THE MICHIGAN DAILY PAGE TEN FRIDAY. JANUARY 12. 1968 SIX YE ARS OLD: Analyzing the Peace Corps' Impact on the World I U ETJITOR'S NE:n e nPeace years and has cost $467 million. Though its successes far outweigh its failures, controversy still swirls described both as anoble huani-. tarian movement and the -greatest whitewash in the history of govern- ment. WASHINGTON (A') -- A young Peace Corps volunteer arrived in the remote fishing village of San Jose in northern Peru, took a deep breath and asked himself "What first?" He decided to persuade the villagers to form a cooperative to market their catch. The venture was successful. With their new prosperity the fishermen were able, to buy en- gines to replace the sails on their boats and had money to repair the village's electric generator. There was one hitch to this otherwise happy ending: the vol- unteer had been assigned San Jose in southern Peru. He had gone ,to the northern village through a staff mixup. Other Activities Here's a rundown on some of I the corps' other activities: *In Africa, volunteers have worked successfully with local of- fiigials to help resettle families on fertile farmland. * In Brazil, volunteers helped to expand a school lunch program to thousands of additional stu- dents. * In Thia ila n d, volunteers worked in a program to help stamp out malaria. Considerable progress has been reported. *In Columbia, the corps is reaching 500,000 school children thr'ough educational television. Some Failures But in just about eveiry country where the Peace Corps can point to successes, failures' can usually be found - most of them in ur- ban community development. "If we could do things differ- ently, we would have sent fewer volunteers to the urban areas of, tatin America," says Jack H. Vaughn, who in March, 1966, took over the $28,500-a-year director- ship from the first head, Sargent Shriver. "The farther out of the cities the Peace Corps gets, the better off we will be." One of the big reason for th~e failures was the frustration felt by the volunteer because - not given a specific task - he did not know wha't to do. Another dif- ficulty was the inability to define a "community'' in a large city's slums made up of a population of unskilled job-seekers. The city volunteer also lacks status. 'Faeih Cod,' JHis ruralc ounterpart may be the only foreigner who has ever lived in a village. But the city volunteer usually is just a face in the crowd. Volunteers in Ecuador worked as assistants to city planners and helped out in city agencies. Then came a change in city adminis- tration. The new officials didn't know what the volunteers were doing and didn't want them. So the volunteers packed up and left. Volunteers were assigned to hospitals in Tunisia to teach nur- sing. With few exceptions, they had frustrating experiences. They were used as ward nurses and in other routine jobs before the pro- gram fizzled out and was dropped. Despite such failures, the corps - conceived amid criticism, skep- ticism, disbelief and fear -- has come a long way since it was created by President John F. Kennedy in March 1961. Three Goals By law, it has three goals: to help underdeveloped countries meet their needs for trained man- power; to help promote better un- derstanding of the American people in those countries; to help promote better understanding of other peoples by the American people. There are many who believe the corps' greatest successes lie in the last two goals, which are nearly impossible to gauge. Initial public response to the corps was largely favorable, but skeptics were not hard to find. Overseas, the corps heard char- ges - mostly from Communists and Communist-oriented news- papers -- that the volunteers were spies and representatives of the Central Intelligence Agency. Such charges were made again this year in Latin America, Africa and India. "The Big Lie has been with us since 1961 when we sent our first volunteer overseas,' said Vaughn. "We don't try to fight it with words. We just point to our accomplishments. This usu- ally explodes the charges in any community." The corps also continues to get caught up in the political crossfires of countries in which it serves. Last year, the agency was asked to leave Guinea - the first time such a request was made - because of internal poli- tics. End Program Pakistan, which also ended its Peace Corps program, said it wanted higher skills than the volunteers have, but it is believed the real reasons were political. Other countries that have asked the corps to leave for political reas6Tis include Ceylon, where a new government has invited it back; Indonesia under Sukarno and Mauritania during last sum- mer's Middle East crisis. The Peace Corps has never been known to hide Its successes but is quick to acknowledge its mistakes and tries to rectify them. 'Learning,' "We're learning how to do things better," said Vaughn. "We're giving the volunteers better training, we've got better staff and we're asking host coun- tries to make long range plans on what they think their needs will be. "We have some past experience ried now compared to one out of to go on now. We are getting lots every 10 five years ago. of help from returning volunteers What happens to' the v olun- who tell us the problems they en- teers once they complete thenr countered and then we try to Peace Corps tour? pass this on to the new trainees. Nearly four out of 10 - 37 per Former volunteers are doing the cent continue their education; recruiting, the training and run- 19.6 per cent become teachers; ning programs. 12.2 per cent work for the federal During the past two years, the government: 10.2 per cent go into corps has moved away from train- private industry: 7 per cent work ing its volunteers on the ivy- for nonprivate organizations and covered campuses of universities 4.1 per cent are employed by state and colleges and more and more or local governments. The re- into simulated conditions and ini mainder become housewives, enter country training. 'military service or retire. MoreColl e radutesIt is clear that some very high- MoreCollge radutes grade, high gear and highly moti- In recruiting, the Peace Corps vated talent is becoming available hasd zeroed in on the ocollege in the U.S. in increasing number," graduate wit a bceo'de- Vaughn says. "For these same gree - better known around the people who saw in Peace Corps agency as th B eneralit. service an expression of them- One trend note: More married selves are finding the same op- couples are volunteers, One out portunity at home. Our nation' of every five volunteers is mar- will be the better for it." Foreig Observers Atac I 3 LONDON (A') - President John- son's plans for saving the dollar have brought gloom to short term world economic hopes, some foreign observers say. Others are now attacking U.S. involvement in Vietnam for the high cost in dollars as well as in lives. ''Both President Johnson's pro- posals for protecting the dollar, and the Marshall Plan for re- habilitating Europe can be seen as American reactions to mount- ing political pressures abroad," said the Times of London. "The depressing fact is that, whereas the Marshall Plan was expansionist, the Johnson pro- posals are restrictive-. "It would be wrong to blame the President for the measures he has taken; they had probably be- come inevitable. But the outlook for the world is gloomier than it was 20 years ago when an op- timistic America was firmly feel- ing its way toward world leader- ship." Measures to preserve the dollar's value aim at restoring the U.S. balance of payments. They in- clude curbs on U.S. investment overseas and an appeal for Amer- icans to defer pleasure trips out- side the Western Hemisphere for two years. For most European and many Asian countries, this means fewer American dollars from tourists and foreign based U.S. companies, and therefore a slow down in economic growth. Among other comments gath- ered from foreign journals by The Associated Press this week were these sentiments from the Japan- ese newspaper Yomiuri: "Presi- dent Johnson, in making public his program to defend the dollar, made no reference to the Vietnam war. But it is clear that the huge war expenses have kept the aver- age U.S. family budget in the red." West German editorial writers took the U.S. economy measures with surprising calm in the face of the fact thiat the United Staie, will certainly ask West Germany for a bigger share of defense costs there. The news magazine Der Spiegel listed a number of arguments to justify mushrooming U.S. defense costs and said such arguments were all right as long as the United States restricted itself... "to taking restricted action in its own sphere of influence, as in Guatemala, the Dominican Re- public or in the Bay of Pigs." But in Vietnam, the magazine's publisher, Rudolf Augstein, charg- ed, 'the entire military machin- ery of the strongest and most reasponsible country in' the world is engaged . . . to keep a corrupt, overdue puppet regime in power by means of murder and conflag- ration." P residn Quits at U of Hawaii (Continued from Page 1) promising enough money for a first-rate institution. Hawaii has progressed far toward that goal with Hamilton as president. Faculty members fear that the reaction against this incident may result in serious retrogression at the university, both in academic excellence and the strong liberal attitude present there. In a private letter released to The Daily, one faculty member wrote that there seemied to be two possible courses of action: * Regental refusal of the com- mittee report, resulting in Amer- ican Association of University Professors censure, making it "im-. possible to find a decent replace- ment for Hamilton." He added, "Some authoritarian might be found who will punish the facul- ty. The net result of such a course will be a regression of the Univer- sity to its former state." *Tthe other course is accept- ance of the report and a search for "a liberal president who will continue to build the University. I have little hope that under the political pressures coming to them now the regents will be able to make this decision." The "political pressures" in the letter refer to the essentially con- servative nature of the state, ac- cording to Dr. Theodore Becker; now at Wayne State University, on leave from Hawaii. He explained that two features make the state conservative: * the presence of a small num- ber of major land-holding inter- ests on the major island, Oahu; and |milton's record as an enlightened defender of academic freedom, which was testified to by MSU professors, where he was once a vice-president. The prospects for the University of Hawaii are not clear at present. The regents have not yet acted on the comittee's report, but no pos- sible course, short of persuading Hamilton to return and accept the committee's action, will repair the breach that has formed at the uni- versity, among both faculty, ad- ministration, and in the state of Hawaii. IT'S THE RAGE ~a REGULAR MODEL ANY $ 3 LINE TEXT The finest INDESTRUCTIBLE METAL POCKET RUBBER STAMP. %/" x 2". sure to include your ZipCode. 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