PAGE TWO THE MICHIGAN DAILY THURSDAY, OCTOBER 5,1967 PAGE TWO THE MICHIGAN DAILY THURSDAY. OCTOBER 5.1967 I ;" VOICES OF CIVILIZATION: Tiselus Explains Importance Of Nobel Foundation Awards Nobel Prize Winning Biologist Lectures on DNA, RNA, Genes, Acheson: U.S. Policy Confuses Asia, West 4 By ALISON SYMROSKI For, over half a century the Nobel Foundation has been at- tempting to "express human ap- preciation" for the great dis- coveries made each year, Swedish biochemist Arne Tiselius said yes- terday. Speaking in Rackham amphi- theater as part of the "Voices of Civilization" program, Tiselius drew from more than 20 years of experience with the Nobel Fbun- dation, in his explanation of its problems and goals. He is a former president of the founda- tion and is currently chairman of its committee for chemistry. Tiselius, a 1948 prizewinner for his work in electrophoresis and chromatography, out-lined some of toe difficulties in choosing the winners. He explained that al- though nominations are generally made on the basis of merit rather than nationality - each year "many names may be over- looked." Major Difficulty A major difficulty in choosing Nobel Prize winners arises in evaluating individual research within a context of team re- search. Tiselius said that a split prize is no less an honor than being a sole recipient. However, he warned against giving compro- mise prizes to researchers whose work bears no relation to one another's. He said that this would lead to "inflation" in Nobel Prize winners. Tiselius said that the factor governing choice in over-lapping work is "who was the real pion- eer," even though the later re- searcher may have carried the project further. Tiselius suggested that the im- portance of choosing prize win- ners is greater today than in the past. He explained this by noting that the general public is taking an increased interest in the Nobel Prize as well as in scientific re- search in general. Brief History In a brief history of the Nobel Foundation, -Tiselius emphasized that although the king of Sweden chartered in 1900, the committees which choose the winners are in no way connected with the gov- ernment. The foundation is pri- marily run by academic institu- tions, he said. He described Alfred Nobel as "a dreamer who experienced per- iods of depression and frequently felt his life was of no use." Nobel saw the foundation as a way of financing the research of brilliant but poverty-ridden scientists, he noted. As this object is no longer pertinent today, Tiselius raised some questions about the present place of the Nobel Foundation: Are such individual awards justi- fied in the concept of the "scien- tific community?"; to what extent is scientific discovery a result of personal achievement, rather than something that is bound to be discovered by someone eventually anyway?; and, should not scien- tists be indifferent to such worldly honors after all? Tiselius expressed the opiniont that "most serious workers have1 found their work a satisfaction in itself." However, he added that one function of the Nobel Prize is encouragement for those who, follow in the winner's footsteps. He said that it was an im- portant way of showing apprecia-' tion for long-range research whose importance may not other- wise be given its deserved rec- ognition. Duobzhansky Discusses Research By STUART GAINES Prof. Theodosius Dobzhansky oft the department of genetics at Rockefeller University, discussed Tuesday the morality of continu- ing scienitific research in areas where the conclusion may be so- cially damaging to an ethnic group. Dobzhansky -spoke to a roundtable of students and fac- ulty as a part of the "Voices of Civilization" program. Dobzhansky also discussed the right of a scientist to continue research possibly leading to the production of a destructive de- vice. According to Dobzhansky, the, role of a scientist in society is to conduct objective research, and supplying relevant information to government cif f i c i a 1 s obtained from his experiments. Dobzhansky said it was impor- tant to make a distinction be- tween scientific and technological research when questioning the morality of scientific projects. He felt that abstract scientific re- search should be pursued, but he was not sure whether or not so- ciety could cope with some of the results of technological progress. Speaking on evolution, the field: in which he is considered the world's foremost expe.rt, Dobzhan- sky said he considered the chances of humanoid life evolving on other planets "to be zero." He admitted that this view is un- popular with the majority of scientists at the present. Previous to his teaching at Rockefeller University, the Rus- sian-born United States citizen held positions at the University of Leningrad and the California Institute of Technology. His most publicized researchE concerns the study of Drosephilia, commonly known as the "fruit fly." James V. Neel, chairman of the University's genetic department, also participated in the discus- sions. By ERIC JACKSON Nobel Prize winning biologist Severo Ochoa said in a lecture to an overflow audience at Rack- ham yesterday that there may be a fourth protein used in the repli- cation of ribonucleic acid in cer- tain infectious viruses. Ochoa spoke on "Genetic Ex- pression in the RNA of Bacterial Viruses" as part of the "Voices of Civilization" Sequicentennial conference. Ochoa discussed his research into the nature, multiplication and order of genes and radiation- caused mutations of bacterial viruses. Ochoa, chairman of the de- partment of biochemistry at the New York University School of Medicine, discussed his radiation experiments with viruses which resulted in three classes of mu- tants. In the first class of mu- tants the virus lost its outer coat and its ability to reproduce. The second mutation of the virus pro- duced sterile progeny. These two cases stopped further infection. The third mutation halted repli- cation of RNA and reproduction of the virus at temperatures above 43 degrees Centigrade. Uses Slides Ochoa, made extensive use of the slide projector to, display the main points in his lecture. They included photographs from the electron microscope and graphs illustrating experimental data. His electromicrographs showed small sections of the virus studied at increasingly higher magnific- ations until the screen showed only a fraction of the virus, a rod-shaped object approximately 200 Angstroms, or one-millionth of an inch, long. Ochoa showed the order of genes on the chromosome, com- prised of three main sections. The chromosome contains the coded instructions to the cell for the production of essential cell com- ponents. In the first position on the chromosome was the information for the cell's outer coat. The second position contained the "A" protein. The third carried RNA replicase, a complex mole- cule containing instructions for the synthesis of more than one thousand other cellular com- ponents. Ochoa has received interna- tional recognition for his research in breaking the geneticcode. He was the first person to synthesize RNA outside of a living organism As a result of these experiments, Ochoa is given the credit for helping to unify chemistry and genetics. In' 1959 Ochoa won the Nobel prize in medicine for his. dis- coveries related to the biological synthesis of RNA and DNA. Bolivian Army's Manhunt Tightens on 'Che' Guevara By CAROLYN MIEGEL "The great difficulty of the fed- eral government, the White House, and the State Department is that they all fail to deal with several problems at one time," Dean Ache- son, secretary of state during the Truman administration, said yes- terday. Speaking at the "Voices of Civil- ization" symposium on "Europe and Asia in American Foreign Pol- icy" at Hill Aud. Acheson con- tinued, "Maybe we overdid this concentration in European policies following World War II. Perhaps we are now overcompensating for the earlier neglect of the Far East." Edwin 0. Reischauer, former ambassador to Japan and profes- sor of history at Harvard, said that authors of American foreign policy "confuse problems in Asia by trying to make analogies to the European scene." Both Acheson and Reischauer agree that problems in foreign policy are based in the ignorance} on the part of the American peo- ple and government. Citing the State Department's estimation of Japanese power in 1941 as an example of this ignor- ance, Acheson said that American leaders assumed that the Japanese military clique would "operate on the same reasonabletbasis asthe military in the Western world. It was a massive miscalculation of the Japanese mind.," Reischauer cited recurrent prob- lems in American policy: In the Cold War days, we did not dif- ferentiate political realities in Europe from realities in Asia. The creation of the South East Asian Treaty Organization was a mis- take because the conditions which created its counterpart in Europe -NATO-did not exist in Asia. There were no strong national en- tities, no examples of industrial- ized societies, and none of the close ties of the type that existed between the United States and Western Europe. Today, in a reverse of the Cold War policies, the problems of Viet- nam have obscured the problems of Europe, Reischauer continued. "The low level of enlightenment of the Congress is a reflection on the nation. It is our blame, not the Congress' "that deadlocks oc- cur and that worthwhile programs cannot be instituted, Reschauer added. "A national educational program is needed to avoid mak- ing the mistakes of the past." I ' OAP Sponsors Students, Helps Adjustment'to U' Editor's Note: The following dispatch was subjected to Boli- vian censorship. CAMIRI, Bolivia (AP) - Two guerrillas captured in the south- eastern jungles of Bolivia were flown to Camiri for questioning- yesterday in a tightening army manhunt for Latin America's re- puted super - guerilla, Ernesto "Che" Guevara. Bolivian military authorities believe they have trapped the Argentine-born Guevara, once a top lieutenant of Cuban Prime Minister Fidel Castro, in jungle areas not far from Camiri. The two captured guerrillas, both Bolivians, were identified as Antonio Rodriguez Flores and Or- lando Jiminez Bazan. Rodriguez Flores was said to have deserted from the guerrillas. One military source said they may be used as witnesses in the current trial of French radical Regis Debray, ac- cused of complicity with Bolivia's Communist guerrillas. Military sources said they had reports that Guevara and a group of' about 35 guerrillas occuried the small town of Alto Seco, deep in the jungled hills of southern Bolivia, for 52 hours last month. propaganda meetings, urging the men of the town .to join their movement and attacking the government of President Rene Barrientos. They also bought huge supplies of food and cloth- ing before melting back into the hills. In September, the Bolivian government presented photo- graphs and documents to the Organization of American States meeting in Washington to back up the claim that Guevara is in Bolivia. Guevara dropped from sight in Cuba in the spring of 1965. There have been reports from several Latin American countries that he has been fomenting revolution. There also were reports that he was dead. Phone 434-0130 Enn axc r CARPEN TER RAD Free OPEN 7:00 P.M. Free Heaters NOW SHOWING Heaters Shown at 7:40 Only 1E cOtOr' ALSO_ Shown at 9:15 only VUL~ui I4 PUN OF '4 sAKt4k~ p~~ us (Continued from Page 1) University community enough to stay and work here during the summer, even if they don't. have to take summer courses." Some adjustment problems do exist for students within the pro- gram, and are acknowledged by its administrators. Chavis, who does most of the counseling with- in the program, feels that many of the QAP student's problems. are "common to all students." The deprived Negro student, however, often undergoes "a gut reaction" to the white classroom. situation, said Chavis. He explain- ed that this is often manifested through not performing in the classroom at the level the studentj is capable of, and not participat- ing in the usual extra-curricular activities. In these cases, explain- ed Chavis, the "usual problems are intensified." Extra counseling is made available to these stu- dents to help them through their difficulty. Financial aid in the program consists of whatever the student's family can contribute, the rest being absorbed by the University. A summer job is required of the student. The program remains the, same through the next three years of school, with the addition of a part time job or a National De- fense Education Act loan. This semester's tuition increase had no effect on the program, Marian said. The University absorbed it in paying for the OAP students' tuition. OAP is presently more than four times as large as it was at its inception, and will probably con- tinue to grow. The image of the University as a desirable place for Negroes to go to college is spread- ing, but according to Marion, "the program itself won't do the job. We 'need more public relations di- rected toward the areas from which we draw our OAP students." OAP is an in-state program ex-. clusively. It will 'not be expanded to an out of state program in the foreseeable future, said Marion, because of the costs of recruit- ing and of the extra counseling and tutorial services that are in- tegral to the program. The local nature of the program was criticized by Shaw. He feels that the program should be ex- panded to include all state uni- versities in Michigan, and possi- bly private universities in the state. The statewide OAP program could then be funded by a cen- tral pool of state money. This would enable a student to transfer schools within Michigan should circumstances call for it. For ex- ample, a student at the University finding the academics too difficult could transfer to Michigan State without losing his scholarship,. There are many difficulties to be worked out in such an expand- ed program, however, before it could be proposed, especially since the OAP type of program is a new one. as According to these Guevara and the band the town of 300 at night reports, encircled and held ERNESTO "CHE" GUEVARA 4AThONAL GENERAL CORPORATION __ 3RD WEEK NOW SHOWING NATIONAL GENERAL CORPORATION FOX EASTERN THEATRES FO.AVILL6E 375 No. MAPLE RD. "769.1300 Showings Daily 2-:00-5:10 8:30 C7 .~Some girls would blush **'., -not Rose! FlRNGQ RA3NAf PRESENTS A RsE EVERYSK; Ik I 'V I JjJ~jj[ ~ THE MIRICH CORPORATION PRESE~NTS N JULIE ANDREWS MAX VON SYDOW- RICHARD HARRIS inTHE GEORGE ROY HILL WALTER MIRISCH PRODUCTION of"HAWAII"PANAVISION' COLOR b Luxe s wth f n t 13. 13 pC10 LRNDU 9BUZZNNGR OKI8M IRMIRO~F Starts Dial TODAY 8-6416 '"sTONIGHT at 7 &, 9P. 4 M. Who says they don't make Westerns like. they used to? 4 HONORED BY SEVENTEEN MAGAZINE AS MOVIE OF THE MONTH! WINNER OF SCHOLASTIC MAGAZINE BELL RINGER AWARD. STARTS THURSDAY "EXTRAVAGANTLY BOLD and BIZARRE.' --Bosley Crowh-r, N.-Y. ime 'MISS ZETTERLING MAKES EACH SCENE A WORK OF ART. STUNNING EFFECTS." -William Wolf, Cue Magazine "THE VOYEUR'S DELIGHT OF THE YEAR." -Jd ih Crisf, World Jou alo Tribune NihtGames Starring INGRID THULIN AFMITTANCE RESTRICTED TO PERSONS OF AGE18 MIIMUM Mon.-Thurs. 7, 9 P.M. Fri., Sat. 7, 9 & 11 P.M. Sun. 6,8 & 10 P.M. "Sidney Poitier a sensitive performance! A fine cast!" -Seventeen Magazine "Sidney Poitier just perfect.. this film will enthrall you!" - Cosmopolitan Magazine "Excellent .. . an inspiring filmi!" --Parent's Magazine "Sidney Poitier gives his best performance !" - Scholastic Magazine "Sidney Poitier great in 'TO SIR, WITH LOVE''" - Ed Sullivan. Daily News A A "A colorful kicky movie in the mod mood!" Good Housekeeping Magazine We just did. DuEAN1 GEORGE JEAN IDARTI PEPPARD SiE10H i nA MARTIN AINACKN PRODUCTION ROUGH NIGHeT I JERICHO I III ONE. I