MIDDLE EAST: NEW HOSTILITIES See editorial page C, r g il 43an IA6P 471 A - atty CLOUDY High--50 Low-45 Slightly warmer. possible showers Seventy-Seven Years of Editorial Freedom VOL. LXXVIII, No. 49 ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN, THURSDAY, OCTOBER 26, 1967 SEVEN C(EN'JS Classified Research Stirs Debate at Univet TWELVE PAGES ,sities EDITORS NOTE: The following article is reprinted from the front page of yesterday's Wall Street Joun al. By ELLIOT CARLSON Staff Reporter of The Wall Street Journal Universities in growing num- bers are spurning Government contracts that call for secret re- search. Mounting opposition, by both professors and students, to the Vietnam war and to war-related research is spurring the trend. But just as significant is increas- ing faculty concern that classi- fied contracts may curtail a scholar's traditional obligation to disseminate his research findings. The upshot: Some universities are scaling down or canceling such research projects. And at a number of other schools around the country heated debate is un- derway. The University of Pennsylvania this spring canceled two classi- fied Defense Department con- tracts for assessing the effective- ness of chemical-biological war- fare. Administrators abandoned the $1 million projects - known as Spicerack and Summit - after a two-year campus dispute that reached its climax when some professors threatened to wear gas masks at commencement exer- cises. Stanford University, New York University and the University of Minnesota are tightening restric- tions governing acceptance of classified research contracts from Federal agencies. Some secret projects at these schools have al- ready been phased out. Faculty committees at Johns Hopkins University, the University of Pittsburgh and the University of California's Berkeley campus are currently taking a new look at secret research. ,"Schools are starting to cut back on classified research, and they will continue to do so," says Jay Orear, chairman of the exec- utive committee of the Federation of American Scientists, a profes- sional group of 2,000 researchers on and off campus. After polling some 300 colleges and universities this summer, the federation found that "a good many" schools that previously had no policy cov- ering secret contracts were begin- ning to restrict such research, Mr. Orear says. In August, the federation urged universities not to "accept funds that impose restrictions on the publication of research findings." Worried that such contracts may be getting out of hand, other aca- demic groups have taken similar positions. Early this year the American Anthropological Asso- ciation, a professional group, came out against classified re- search. And earlier this fall, the American Association of Univer- sity Professors set up a commit- tee to study the matter. classified research contracts is relatively small. During the 1967 Federal fiscal year, universities received Defense Department re- search and development contracts totaling $290 million, of which only about $34 million involved classified projects, according to an official of the department's of- fice of Defense Research and En- gineering. (The Defense Depart- ment provides the bulk of classi- fied contracts, although some come from other agencies like the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the Atomic Energy Commission.) Nonetheless, the Pentagon offi- cial asserts "it would be adverse to the national interest" should more schools cancel classified grants. "At the University of Pennsylvania we lost a very ex- perienced research source," he ex- plains. "It might be a year before we start getting the same quality work from another contractor." The work at Penn was trans- ferred to the research subsidiary of Booz, Allen & Hamilton Inc.. a Chicago-based management con- sultant firm. Some university defense con- tracts have been so secret that even the school's president has known little about their nature. Last month, for example, a Uni- versity of Minnesota vice presi- dent urged the regents and newly selected President Malcolm Moos, a political scientist who served as a speech-writer for President Eis- enhower, to approve a classified contract with the Pentagon even though details of the contract couldn't be revealed. The regents and Mr. Moos knew next to noth- ing about the project, though a newspaper story subsequently dis- closed it was concerned with methods of prisoner-of-war inter- rogation. "We were asked to approve it 'on faith'," recalls Mr. Moos, who strongly objected to the project. "Unless we were on the verge of World War III. I don't think I'd favor secret research at a univer- sity." While the regents approved the project over Mr. Moos' objec- tion, the Air Force soon withdrew it, purportedly because of lack of funds. Mr. Moos says that later this month he will propose to re- gents a new research policy that would "make highly unlikely a re- currence" of the September epi- sode. Those opposed to secret re- search agree that anti-Vietnam feeling has brought the contro- versy to a head. But there are more basic causes. "A university should be an open community of scholars devoted to advancing knowledge," says Gabriel Kolko, associate professor of history at Penn, who fought projects Spice- rack and Summit. "The Defense Department likes universities be- cause they do high class work very inexpensively. So, in effect, the very nature of the schools is being compromised to save the Government some money, " he says. Adds David Landy, chairman of Pittsburgh's anthropology depart- ment: "I object to classified re- search because it often gives the sponsoring agency a censorship function. Findings often can't be shared with colleagues who are unable or unwilling to get secur- ity clearance of their own." Pentagon officials reply that the research can't be published. Projects are classified when re- searchers are given access to se- cret information, and findings may be published provided none of the secret information is dis- closed. However, the sponsoring agency usually reserves the right of review prior to publication, the officials concede. Harvard and some other uni- versities bank all classified re- search, although even Harvard allows individual scholars to work on secret projects outside the uni- See MORE SCHOOLS, page 6 In dollar terms, the total of FBI QUEST IONS STUDENTS: Protestors Conscientious Objectors March On Counseled by Clergymen By The Wire Services Continuing protests and FBI investigation of draft protestors are two repercussions of the peacej march on Washington last week-1 end. Across the country, CIA recruit- "ers are being picketed, clergymen are offering counsel to conscien- tious objectors, and the FBI is questioning students who partici- pated in the draft protest in Washington. The FBI is also questioning' students who turned in their draft *cards in demonstrations which took place across the country last week. Government officials con- firmed that investigations are be- ing carried out at Yale, Harvard and the Universities of Connecti- cut and Massachusetts. Students reported being asked1 whether or not they had their Society, currently being held in Detroit. "The churchmen are putting themselves on the side of civil dis- obedience as they advise men who cannot participate conscientiously in the war to resist the draft in whatever way appropriate and pledge their support of them," said Fernandez, executive secretary of Clergy and Laymen Concerned About Vietnam. The conference also heard his- torian Henry Steele Commanger of Amherst College call for an end to the Vietnam war, which, he, said is not only bleeding Vietnam to death, but is also bleeding America to death morally. Meanwhile, it was reported yes- terday that the two days of anti-' war protests in Washington forced government spending of more than $1 million, the Pentagon said. Largest share of the cost was borne by the Defense Department .which, according to its figures,j spent $641,000 for airlifting troopsI to protect the Pentagon, National: Guard expenditures, and operation of trucks and busses. SGC Candidates Sought A's Elections Approach COnferene By DAVID MANN Violence erupted again yester- day as demonstrators continued to protest a meeting of defense! contractors andlgovernment pro- j curement officials at the Univer- sity's Rackham extension build- ing in Detroit. The meeting, "How to Get and; Keep Your Share of Defense Business" proceeded b e h i n d' locked doors yesterday, after demonstrators from the Waynel State University chapter of Stu- dents for a Democratic Society interrupted the conference, and were arrested on Tuesday. In yesterday's demonstration, 50 protestors, most of them Wayne State SDS members, marched one and a half blocks from Wayne's MacKenzie Hall to the Rackham extension building. The demonstrators, including the; 13 arrested Tuesday and released on bond, chanted anti-war slogans and distributed "anti-profiteer" flyers to onlookers. When the protestors reached the site of the conference, they found the front doors locked. No- one, demonstrators or reporters from Wayne State's student news- paper. was allowed inside. Violence developed when a group of demonstrators followed a businessman attending the con- ference around to a back door guarded by other conference par- ticipants. When denied admit- tance, the students surrounded the businessmen and shouted "Big firms get rich. GIs die". Police attempted to apprehend a man who attacked one of the protestors, but the conference sponsors refused to allow the stu- dent inside the building to iden-G tify his assailant. Further scuffles broke out be- tween demonstrators and business men in front of the building, re-1 draft cards, and if not, for wiat By MARTIN HIRSCHMAN ' Council members proposed hav- reason. One Yale student said: 'ing elections over a two day per- "They didn't browbeat me or Petitioning for candidacy in the iod elcins ora twday per- anything, but God - it sort of Ielection of six at-large Student liod hoping more students could shakes you up." d Government Council members has vote. Last spring about 5800 stu- kdents voted-only about one-sev- Several members of the Yale law been open for a week but no peti- enth of the total University en- school faculty advised the students tions have yet been received even et ftettlUiest n of their right to silence, and of - Ithough next Tuesday is the last ei day for filing petitions to run in On Nov. 14-15 the polls will be it. next month's two day election. open a total of 16 hours, almost Rv. Robr CSGC President Bruce Kahn, '68, twice as long as in March. ofthe Yale Divinity School called said that most students are prob- Three of the seats open for the interrogations "disruptive." ably still so concerned about issues election are presently held through andh ue d ntoalo ivsrtiats such as women's hours and mili- appointments made early this andd refuseto allow investigators tary research on campus that they month. Two of the appointees. on divinity school property. have not thought about running William Meeske, '69, and Thomas In Detroit, some 70 churchmen for election. Westerdale. Grad, have indicated have signed a statement support- He indicated that if the initial , that they will run for election. ing conscientious objectors who response was too small petitioning The third, Thomas Copi, '69Ed.. refuse to register for the draft or might have to be re-opened. has not yet decided if he will run. to serve in the armed forces. Last spring so few petitions were Two of the other three incum- "In the past, protests of na- filed for vacant positions that pe- bents, E. O. Knowles, '70. and ' tional churchmen as a group have titioning had to be extended two Michael Koeneke, '69Bus.Ad., have. been directed primarly toward the days. At the close of the scheduled also said that they will run for Vietnam war itself," explained the period only one candidate had re-election. Knowles said that he* Rev. Richard Fernandez of New filed for president, seven candi- and Koeneke are running as a York. dates had filed for six SGC seats. team because "we agree on just Fernandez is one of approxi- and two students had filed for j about everything." mately 600 delegates to a United three seats on the Board in Con- Leslie Mahler, '68, will not run States Conference on Church and I trol of Student Publications. for ,-election. mm- _? :EI as: :;.Vyr:;:.,:_.i; UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA President Malc olm Moos leavesa of about 40 students who were protesting campus r ecruitment by the with the group's right to protest but left before they presented the napalm which is used in the Vietnam war. The protestors, who we Board of Regents room on the main campus in M inneapolis, remai Moos left. 'CRAMPED COUNTRY': Israeli Expansion JL Journalism Lecturer Spreading At a 7 Universities FBI Investigations, War Rsearch Come LiUn er Student Attack Collegiate Press Service Campus protests against re- cruiting and research connected with the U.S. military and the CIA continued to spread yesterday with demonstrations in Colorado, Minnesota, Michigan, Illinois and Ohio. At the University of Illinois campus, recruitment by the Dow Chemical Co. was canceled by the university after more than 200 protestors staged a sit-in at the chemistry building yesterday. Interviews were halted at about 10:30 a.m. after demonstrators -Associated Press jammed themselves into doorways a meeting yesterday with a group and corridors outside the room e Dow Chemical Co. Moos agreed where Dow was recruiting. At sir emands to im. Dowsakresd 3:30 p.m., the university an- ir demands to him. Dow makes nounced that the interviews had ere gathered in the university been canceled "in order to avoid ined seated in the room after possible bodily injury and destruc- tion of property." During the early stages of the demonstration, an Illinois student burned his draft card in front of a Dow recruiter. " s Twenty protestors planned to istified iheaditrtonbiligac spend the night in a regents' room companied by four campus police- men. No effort was made to re- move the students. C l i IBut Chancellor J. W. Peltason said the university would take dan made arrangements with Nas- "appropriate disciplinary action ser to accept Egyptian troops on against all those persons who have his soil, the Israelis set their mil- participated in this interference itary machine into a state of with the educational processes of preparedness. the university." However, fighting did not break A Dow recruiter has been on out until about a week later. This the campus since last week and was due, Weller revealed, to a is scheduled to leave today. Fif- split in the leadership of Israel. teen of the students are staging The military was ready for bat- a 46 hour hunger strike which be- tie; however, General Moshe gan Tuesday and will end when Dayan was still outside the gov- the recruiter leaves. ernment because of an old dis- At the University of Colorado a agreement with Prime Minister dem.nstration protesting the pres- Levi Eshkol. Israel needed three ence of a recruiting agent for the days to convince Dayan to take CIA nearly erupted into a riot over the troops and go to war. I By LESLIE WAYNE "Israel has a justification to expand. It is cramped on all sides and thus a potential victim for an air strike," George Weller, foreign correspondent for the Chicago Daily News told faculty and stu- dents of the journalism depart- ment in an informational lecture sponsored by the department. The Pulitzer prize winning journalist presented a plan fori Israel to install an air defenset divided about $1.8 billion between Egypt and Israel, he said, Egypt's larger population has tended to' nullify any U.S. aid. 'For every one dollar that a citizen of Egypt would receive in aid, a citizen in Israel would receive fifteen." Weller also outlined his theory regarding the cause of the war. The immediate cause, he felt, was the stationing of Egyptian troops in Jordan. Egyptian troops have never been stationed on Jordian soil and if they were, Israel would have con- 'sidered this a situation leading to war. When King Hussein of Jor- i i r a 1 a sulting in the arrest of one Wayne system under U.N. supervision at State student. yesterday's lecture. Weller was in the Middle East at the time of the war and re- ported from the area during other crises. Keep Territory Pilot Study Made for SGC Course Evaluation Booklet "Israel has a right to set up defenses," Weller contended, "and should be allowed to keep all the territory, up to the Syrian border. that it has captured." Weller also proposed giving Jerusalem to Israel. "It is reason- able to have it under Israeli rule for about 20 years as long as the Israelis leave the city accessible to people of other faiths." He pointed out that countries dominated by other religions have controlled the city and that Is- rael should have the right to do the same. Arab Refugees However, not all of Weller's proposals are favorable to the Is- raelis. Both sides of the Jordan River should be under Arab con- trol and that aid, especially from the Israelis, is needed by the Arab refugees in Israel, he felt. "The only hope for the refugee problem lies in a generous policy by the Tsraelis to the disnlaced Arabs." By MARGARET WARNER The Student Government Coun- cil committee on course and teacher evaluation issued pilot; questionaires to two classes yes- terday. "The pilot questionaire," com- mittee chairman Stephen Spitz, '68, explained, "is designed to teach us what we're going to do on a larger scale later." Testing experts at the Univer- sity's Institute for Social Research and the Psychological Testing Center were consulted in the de- velopment of the pilot form. Questionaires from other schools were checked in addition to ques- tionaires used at the University in other yeas. The booklet planned by the committee checks quality, effec- tiveness of teachers and the dif- working membership of over 100 students, is currently working on criteria for courses to be eval- uated. The course evaluation commit- tee expects to issue general ques- tionaires late this semester. Results of the pilot question- aires given to students will be evaluated by cross correlation on University computers. The course evaluation committee hopes that this will give a much more thor- ough and objective evaluation than' was possible with the hand tabu- lated results of former booklets. At present, SGC has alloted $2,000 to the course evaluation committee and is hoping for con- tributions from other studentj groups. Another source of funds! might be a Board in Control of Student Publications loan. Universityiadministrators did not call in civil -auhorities to han- dle the tense situation, but prom- ised disciplinary action "up to and including expulsion" for the 30 demonstrators who stood shoulder to shoulder in front of the place- ment office. The demonstrators, mostly stu- dents and members of SDS had asked CIA agent Jack Hanson to leave the campus Monday. Han- son refused as did university offi- cials who were asked to remove the CIA from the campus. Demonstrators claimed they had no alternative but civil disobed- ience: "The CIA has had a past record of dishonest meddling in student organizations," they said. The near riot occurred yester- day when 50 students wanting to enter the placement office stepped forward to physically challange the demonstrators blocking the door. At Antioch College in Ohio there was a brief demonstration yes- terday in reaction to a college committee's decision to allow a defense' department project to re- >:.>:: 1! I