"I" AGE EIGrHT THE MICHIGAN DAILY THURSDAY, OCTOBER 19, 1987 PAGE EIGHT THE MICHIGAN DAILY THURSDAY, OCTOBER 19, 1967 Willoi (Continued from Page 1) Several times a year military brass will fly in on special tran- sports to inspect the entire Willow Run installation. The atmosphere is described as frequently tense by some insiders. Competition for military research contracts is high. Project Michi- gan, the mainstay of the opera- tion is down to $2.5 million this year from $3.5 several years ago. Like any office the facility has its in-group jokes. "One of our favorite jokes is to talk about the Wn-military uses of the new ob- servatory in Hawaii," says a Wil- low Run staffer. "Publicly the of- ficials talk about the peaceful uses of the observatory. But everyone knows its there for tracking IC- BM's and satellites." Although WRL officials plead Ignorance on the matter; there is' informed speculation that the $4.3 million dollar observatory the Uni- versity is staffing in Maui, Hawaii will play a role in satellite warfare. The defense department spon- sored observatory may be used in Run the highly secretive spy satellite' business. Currently the Air-Force is de- veloping a top secret anti-satellite system to knock enemy satellites out of action undetected. The idea is to use sophisticated electronic devices to "bump" an enemy satellite (equipped with cameras and eavesdropping gear) out of action. The new observatory will "track the midcourse flights of . . . or- biting satellites with advanced in- frared sensing, measuring and rec- ording devices," according to Pres- ident Hatcher's 1963-64 Annual Report. Tracking the satellites would be an integral part of the anti-satel- lite system. And trade publications sugest that the new Hawaiian ob- sevatory could well be used, in that manner. Work at the Willow Run center started in 1946 when the facility was known as the Michigan Aero- nautical Research Center. The original work was done on adapt- Labs: ing ballistic missiles for defense purposes under Project Wizard. In 1950 WRL worked in co- operation with Boeing aircraft on a new missile system to knock out bomber aircraft called BOM- ARC: Boeing Michigan Aeronau- tical Research Center.' In 1953, the giant of all past and present research, Project Michigan was born and is still car- ried on under their auspices. Willis E. Groves, current head of Project Michigan says the basic purpose of Project Mich- igan was to "build better spec- tacles for our military" and that it is primarily concerned with radar and infrared research. According to Robert L. Hess who was director of Project Michigan from 1962-65 when he became director of the Highway Research Institute, "Project Mich- igan was the best investment ($70 million over the past 13 years) the army ever made The army was similarly im- pressed with Hess's work and in 'U lllitary Weseai,*cli 1964 awarded him the Outstand- ing Civilian Service Medal for his contributions as director of Project Michigan, noting that he had "succeeded in establishing and maintaining the University of Michigan as the leading free world authority in surveillance technology." Hess says he was shocked when he received the award: "I had no idea they were going to give me this, it was a wonderful surprise." The Willow Run center also maintains three national clearing- houses. One is the Ballistic Mis- siles Radiation Center (BAMI- RAC) which collects, analyzes and disseminates information rel- ative to ballistic missile radiation, a subject important in develop- ing a defense against such mis- siles. BAMIRAC does significant technical research in this area. An Infrared Information and Analysis center (IRIA) is now in its 13th year and disseminates information on infrared science and technology. A third center now in its seventh year dissemi- concerned with "The detection of nates information on "seismic chemical warfare agents using detection of underground nuclear passive Lopair techniques." In this explosions." project, which expires in January Although WRL is a nationwide 1969, Lowe is studying the ability. information center, it proves re- of a certain optical system (LO- ticent about disclosing the full PAIR) to detect chemical warfare extent of its own activities. agents. The University makes a "Quar- Scientists at the Willow Run cen- terly Compilation" of all research ter are actively involved in con- contracts on campus. But direc- ducting classifed symposiums. The tor Evaldson declines to release Willow Run center continues to the information on WRL in the conduct the semi-annual meetings compilation because "I believe of the Anti-Missile Research Ad- this goes into greater detail on visory Council (AMRAC) under our affairs than I could properly sponsorship of the Defense De- make public." pa rtment's ARPA. He will release his own "com- Willow Run scientists have also pilation of the projects," that ex- taken an active role in the ARPA cludes the "individual accounts sponsored "Counterinsurgency Re- or sub-projects" contained in the quarterly compilation. Some of the project names tend to be euphemistic. For example a $48,731 Navy sponsored project described as "Passive Lopair Sup- port Studies" with Donald S. Lowe a physicist in the Infrared and Optical Sensor Lab, is actually search and Development Sympo- digenous forces in friendly coun. sium" (CIRADS). Among those tries." who have attended the symposium "This was an effort to give peo- ar", valdson. James T. Wilson, ple who have been doing classified head of the IST. and Marvin Hol- work in this field a chance to get ter, head of the infrared and op- together and share their informa- tical sensor lab at WRL. tion." This year the University helped Zissis says about 300 to 400 per- plan and soensor the second an- sons attended the conference. nual CIRADS conference held in "There were people from British Houston in June. George Zissis, Intelligence, Thailand, Australia, head of the infrared physics lab at Hughes Aircraft, the Rand Corpo- WRL was program chairman. ration, George Washington Uni- Zissis says that the conference versity, and the Royal Canadian "was an interdisciplinary effort to Dragoons." find out what causes insurgency. "I tried to get someone to de- We had political scientists, sociol- liver a paper on how we could end ogists, economists, and scientists the conflict in Vietnam but no one deliver avers cn the difficult would do it." problem of how you handle in-- Tomorrow: The Spin-Off Center .. .. , IDA: A Military Research Braintrust By STEVE WILDSTROM Not all military research con- ducted by University scientists is done on campus. The University is one of the 12 schools that are members of the Institute for Defense Analyses (IDA), probably the world's larg- est scientific braintrust devoted to military work. IDA was formed in 1956 in re- sponse to the rapid growth of defense department - sponsored research. Organized as a consor- tium of the member universities, IDA describes itself as "a non- profit corporation to provide the Department of Defense w i t h scientific studies in national se- curity." tnder its terms of incorpora- tion, the institute is governed by a board of trustees. The board is made up of administrators of the 12 schools - including President Harlan Hatcher-businessmen and career civil servants. The institute's projects cover a wide range of military research activities. Studies conducted in the past few years include: ''actical Nuclear Weapons - Their Battlefield Utility," "Re- search Guidance for the Develop- ment of Flame Weapons," "Night Vision for Counterinsurgents," "Interdiction of Trucks from the Air at Night," "Chemical Control of Vegetation in Relation to Mil- itary Needs," "Small Arms for Counterguerrilla Operations,' and "A Rational Approach to the De- velopment of Non-Lethal Cheini-' cal Warfare Agents." Research work has also includ- ed field testing in India, Panama and Bolivia, according to testi- mony before the House Appropri- ations Committee in 1965. The institute was originally formed to function as an aca- demic adjunct to the Weapons System Analysis Group of the de- fense department, Today, this function is carried on by one of IDA's five constituent units, the Weapons Systems Evaluation Di- vision (WSED). WSED, according to IDA offi-' cials, works with the defense de- partment to "evolve studies that consider not only technicai per- formance of competitive systems. but also their political and eco-j nomic implications." Jason Division is a unique in- stitution. While other IDA divi- sions draw on the universities for full-time researchers, Jason, say IDA officials, "is a group of out- standing university scientists who have been invited to make their consulting time available to IDA, even though for most of the year they remain at their respective campuses." Prof. Kenneth Case of the phy- sics department is one of the 44 professors across the country who do consulting work for IDA. Case is a theoretical physicist who, dur- ing World War II, worked at Los Alamos on the development of the atomic bomb. For about one day a month during the school year, Case works for IDA. He also attends a six- to eight-week in- tensive summer study session run by Jason and several weekend Jason meetings each year. Case refused to be interviewed by The Daily about this relationship. While he was a professor of physics at the University, Peter Franken was also a Jason con- sultant. Franken went on leave from the University last year and is now acting director of the de- fense department's Advance Re- The IDA Symbol search Projects Agency (ARPA), the arm of the Pentagon that channels funds for the school's $1 million counterinsurgency pro- ject in Thailand. Gwynn Suits, a research physi- cist at Willow Run Labs, took a year-long leave from the Univer- sity in the 1965-66 academic year to work on the IDA staff. George Zissis, head of the Wil- low Run Center's Physics Lab- oratory s p e n t the 1963-64 academic year working for the Research and Engineering Sup- port Division (RESD) of IDA. RESD evaluates "present and future scientific and technologi- cal capabilities in a broad range of area to determine the feasi- bility of their application to na- tional defense problems." - Less is known about the Com- munications Research Division (CRD) than about any of the other IDA divisions. While the rest of IDA is housed in a head- quarters building in Arlington, Va., CRD is located in windowless brick building, von Neumann Hall, on the Princeton University cam- pus. According to a forthcoming article in "Viet Report," a month- ly magazine devoted to Vietna- mese affairs, CRD does work for the National SecurityyAgency particularly in cryptanalysis, the study of code making and code breaking, and in electronic sur- veillance of foreign countries. IDA was formed after former Secretary of Defense Charles E. Wilsonasked James R. Killian, president of Massachusetts Insti- tute of Technology, to set up a defense research corporation. According to the trade journal "Aviation Week" (May 21, 1965), Killian was reluctant for MIT to go it alone and invited other schools "to share the blame of taking these people (scientists) out of purely educational work for a while into defense work." Four other schools-Cal Tech, Case Institute of Technology, Stanford and Tulane - accepted the invitation and IDA was estab- lished. Since then, the University, Chicago, I lli n o i s, California, Princeton, Penn State and Colum- bia have joined the consortium. The initial group received a $500,000 grant from the Ford Foundation to begin work. Excluding consultants, the in- stitute employs about 600 per- sons, according to "Viet Report." Its current annual budget is about $12 -million, just a little over that of Willow Run Labs. While military research at the University itself is concerned al- most entirely w it h defensive measures and detection, IDA works in all phases of warfare. IDA stated its role in its first annual report in 1956: "Present military capabilities based on these new technologies in hostile hands present our coun- try with a threat that is histor- ically unfamiliar: heavy destruc- tion by direct attack. Moreover, the area is one of war and peace, in which vast shifts in the world power framework, aggravated by implacable CC:: tiuinist ambitions of world domination, have brought us responsibilities beyond the di- rect defense of our own territory." S u aea P~iWuai en UrX4a. waw 1A?\' ti Jl . , 2,ti y E? ; i $ ! "_ Zutk141* S pQ~Q 11 8n t Aa~&e'i hantx{. 6 -t 1. 500 E. LIBERTY ^',es.-Sot. 9:30-5:3tF Monday 9:30-8:30 Phone 761-6212 }{ '? } : : : .-r:r:::::.:v::::::::. ::::::::. : ." {vrr::."r:::.":.^.^:::.:xo".v.".:w""x:,.y;. {r,." };{.+.v ".}?:^, . vr." : .. 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