The

'liberal education: Change

in

the

future?

By HARVARD VALLANCE
Should the bachelors degree in
the literary college be abolished?
Should incoming freshmen be ad-
mitted by random selection?
Should undergraduates be free of
competitive examinations?
These questions are a part of
the output of the LSA preparatory
committee, says Associate Dean of
the literary college Alfred Suss-
man. The committee has been
working since last October to lay
the groundwork for the establish-
ment next fall of a commission
which will conduct -a major re-
evaluation of the goals, structure,
and priorities of liberal education
at the University.
The task of the commission,
Sussman explains, will be to at-
tempt to answer the questions rais-
ed by the preparatory committee
and tso possibly offer suggestions to
the Board of Regents about im-
plementing proposed changes.

The commission, which will con-
sist of five faculty members, five
students, and a non-voting chair-
man, will organize next fall after
its proposed $142,000 budget is
acted upon by various foundations.
The re-evaluative study of the lit-
erary college is scheduled to last
two years.
The preparatory committee,
which includes President Robben
Fleming, the deans of the literary
college, three university vice pre-
sidents, nine professors and three
students, will raise questions for
the commission about the, facets
of "liberal arts" education. It will
also pose questions which might
help the college "respond effec-
tively", says Sussman, to the de-
mands of a rapidly changing so-
ciety.
"Anything and everything is be-
ing questioned," says Mark Rosen-
baum, '70, a member of the com-
mittee. "This is the first time

the University as an institution
has begun to question itself."
Most of the actual work of the
committee, he continues, was dele-
gated to a subcommittee of stu-
dents, faculty and administrators.
Since October, subcommittee
members have done a tremendous
amount of research, says Rosen-
baum. A preparatory committee
"library" has been established, he
adds, which includes, along with
an assortment of educational jour-
nals and recent books on educa-
tional crises, copies of similar re-
evaluation studies conducted by
other universities.
The preparatory committee is
now nearing completion of its
work, he says. A 40-page draft of
the subcommittee's work was re-
leased March 1 for review by the
larger committee.
Some of the questions consider-
ed, in the draft, according to Suss-
man, include the possibility of a

more direct involvement of t h e
University in applying its resourc-
es to solving specific social prob-
lems. One question raised is the
possibility of establishing a "soc-
ial engineering center" for this
purpose.
Another suggestion is that fu-
ture demands for adult education
be studied.
Questions are also raised about
the possible roles that students
can play in the allocation of Uni-
versity funds and in tenure decis-
ions.
Other facets of literary college
operations that are being evaluat-
ed for future study include the in-
ternal operations of the college,
and the responsibilities of the col-
lege to the Ann Arbor and De-
troit metropolitan communities.
Sussman predicts that the draft
will be approved with "only minor
changes" at the committee's next
meeting late this month.

The danger that the commis-
sion to be established next year
might "merely produce fine rhe-
toric to placate the consciences of
the administration" was recog-
nized at the meeting, Rosenbaum
says English professor Daniel
Fader will draw , up what Rosen-
baum terms a "preamble" to the
report. The preamble, he says. will
attempt to give the draft the di-
rection it needs "to insure that
the eventual commission will pro-
duce fruitful results rather than
the usual package of rhetoric and
good intentions."
Sussman says that the f i v e fa-
culty members to serve on the
commission would be chosen dur-
ing the summer or early in the
fall term, whenever the projects'
budget is finalized..
The draft suggests that the five
student members of the commis
sion be chosen by the LSA Student
Government Executive Council.

The mechanism of the commis-
sion is also dealt with in the draft.
"In order to demonstrate and
dramatize the importance of these
issues to the faculty and students
oody" much of the work of the
commission will take place in open
forums in which leaders in edu-
cation, government, labor a n d
business would be involved a n d
testimony should be taken f r o m
students, faculty and staff as
well." according to the draft.
In addition, the draft suggests
that progress reports be issued
by the commission and that spec-
ial seminar courses relating to
current problems in education be
offered at the University in order
to help "focus University-wide at-
tention" on the re-evaluation
study.
Rosenbaum believes the amount
of student involvement in the final
comission will insure that, sug-
gestion, for change that it may

produce will have "significant" im-
pact on future college policies.
"Students and faculty," he claims,
"will act as effective lobbying
agents because of their role in the
preparation of the report and
their ultimate stake in its final
recommendations."
The recommendation of the pre-
paratory committee last fall that
half of the subcommittee be com-
posed of students was itself, he
says. "a significant milestone" at
the University.
"Student's opinion" Rosenbaum
adds, "rceived the full force of
recognition" in preparation of the
preparatory committee's draft.
"The faculty and administrators
have recognized the role and com-
mittment of students at the Uni-
versity and have demonstrated
their respect for that fact by pre-
paring an equal representation of
faculty and students on the final
commission," he says.

IDISCIP'LINE&A&&
DISPUTE RENEWED
~~See Editorial Page Mrt
s
Vol LXXX, No 51 Ann Arbor, Michigon-Saturday, April4 1970 Ten Cents

SLUSHY
High-9 0
ILow--22
Varia ble cloudinss,
ight chance of rain
Eight Pages

-Associated Press
MARK RUDD, left, Bill Ayers, center and Bernadine Dohrn, right, are three of 12 Weathermen
recently charged with violating the fedtae nt-rit law in Chicago, None of the 12 have been
arrested yet.
Federal clerk in Chicago terms
selection of Hof fman 'random'

Refuse to
test law on
Vietnam
2 federal judges
dely petition to
enjoin orders
BOSTON 1P, - Two federal
j u d g e s yesterday refused to
interfere with the ordering of
a Massachusetts s o 1 d i e r to
Vietnam. The soldier had
based his challenge to the or-
ders on a new state law aimed
at testing the legality of the'
war.
The soldier's petition, seeking
to enjoin the Army from sending
him to Vietnam, was first denied
in U.S. District Court which claim-
ed it did not have 'jurisdiction in
the case, and finally by the First
U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals
without any explanation.
The petition for the delay, filed
by John Griffin, was the first test
of a law signed only Thursday,
which allows Massachusetts serv-
icemen to refuse orders to a com-
bat zone which is "not an emer-
gency" and "not otherwise au-
thorized in the powers granted
to the President as Commander in
Chief."
The U.S. Constitution specifical-
ly gives the power to declare war
to Congress, which has not declar-
ed war in connection with the
fighting in Vietnam.
Despite the two refusals to tam-
per with the orders, Griffin's law-
yers said they plan to file a new
appeal on his behalf on Monday
to insure that Griffin would re-
main in the country pending a
test of the new state law.
Griffin's action was separate
from the plans of the Massachu-
setts attorney general to take the
law directly to the U.S. Supreme
Court for a hearing.
Pvt. John J. O'Brien, 19, also
under orders to go to Vietnam,
has volunteered to serve as a test
case of the new law for the state.
"I really have no malice," said
O'Brien, "but it is a case of Mas-
sachusetts law." -
Massachusetts Atty. Gen. Robert
H. Quinn, who is required under
the law to defend servicemen who
refuse such combat orders, said no
See COURT, Page 3

Daily-Thomas R. Copi
Pl eo pie who live in, glass houses .
Workmen at the Ann Ai bor Bank on South University remove all the glass from broken and un-
broken windows yesterday. Boards were temporarily installed until the bank puts on a new front.
The bank's windows were smashed during two different demonstrations on campus.

Hike in
postage
-
possible
Nixon asks ten
cent letter to
offset pay raise
WASHINGTON ( - Presi-
dent Nixon yesterday proposed
increasing f i r s t c 1 a s s mail
rates to lOc a letter as part of
a plan to fund pay increases
for 5.3 million civilian em-
ployes and military personnel.
In a special message, Nixon said
his plan would offset the cost of
a six per cent wage increase for
the workers retroactive to Dec. 27,
1969. The wage agreement, reach-
ed during negotiations between the
government and union negotiators
on Thursday, does not cover about
600,000 blue collar federal workers.
Postal workers, however, would
be granted an additional eight
per cent increase, effective if and
when Congress approves pending
legislation to transform the Post
Office Department into a quasi-
public corporation.
The most significant part of
the package recommended to Con-
gress is the postal reform plan
which would rearrange the rates
on all classes of mail. In addition
to the higher rates, the plan sug-
gests increasing parcel po s t
charges 15- per cent, "junk mail"
advertising rates five per cent,
second-class mailings 12 per cent
and single-piece third-class mail
67 per cent.
It is unclear at this time wheth-
er any change in the current 10c
air mail rate would accompany the
increase of the first class rate to
ten cents. James Hargrove, as-
sistant postmaster general, sug-
gested that the air mail rate might
be merged with the first-class
charge at a uniform, ten-cent
level, however.
The $300 million raised by in-
creasing rates other than the let-
ter rate would finance the postal
workers' increases. The change in ,
first-class letter rates would bring
in an expected $2.3 billion in the
next year, and along with existing
surplus funds would cover the six
per cent across the board wage
hike.
In addition, Nixon proposed ex-
See NJXON, Page 3

CHICAGO (MP-The announce-
ment that Judge Julius J. Hoff-
man, presiding judge in the Chi-
cago 7 trial, would hear a second
case involving political dissenters,
has caused a flurry of speculation
that the controversial judge had
been specifically chosen to hear
the case.
But Elbert Wagner, clerk of the
U.S. District Court that will hear
the case, denied the charge and
said the 74-year-old judge's name
was simply chosen for the case
using the court's usual random se-
lection method of assigning cases.
The whole problem arose Thurs-
s day, when Judge Hoffman was as-
signed to hear the trial of 12 mem-
bers of the Weatherman faction of
Students for a Democratic Society.
The 12 weathermen are charged
with conspiring to cross state lines
to incite rioting in Chicago last
October, the same charge involved
in the Chicago 7 trial.
During the five-month Chicago
7 trial, the defendants accused
federal officials of arranging the
assignment cards so 'Hoffman
would preside over their case. The
judge denied this, however, and
often explained the lottery system
in open court.
According to the system, the
names of the nine active judges
are printed on small, white cards.
Twenty-two decks of 18 cards-all
containing the name of each judge
on two cards-are made up. Each
*deck represents a category such as
criminal, civil or bankruptcy cases,
and two of the 22 decks are for
reassignment of cases in which
judges disqualify themselves.
After the decks are completed,'
each one is shuffled and a case
number is stamped on the blank
side of the oards. When .the card
4 with the number for the Weather-
man case was turned over, it bore
Judge Hoffman's name, so the case
was assigned to him. e
"This system is never varied
with any case, never." said W ig-
ner in response, to the speculation.
And Judge Hoffman merely added,

from one to four counts of actual- of the 12 persons have been seen
ly inciting a riot. publicly in several weeks.

If convicted, each defendant
faces a maximum sentence of five
years in prison and a $10,000 fine
on each count.
More than 300 persons were ar-
rested and several policemen were
injured in the incidents from Oct.
8 to Oct. 11. Hundreds of youths
poured out of Lincoln Park on
Oct. 8 and went on a window-
smashing spree. Another group
marched through the downtown
area Oct. 11 and hurled bricks at
store windows.
Bonds ranging from $50.000 to,
$100.00 were set for the 12 pen-
ding their arrest.
Thomas A. Foran. who served
as the prosecutor in the Chicago 7
case and will prosecute in the
Weathermen case as well, said the
search would be difficult because
"all we have are their parents' ad-
dresses, and these people haven't
lived at home'in years."
FBI agents concentrated on the
Chicago, New York City and Cali-
fornia regions where young radi-
cals are known to congregate. Few

Prior to Thursday's indictments,
the FBI already was seeking 5 of
the 12 on fugitive warrants for
failure to appear in Chicago courts
on state charges stemming from
the October violence which was
labeled the Weatherman's "Na-
tional Action" program.
Among those indicted was Kathy
Boudin, 26, who reportedly fled to
Canada with Cathlyn Wilkerson,
24, an unindicted co-conspirator,
after a March 6 explosion at a
Greenwich Village townhouse own-
ed by Miss Wilkerson's father.
Chicago police also were seeking
Miss Boudin and Bernardine
Dohrn, a former SDS national
secretary, in connection with a
bomb chace discovered Monday in
a North Side Chicago apartment.
The FBI also is working on the1
explosives investigation.
With Miss Boudin and Miss
Dohrn, 27, the defendants are:
Mark Rudd, 22, Jeffrey Jones, 22,
Linda Evans, 22, Howard Mach-
tinger, 23, John Jacobs. 22, Terry
Robbins, 22. Judy Clark, 21, Mi-
chael Spiegel, and Lawrence Weiss.

ROUND TWO:

50 students convicted in LSA
sit-in trials fil1e appeal, claims

By LINDSAY CHANEY proceedings which they claim are
Round two of the LSA sit-in legitimate grounds for appeal.
trials is now beginning as almost One of the most frequent ir-
50 convicted students have filed regularities cited by the students
claims of appeal: is that each side in the trials was
avlowed only two peremnptory jury

"I basically want to screw
them up," said one student when
asked why he decided to appeal.
"The contention, charge is ri-
diculous," he added, "and we want
to bug them as much as possible
so they'll think twice before they
decide to hassle someone like this
again."
Other students who are appeal-
ing their convictions echo this
sentiment to a certain degree and
r int out irregularities in the trial

ulluwuu wily twu NvivauNbuiy quay

challenges apiece when the
allows five challenges per
fendant.

law
de-

A VALUABLE REFERENDUM?

The elusive SGC

By RICK PERLOFF
Daily News Analysis
Stacked neatly in the Student Govern-
ment Council office are the results of

SGC's housing referendum.
What do the votes mrean?
Student leaders say they
mandate for the Universi y to
spaces of emergency housing
initiate planning of low-cost
5000 occupants..

serve as a
provide 1000
by fall and
housing for

sharply disagree. International
(IS) Daniel Boothby, who dr
referendum, says that floating
government bonds, which the
can do in its role as a statei
would enable it to finance the h
But Director of University
John Feldkamp disagrees, conte
construction costs are so high
offs't any saving accrued by i
bonds. Boothby also disputes thi;
and claims that Feldkamp exagi
prices.I
EJ Salowitz. assistant direct(
versity housing, also is pessimi

housing vote
1 Socialist It believes that a tuition assessment is
afted the necessary to finance the construction of
g low-cost the housing. Feldkamp has said he would
University interpret the referendum as an informal
institution, mandate for such an assessment.
ousing. Vice President for State Relations and
Housing Planning Arthur Ross also recognizes the
nding that assessment as a way of raising the capi-
they will tal, but does not consider housing of suf-
ssuing the ficient priority to include it in an antici-
s, however, pated tuition hike.
gerates the On the basis of this skepticism. adminis-
trators believe the construction of housing
r of Uni- called for in the referendum is unrealistic,
istic about making the referendum essentially mean-

A peremptory challenge means
that either the defense or prose-
cution may request that a juror
be disqualified without giving any
reason.
Other irregularities charged by
various students concern alleged.
bias by the judges in the way they
handled defense motions and gave
instructions to the jury.
One hundred and seven students
were arrested in the LSA sit-in
on Sept. 26 and were charged with
contention. Contention is a mis-
demeanor carrying a maximum
penalty of 90 days in jail and a
$100 fine plus court costs.
All but three of thef students
sentenced so far have been given
seven days in jail,- a $40 fine, and
$200 court costs, with the option
to spend an additional 45 days in
jail instead of the fine and court
costs. The other three students re-
ceived sentences of 14 days and
a $75 fine as well as court costs.
Each s.udents also received 15
months probation for his convic-
tion.
In any criminal case, the de-
fendant has an automatic right to
appeal within 20 days after being
s% ntenced. The first step to an!
appeal is to file a series of papers'
called a "claim of appeal."

Charles Thomas, 32, a resident
of Superior Township, was ar-
reste; early Thursday morning on)
charges of throwing a brick at a
city policeman during a demon-
stration behind the Administra-
tion Bldg. March 19.
Thomas is the fifth person to
be arrested on charges stemming
f: om the demonstration, which
occurred after the Regents took
action on the Black Action Move-
ment demands for increased

listed his occupation as an unem-
ployed actor when arrested.
The March- 19 clash took place
after students gathered to protest
regental action on the demands.
Approximately 1000 students had
massed on Thompson t. when
police arrived and attempted to
keep demonstrators awaydfrom
the Administration Bldg. door.
The police stayed approximately
forty-five minutes, setting up a
l n ,,. th.corner of Jeffeson

The lawyers for the defense and
prosecution then file a series of
briefs and counter briefs stating
their positions in the case.
After all the briefs have been
filed, the prosecution and defense
each decide whether they wish to
argue the case. If either side does,
the case is argued before the cir-
cuit court judge.
If either side wants to argue the
case, the whole appeal procedure
could easily take over a year.
As the situation of the LSA
trials now stands, 12 persons have
been aquitted, six have been con-
victed and have served their sen-
tence, one mistrial has been de-
clared, three people have left the
city, 21 have not been tried yet,
48 have been convicted and are
appealing, and the rest have been
convicted but not yet sentenced.

Thomas arrested for
incident at Ad Bldg.

Administrators take a more negative
posit-on. saying th y view the referendum
as an :expression of student sentiment, but
rdo not internret its annroval as a mandate