FRIDAY, DECEMBER 1, 1967 THE MICHIGAN DAILY FAGE FIV FRIDAY, DECEMBER 1,1967 THE MICHIGAN DAILY PAGE FlV~ CHANGING STRUCTURE: exploring Ideology of SNCC: Revolution or Violent Talk? Senate Passes Bill Barring INVALUABLE DOCUMENTS: At-Large House Elections WASHINGTON (A') - Senate redistricted in accord with court 'U' Collections To Receive Philippine Historical Papers approval yesterday completed con- gressional action on a bill barring By DON McKEE Associated Press News Analysis ATLANTA-Guerrilla war and black rebellion have become new themes for the young Negro lead- ers of an organization once known for its nonviolent sit-ins and Freedom Rides for civil rights. "We have no alternative but to use aggressive, armed violence," said one of the leaders, Stokely Carmichael. During an August trip to Cuba, he proposed urban guerrilla war by Negroes in the United States. Carmichael, 26, belongs to the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Comnfittee (SNCC) a small band of self-styled revolutionaries who are no longer students, nor non- violent Vocal Power During a year as SNCC chair- man, Carmichael vocalized Black Power, the mystique of the new militants, and led the organiza- tion to unpopular and extremist positions, creating all-Negro poli- tical parties, opposing the military draft, the Vietnam war and call- ing for Negroes to take up arms. His successor as SNCC chair- man, H. Rap Brown, has followed suit. "Wet are at war!'" Brown shout- ed to a crowd of Negroes in New York not too long ago. "We are caught behind enemy lines and you better get yourselves some guns!" Field Travels Carmichael relinquished the SNCC chairmanship last May, say- ing he would return to the field to organize. The field has taken him far. He has embraced Cuba's Castro, de- nounced U.S. capitalism and "im- perialism," and paid his respects to Communist North Vietnam af- ter yelling his antidraft slogan across America-"Hell, no! I ain't going". He hopped from England to, Cuba, to Vietnam and Algiers. Other SNCC men traveled abroad also. They included George Washington Ware who went to Cuba and SNCC's former program director, Cleveland L. Sellers, who attended a Communist-dominated ban-the-bomb convention in Tok- yo. The angry speechesshave stirred demands in Congress and else- where for prosecution-on charges of sedition or treason, or some- thing. One proposal would revoke the citizenship of the Trinidad- born Carmichael. But despite all the angry SNCC' talk, there has been no sign of an actual program of guerrilla war or armed rebellion. In fact it has very little discernible program. "You don't conduct guerrilla war through the public press," re- marked one of the now inactive organizers of SNCC. It is true that the violent talk, the calls for guerrilla war, appeal to some Negroes, perhaps many of the restles youth. Carmichael and Brown are conceded "substantial" following among Negroes by vet- eran civil rights workers in other organizations. SNCC has a very small mem- bership, estimated at no more than 100 by informed sources. A year ago, it was about 230. It has some campus affiliates. Carmichael's summer tour of Ne- gro campuses heightened interest, if not support, and brought a warning by one college adminis- trator that Black Power had per- meated the campuses. Financial Trouble "They're really in terrible fi- nancial trouble," a source said. That is not unusual now. But in its heyday, SNCC had strong finan- cial and moral support from many sources, especially college cam- puses. "Today the response is to Snick," said Atlanta attorney Howard Moore Jr., whomoften defends SNCC and its members in the courts. "Snick is the vanguard of the movement. Snick has intro- duced the revolutionary ideas." And, indeed, SNCC sometimes has been ahead of the bigger, slower moving or more conserva- tive civil rights organizations. It has forced others to take stronger, more militant stands. When Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. shifted to a more outspoken stand opposing U.S. policy in Viet- nam, he drew considerable criti- cism and lost some supporters. at-large election of House mem- utd NCC had taken a tronger bers except for next year's elec- stand more than a year before. tions in Hawaii and New Mexico. SNCC began with King's help- By a 54-24 roll-call vote the as a student arm of the nonvio- Senate yielded to the insistence of lent movement. It grew out of the House that an exception be lunch counter sit-ins, made for these two states, which When King launched the 1965 always have elected their two voting rights drive in Alabama, House he ers cttdl teirather SNCC, which had preceded him House members at large rather in Selma, joined the nonviolent than from districts. ranks but grew more impatient The Senate originally had voted orders. Sen. Birch Bayh (D-Ind.) said that not only in his own state but in California, New York, Pennsyl- vania and other states candidates for Congress might have to run at large. Baker, backed by Sen. Edward Brooke (R-Mass.), said an im- portant principle is at stake andj contended that if the Senate stood fast, the House might yield. Hawaii's senators, Republican Hiram L. Fong and Democrat with each march.t Carmichael went to work int Lowndes County to organize ae Negro third party under the Blackt Panther emblem. j After his election as SNCC t chairman, Carmichael emphasized ' political power, third parties, Ne- gro control of their communities. No WhitesV Whites were no longer welcome in SNCC. A former member saide he know of no whites in the or-y ganization now. "There werec about four out of 100 last Septem- v ber," he said. But in 1964, SNCCr had about 50 whites in the 250- member group and some werea staff.-C9 Other civil rights organizations -notably the Congress of Racial, Equality-have eased whites out of leadership posts to varying de-{ grees as part of a trend toward black leadership, but SNCC is thea only one without any whites. Carmichael at the time dis- claimed any violent connotations in Black Power. But with the fail- ure of a Black Panther politicalt slate in the Lowndes County elec-1 tions, however, he took an in-s creasingly militant tack-within a few months hitting the campuses with calls for Negro students tor take control.- Militant Movesc His definition of terms changed.f In Cuba, he defined Black Power as "unification of the Negro popu- lation to fight for their liberation and to take up arms."I Even more violent speeches came from new SNCC chairman Brown. Brown, 23, is a relative newcomer to SNCC, and was unknown pub- licly before his election. Carmichael's foreign travels have drawn criticism from some snick supporters. But former SNCC member Bond, who maintains contact with the organization, gave this explana- tion: "The whole idea is to inter- nationalize what most people con- sider strictly a domestic problem." One assessment of the small, radical SNCC is provided by the man who was keynote speaker at the first meeting in 1960. He is the Rev. James Lawson, a pastor in Memphis, Tenn. "The hysterical wing of our society will try to smash Snick," he said. "That's a real danger. If that does not happen and Snick runs its course under present lead- ership, it will become a fringe group in the civil rights move- ment." to require that all states entitled to more than one congressman IDaniel K. Inouye, and Sen. Clin- elect their representatives by dis- ton P. Anderson (D-N.M.) urged tricts. Sen. Howard Baker Jr. (R- that their states be allowed to de- Tenn.) led an unsuccessful fight fer establishing congressional dis- to persuade his colleagues to tricts until after the 1968 elec- stand by this principle. tions. Eliminate Gerrymandering ~~U~ The ban on at-large elections *~/ Ii. was all that was left of legislation 'e designed to eliminate gerrymand- ering and set standards limiting WASHINGTON W-~These in-1 variations in the population of creases in minimum postal rates congressional districts in accord have been approved by both the with the Supreme Court's one- Senate and House and will take man, one-vote rulings, effect in January: The legislation bogged down in -First class letters-from 5 to a deadlock between the Senate 6 cents. and the House. -First class cards-from 4 to 5 cents. The prohibition on at-large Airmail letters-from 8 to 10 elections except in Hawaii and Ascents. New Mexico in 1968 was attached -Airmail cards-from 6 to 8 as a rider to a private relief bill cents. By MARY LOU SMITH The acquisition of a microfilmed copy of the papers of the late Philippine Commonwealth Presi- dent Manuel Quezon will make the University a prime research cen- ter for Philippine history, accord- ing to Prof. David Steinberg of the history department. "The papers are fantastically valuable. No one knows for sure what is in them," Steinberg ex- plained. Quezon was president of the Philippine Commonwealth from 1935 to 1944. He led the country through its crucial period of prog- ress toward independence and World War II when the country was ravaged. Stored in Rackham jUnder an agreement with the Philippine National Library, which currently holds the papers, the University will pay the $8,000 cost of sorting, arranging, and micro- filming the papers. In return, the University will keep a copy of the microfilms in the Michigan His- torical Collection, in the Rackham Building. The original microfilm and the papers are to remain in Manila. Because Philippine records be- fore Quezon's time were sparse, the papers will be an invaluable re- source for research. Quezon was, "one of the most important South- east Asian leaders of the 20tH cen- tury-a predecessor of Sukarno," Steinberg said. His papers-some 180,000 letters, speeches, diaries, scrapbooks, pictures, and other documents-will give much insight into his thoughts and his dealings with such men as Franklin D. Roosevelt and Douglas MacArthur. Add to Knowledge "The period covered by the pa- pers is a critical one in both Phil- ippine and U.S. history. Our chief experiment in imperialism will al- three years to complete. It is urgent that the papers be mic- rofilmed now, Steinberg said, be- cause in another 10 years they will be too decayed to be usable." They have been flooded twice, and the tropical weather is hard on paper," he explained. Philippine Collection The Quezon papers will be a valuable addition to an already strong Philippine collection at the University. The collection now in- cludes the manuscripts of Michi- gan alumnus Frank Murphy, former Governor - General and first High Commissioner of the ways be of interest to historians, Philippines, and of former Univer- Warner noted. "With the collec- sity professors J. Ralston Haydon, tions the University already has, Murphy's Vice-Governor-General, the Quezon papers will add a val- and Dean C. Worcester, who uable dimension to our knowledge of this period." Since 80 per cent of Manilla was destroyed in World War II, those papers that remain are invaluable, Steinberg said. The University has expert librarians and archivists now working on the papers. A $6,000 grant from the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare' will defray most of the cost of filming the collection. The project will take two to served on the first Philippine !Commission. At the request of Dr. Robert Warner, director of the Michigan Historical Collections, Dr. David Sturdevant of Muskingum Col- lege began field work for the pro- ject in 1964. University President Harlan Hatcher wrote Philippine President Ferdinand Marcos about the project. Steinberg then travel- ed to the Philippines to complete the agreement. admitting Dr. Ricardo V. Samala as an immigrant entitled to perm- anent residence. 'Cause Chaos' While Baker urged rejection of the House amendment excepting Hawaii and New Mexico, other senators argued this would kill any chance for passage of the bill. Sen. Sam J. Ervin Jr. (D-N.C.) said it would cause chaos in next year's congressional elections be- cause at-large elections could be forced in states that have not yet -Second class regular--nonad- vertising matter from 2.8 to 3.4 cents per pound, the minimum from 1 cent to 1.3 cents each. Other rate increases differ in the Senate and House versions and will have to be compromised before a final bill can be passed. The House version would raise third class rates to a minimum 3.8 cents per piece, from the pres- ent 278 cents. The Senate bill would go to 3.6 cents in January and 4 cents a year later. _ _ _1 ;j , ,, E! ' :r I 3 Studeni 1967-1968 t Directory SALE ON I/il/el Protesters at NYU Force Dow Recruiter Off Campus SPECIAL SABBATH SERVICE with the BETH ISRAEL CONGREGATION FRIDAY at 8:00 P.M. TORAT EMET THE LAW OF TRUTH A New Torah Service with Music Composed by Isadore Freed, the late music director of Temple Israel, Lawrence, Long Island DR. RUDOLF B. SCHMERL Director of Program Development of Research Administration and Assistant Professor of English, College of Engineering The Evolution of American Identity John Planer will chant the Service with the Choir directed by Steven Ovitsky, Joan Spitzer, Organist AT ALL BOOKSTORES and STUDENT PUBLICATIONS BUILDING $1.25 AN EXCITING CHRISTMAS GIFT! SPECIAL GIFT CERTIFICATES AVAILABLE SUBSCRIBE NOW! DISCOUNTS! NEW YORK (P)-A noisy dem- onstration by about 200 stu- dents and faculty m e m b e r s cut short recruiting by the Dow Chemical Co. on New York Uni- versity's Greenwich Village cam- pus Wednesday. It was the latest in a series of similar demonstrations on cam- puses across the nation, protesting Dow's manufacture of napalm-a flammable jelly used in the Viet- nam war. Professor Included The NYU demonstrators includ- ed Prof. Conor Cruis O'Brien, former diplomat and one-time chief of UN operations in the Congo. He was appointed recently to a $100,000-a-year humanities professorship at NYU. O'Brien told a reporter that he supported the students because he considered the Vietnam war "un- just and immoral." He said it was wrong for the university to allow the Dow recruiters on campus. The students, carrying signs reading "Dow Deforms Children" and "Dow Deals Death," broke into the placement office where Dow recruiter Larry Silverstein' was interviewing graduate science students about possible employ- ment with the company. Brendon Sexton, a student lead- er, demanded a debate with Sil- verstein, who declined. Silverstein left after talking with four of the 11 students he had been scheduled to interview. A spokesman for Dow said the other seven will be interviewed later, either on campus or off. List Names At the request of Dr. Harold Whiteman, chancellor for student affairs, the demonstrators signed their names to sheets of paper. Whiteman said the names- about 200 students and about seven faculty members-would be submitted to the appropriate dis- ciplinary committees. Dow has said that napalm ac- counts for less than one half of one per cent of its total sales, but that the company intends to continue producing it as long as the government needs it. 1429 HILL STREET All Welcome i Ticket Office Open Weekdays 10:00 - 1:00 and 2:00 - 5:00 Vii OPEN TICKET Wed. & Thurs. SALES $1.75 & $1.25 UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN PLAYERS for the DEPT AF SPECH PRODUCTION Fri. - Sun. $2.00 & $1.50 Vr1. Vr3 %nrv of IMOLERE Comedy TH IENTLEMAN . l .Iwo felv Ail CATHLEEN VICTOR NESBITT BUONO IN STUDS TERKEL'S Scenery and Lighting by ELDON ELDER Directed by MARCELLA CISNEY A VERY FRENCH FARCE WED.-SAT., NOV. 29-- DEC. 2, 8 P.M. ALSO SUNDAY MATINEE, DEC. 3 2:30 pm.