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Seventy-Sixth Year
EDITED AND MANAGED BY STUDENTS OF THE UNivERSITY OF MICHIGAN
UNDER AUTHORITY OF BOARD IN CONTROL OF STUDENT PUBLICATIONS

ROGER RAPOPORT:
In the Right Place at the Right Time


rf Dpinions Are Free. 420 MAYNARD, ST., ANN ARBOR, MICH..
"rutb Will Prevail

NEws PHONE: 764-0552

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E4ttor as printed in The Micbigan Daily e-, press the individual opinions of staff writers
or the edto's. This must be noted in all retrints.

WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 6, 1967

NIGHT EDITOR: MARK LEVINI


The Vietnamese Elections:
Legitimizng the Status Quo

THE VICTORY of Lieutenant-General
Nguyen Van Thieu and Air Vice-Mar-
shal Nguyen Cao Ky in the South Viet-
namese presidential elections Sunday ex-
tends little cause for jubilation. Despite
the apparently "smooth" transaction of
the actual election process, there is little
new under the Saigon sun.
While isolated instances of fraud un-
doubtedly occurred, the election itself
seems from the available evidence to have
been conducted fairly. The Thieu-Ky
ticket received 35 per cent of the votes;
peace candidate Truong Dinh Dzu fin-
ished second with 17 per cent. But the
votes were tallied cumulatively rather
than on a region-by-region basis. For
fraud to have changed the result would
have required in - the words of American
election observer Richard F. Scammon,
"the tcollusive action of thousands."
Nevertheless, the government cannot
be considered "legitimate." Two of the
major opponents were barred from the
election. The government controls the
press. .Furthermore, while 83 per cent of
the registered voters'cast ballots, only
one-third of tie population was allowed
to register. To call the elections "demo-
cratic"u der these circumstances is at
hi figure of speech.
orsc, tittle is likely to change
constitutional" Thieu-Ky re-
m . '1 t the new administration has
e predisposition to negotiate the war
to a peaceful conclusion and close up the
gaping holes of South Vietnam's social
problems isIopen to question. That, as-
suming the will, it has the power to bring
about these goals is highly doubtful.
Actually, it is little wonder that the

prospects for peace and reform have not
been brightened by the election. The
unique role played by the United States
in the situation made it almost inevitable.
THE LACK of a democratic South Viet-
namese government, so obvious even to
supporters of the war, was impinging
on our assurance of the morality of our
cause. Yet self-righteousness plays a key
part in the psychology of American for-
eign affairs. The election was conceived,
then, as salve for a nation's troubled
conscience.
The role of the election was symbolic
rather than utilitarian. There had to be
an election, any election; the net fair-
ness of such and the beneficence of its
results were unimportant so long as gross
irregularities were avoided. President
Johnson, of course, would have welcomed
an election where all the candidates were
allowed to participate and the press was
given free reign; but he could also tol-
erate one where these conditions were
not met.
SO THE SAME American administration
that could, only express its regrets
when, a Greek military junta, using Amer-
ican guns and equipment, overthrew the
elected democratic government stood by
and watched the South Vietnamese mili-
tary make a farce of democracy, barely
holding its breath lest the American
press become too vociferous in its protest,
Significantly, it didn't.
South Vietnam will have to wait for
another day for peace, internal reform
and democracy.
-URBAN LEHNER

DETROIT-How does it feel to have led the police raid
that triggered the worst race riot in recent American
history?
Sgt. Arthur E. Howison, the 43-year-old Detroit
policeman who spearheaded the July 23 attack on a blind
pig (an after hours drinking spot) on teeming 12th St.
which touched off the holocaust remains modest about
his role: "We were just in the right place at the right
time, I guess."
Mr. Howison, a 18 year veteran of the force comes
across so humble it hardly seems possible that he was
fated to play such a noteworthy role. "Sure most of us
thought it (the riot) was coming but I never thought I'd
be the one to start it all," he tells a visitor to the
modernistic 10th precinct station on Detroit's near north-
west side.
HOWISON CAME to the 10th precinct two years ago
from the docile 14th precinct on the west side where
"things were so slow that time really dragged. We'd
usually just handle dog bites and family troubles out
there," he recalls.
But things picked up in the 10th which handles the
12th St. area, one that boasts a heavy concentration of
vice, prostitution, and crime. "It's much more exciting
working here, there's more action. An eight hour day
goes like nothing."
Then last spring Howison was assigned to head the
cleanup detail which specializes in cracking blind pigs.
Variously dressed as a serviceman, electrician, gas sta-
tian man or fuel truck driver, Howison would patrol the

area with his team. On any given day he might arrest a
prostitute who propositioned him or catch eight year old
boy running numbers. He has raided about a dozen dif-
ferent blind pigs on 25 different occasions on charges of
engaging in an illegal occupation, a misdemeanor that
normally carries a $25 fine, for patrons and $100 for
proprietors.
In June Howison was rotated off the special in-
vestigations detail and resumed desk and patrol work. But
on the weekend of July 22 he headed the special in-
vestigations unit as a relief man.
AT ANY ONE TIME the police have a number of
blind pigs under surveilance. To successfully arrest and
prosecute owners and patrons of such an operation the
police normally have to make a buy. This usually requires
getting a plainclothesman inside. If he can buy a drink a
prearranged signal (such as staying inside for 15 min-
utes) will bring the other officers in for a raid.
In the fall of 1965 the police raided a blind pig on
12th St. located over the Economy Printing Co. The place
has been under surveilance since then. "Sometimes you
try and try to get a plainclothesmen in to a blind pig
and he always gets turned away as suspect." Negro plain-
clothesman Charles Henry was turned away repeatedly.
"Then suddenly one night he gets in." Twenty-eight
year old Henry walked into the blind pig unchallenged
behind two Negro women. At 3:50 a.m. Howison and his
fellow officers broke in, announced the raid, and arrested
more than 80 drinking patrons.
Plagued by a bigger catch than expected Howison

had to order extra paddy wagons to take all the prisoners
away. Several wagons had to make extra roundtrips from
12th St. to the 10th precinct station. The entire raid took
nearly an hour.
SINCE THAT night the tenth precinct force has
stopped raiding blind pigs. The special detail was
cancelled during the riot on orders from headquarters
and still has not been resumed. "As far as I'm concerned
the Pigs run. If we get a blind pig report its referred
to headquarters downtown."
And that's fine with him. "If I never go down there
(12th St.) again it'll be just fine."
But that doesn'tmean he's soured on policework. The
graduate of suburban Redford Union High School, the
World War II veteran and father of three likes his work.
Previously a foreman at a trailer plant he finds his cur-
rent job "exciting because you get a chance to get out
and meet people. Besides, the bad weather doesn't bother
me."
STILL HOWISON is looking forward to retirement
at 50. He'll get half pay, $5,000, and plans to buy a small
summe resort in Northern Michigan. "I've had enough
of big cities."
On the way out of the station a young patrolman
busy stuffing his black leather jacket into the pouch of
his Harley-Davidson recognized Howison.
"You ready for another riot Sarge?" the patrolman
asked.
"No thanks," muttered Howison.
"I'd sure like one," replied the patrolman. "Make me
some of that good overtime pay."

0

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The Case for bigness

IT IS ABOUT TIME someone said some-
thing good about our favorite Ameri-
can institution ---the multiversity. For
years now the "Big U" has come under
fire for supposed impersonality, bureauc-
racy and general inefficiency. Critics
from both inside and outside the academ-
ic world deplore the system that "makes
the student feel like an IBM card," while
even the multiversity's friends, while
pointing to the quality -of its staff, stu-
dents and physical facilities, lay the
blame for most of the university's faults
with its size. But nobody says they like it.
But, surprisingly enough, some do.
There is a significant number of students
at this and other large universities who
appreciate their school's bigness. Some
will even admit that they would feel in-
tellectually and socially stifled in any
other kind of school, Arid that they would
rather have the University not smaller,
but larger.
Contrary to popular opinion, relatively
few of the University's students come
here from an environment where they
knew everybody. Sure, there are some
small-towners, who would feel just as
lost in any halfway-urban community.
But the large majority of students here
come from large urban and suburban
area high schools. Such people just don't
i:j~g 3icjipaztn aitlg
The Daily is a member of the Associated Press and
C2ollegate Press Service.
Summer subscription rate: $2.00 per term by carrier
($2.50 by mail); $4.00 for entire summer ($4.50 by
mail).
Daily except Monday during regular academic school
year.
Daily except Sunday and Monday during regular
summer session.
Second class postage paid at Ann Arbor. Michigan
420 Maynard St Ann Arbor. Michigan, 48104.
Editorial Staff
ROGER RAPOPORT, Editor
MEREDITH EIKER, Managing Editor
MICHAEL HEPPER ROBERT KLIVANS
City Editor Editorial Director
SUSAN ELAN.........Associate Managing Editor
STEPHEN FIRSHEIN ......Associate Managing Editor
LAURENCE MEDOW ...Associate Managing Editor
RONALD RLEMPNER ..,. Associate Editorial Director
JOHN LOTTIER .........Associate Editorial Director
SUSAN SCHNEPP............... Personnel Director
NEIL SHISTER............Magazine Editor
CAROLE KAPLAN........Associate Magazine Editor

want to be able to know everybody they
will see for four years.
BUT THE MULTIVERSITY is alive.
There is a kind of excitement in un-
derstanding that you cannot possibly
know everyone, that there are untapped
reservoirs of new people to meet every-
where you look.
There is always another interesting
class to take, because you can't possibly
have time here to exhaust them all in a
year or two. And there is always some-
thing happening, some kind of group of
people meeting with whom you have
something in common-be it a passion for
lacrosse or a curiosity about Asian cul-
ture.
And, believe it or not, the multiversity
is really an awfully small place. Some
students insist that there are very few
real people here] and that the others
one sees walking around or sitting in
class are Just robots placed here by the
administration to boost enrollment statis-
tics for its reports to the state Legisla-
ture.
Sometimes that really seems to be the
case; for every student there comes one
horrible day when he realizs that some-
how-through a distinctive appearance,
steady class attendance, or participa-
tion in extracurricular activities-he has
lost his cherished anonimity.
WHAT HAS HAPPENED to that student
is that he has built for himself his
own little universe within the multiver-
sity, rather than having the admissions
committee of a smaller school do it for
him. His universe is personal and unim-
posed. It can expand or contract at his
will. If he dislikes a person, he can avoid
him. If he likes others, he will get to-
gether with them for their mutual bene-
fit and to their mutual convenience.
This student can exercise innumerable
options. In short, the multiversity can
and does provide a background against
which many students can mold their own
lives as they see fit.
It is true that many people are not
independent enough to be happy in such
an environment. Before the founding of
the Residential College here, those of
them Who could not afford to attend a
small private institution had the size of
the University imposed upon them against

From'
Mary Berry, an assistant professor
of history at Central Michigan Uni-
versity, has been traveling in Viet-
nam for over a month. She is at-
tempting to gain a general impres-
sion of the United States commit-
mnent and its effects on this Asian
nation. She received her PhD from
the University, and her, specialty is
U.S. constitutional history.
By MARY BERRY
First of a Two Part Series
DA NANG-We do not seem to
be winning the war in Viet-
nam.
Despite the cheery prognostica-
tions offered by the generals,
stalemate seems to be a proper
description. Whenever oneencoun-
ters the American soldier, in the
bunkers at Con Tien, at Dong Ha
and Da Nang in I Corps, with the
army at Pleiku in II Corps or even
in the cocktail lounges of Saigon,
pessimism is the rule.
Here on Aug. 11, Gen. Wallace
Greene. commandant of the Ma-
rine Corps. told a press conference
that there is no such thing as a
stalemate in the war. We are de-
feating the enemy, he said. When
asked to elaborate, the general ex-
plained that so long as the enemy
is not winning, the U.S. is. In his
mind we are keeping them on the
run or in hiding in their bunkers
and caves. Whenever we neet
them, we defeat them. Our su-
perior land and air power largely
suppresses infiltration from the
North. It is only a matter of time
before they surrender.
DESPITE GREENE'S VIEWS, it
is obvious to anyone who travels
around the country that American
strength lies in a series of bases
strung largely along the coastline
from Dong Ha in the north to.
Binh Thuy in the south. These
bases are protected, provisioned,
and supplied mainly by air.
Our military personnel argue
that the French made the mistake
of confining themselves only to
fortified position and that we, on
the contrary, patrol extensively
and mount numerous "search and
destroy" operations to find and
kill the enemy.
It is also true, however, that the
enemy owns the roads in Vietnam
at night, or at least we think they
do. Even in daylight we scurry
down the highways in well-pro-
tected convoys which often en-
counter landmines laid the night
before.
Obviously, if we cannot find the

At

D

Vietnam: A Pessimistic Outlook

Two methods of pacification in Vietnam... with a needle and a gun

enemy, we cannot kill him. And
most of the time, even in much-
heralded maneuvers like Opera-
tion Cochise, begun on Aug. 11, we
encounter few of the enemy. We
fire round after round of mortar
ammunition from such places as
Con Thien, only 1112 miles from
theDMZ, but we rarely hit any-
thing.
The purpose of the firing is
simply harassment and interdic-
tion-if someone is there, we hope
we hit him. We drop load after
load of bombs in the DMZ and in
North Vietnam, but night after
night North Vietnamese Army
patrols approach the line at Con
Tien and units of- the NVA in-
filtrate south.
THERE ARE SOME 500,000
American soldiers in Vietnam, but
large numbers of them appear to
be positioned in storage terminals
like the huge one at Cam, Ranh
Bay. They wait to be deployed
elsewhere and to be engaged in
support tasks behind the lines.
The South Vietnamese report-
edly have over 600,000 men in
their army, but the consensus
among American soldiers here is
tht the "Army of the Republic of
Viet Nam" is "not worth a quar-
ter." There may be a few good
ARVN troops, but the vast major-

ity of our soldiers do not trust
them and do not want to fight,
with them.
Ranking American officers insist
that South Vietnam's Army is get-
ting better and that in ten years
it will be as efficient as the Ko-
rean forces are now. Then, it is
argued, they will be able to carry
on the war effort alone.
THE VIET CONG, on the other
hand, are reported to have a much
smaller army, and if the casualty
figures are accurate they will all
soon be dead.
But we are still not winning the
war.
The view from Danang is that
unless a negotiated settlement is
reached we can count on an ex-
tended stay in Vietnam.
** *
CAM RANH BAY-The pacifica-
tion program, "the other war"
as it is sometimes called, is an
important part"of the effort to win
the war in Vietnam. Unfortunate-
ly, "the other war," too, seems to
be running into difficulty.
On August 11, I visited a Ma-
rine CAP unit (combat assistance
platoon) handling pacification
program at Marble Mountain just
outside Danang. Ted Zoutis, a
marine corporal from Cincinnati,
was in command, and he gave me

an impressive rundown of the pro-
gram's achievements.
There are, 11 marines and 29
PF's in the village. The PF's are
Vietnamese homeguards trained as
popular forces by . the marines.
There are about 5,000 -persons liv-
ing in the village, about 1,800 of
whom are school-age children. The
remainder are woman and men
beyond military age. The people
labor in the fields owned by the
village chiefs or work for the local
military establishment.
A SCHOOL IS provided for the
children by the Vietnam govern-
ment. The CAP unit provides
minor medical care for the- resi-
dents at daily MEDCAPS. The
hospital corpsman spoiled the
favorable view I had been given
by Zoutis by telling me that they
had many problems with the vil-
lage chief.
The Seabees gave wood to .the
village 'chieftain for distribution
to the peasants. The chief then
sold it and pocketed the money.
Also, after the people had built
latrines at the insistence of the
medical corpsmen, the chief lock-
ed and reserved them for the ex-
clusive use of his own families.
At CAP Delta 6 I found the
marines in a' very disturbed state
of mind. They asserted that they

did not trust the PF's or the vil-
lagers. They thought the CAP pro-
gram could never really work and
that the Vietnamese were simply
using the Americans for material
gains while reporting their every
activity to the VC. They further
indicated that they never report
their true feelings to their su-
periors.
THE ARMY BRASS is told that
the program is working; that we
are "winning , the hearts and
minds of the people," because that
is what headquarters wants to
hear.
At CAP Delta 7 I was told by
Cpl. Richard Faria that the VC
had attempted to penetrate their
lines for three consecutive nights,
but the marines drove them off.
Faria thought the PF's meant
well but they were simply lazy
and frightened. If they were sent
out on patrol they would wander
off to a girlfriend's house and
spend the ,day there.
IN THE MEANWHILE we sac-
rifice a few men to sniper fire
everyday but at least the villagers
cannot openly aid the VC. Again,
so long as we are. not losing we
are winning. Of course, the enemy
might believe that so long as we
are not winning he is.

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