Cubans-who make up about 30 per cent of the population-still have some African religion and culture. But on television, the Cub- ans still have old movies from the United States, that star people like Stepinfetchit, and b 1 a c k people in the roles that blacks played 10 or 15 years ago. You wouldn't find any black people in the government in high, policy-making positions. It's like a pyramid: at the bottom you have a, broad base of blacks, who can participate in all phases of national life. But the higher up the pyramid you go in the power structure, the blacks get smaller and smaller. Until when you get to the top, there are none. But racism in Cuba was never as severe as in the states, and it isn't now. Americans are so busy looking for something derogatory and negative about tCommunism that they go overboard. The reason I criticize Cuban racial discrimination is because I feel that in a Socialist society there shouldn't be any. It doesn't mean that it's worse in Cuba than in the United States. Because it isn't, and even for anybody to have that Im- pression would be a tragic mistake. They don't have police brutality against the black Cubans. They don't have a lynching tradition against the black Cubans. And they don't have any clear cut ghetto lines. Notes on Chin The students started the Cultural Rev'olu- tion, they were the vanguard and triggered the whole thing. But in later stages, the workers came out. The Chinese people were criticizing everybody, even Mao Tse-tung and Chou en Lai. At one time everybody was up for questioning and nobody knew who was really going to come out on top. Mao didn't even know if he was going to come out on top. He had a desperate struggle and he almost went under. In fact, who could stop the people? The soldiers couldn't stop them because the soldiers are part of the people. Sometimes people got angry and got worked up, and they would go to the armory and take weapons. The soldiers wouldn't do anything, be- Continued on Page 23 . 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Johnny Friedlaender William Gropper Terry Haas Jacob Landau Lillian Lent Gabor Peterdi Clayton Pond Rudy Pozzati Donald Saff Ben Shahn Sarai Sherman Helen Siegl Carol Summers Ruf ino Tamayo Carillonner of Burton Tower KATHLEEN SHORTRIDGE is a Uni- versity graduate student in journalism. d She writes for the Michigan Journalist. p DANIEL ZWERbLING, editor of The a Daily Magazine, is a junior in LSA. a He has written for The New RepublicM The Washington Post Sunday maga- D zine, and Today's Education. k DANIEL OKRENT rose last summer U from the Daily's feature editor post of P 1968-69: to an editorship at Alfred c Knopf publishers in New York City. L FRANK BROWNING, a senior in N American Studies, has written for the E Collegiate Press Service. 1 The Daily Magazine, VOL. I, No. 1, April 12, 1 420 Maynard, Ann Arbor, Michigan. TOWARD KOH irector of The ast editor of th ging editpr of T nd sports writer MARY RADTKE )ONALD HOLM nown adolescen Jniversity. He h ublications (bes al journals and adies' Home Joi VEAL BRUSS, a nglish, edited th 968. He writes f, William Weege FORSYTHE GALLERY 201 NICKELS ARCADE. ANN ARBOR. MICHIGAN 970. Printed by T DANIEL ZWERDLING, editor HOWARD KOHN, editorial assistant Cover photo by Jay Cassidy. Photos on p. 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11, 14 bI Howard Kohn; on 17, 19 by Tom Copi. i MMMMEX" a L al I Page Twenty-two THE DAILY MAGAZINE Sunday, April 12, 1970 Sunday, April 12, 1970 THE DAILY MAGAZINE