A1
"BUT JO distinction
p red in th po on ado-
Ie cent . While gitation de­
clined with age in other
populations, it persisted un­
abated among African American
mal t n-agers.
Th e ymptoms of agitation
could b th thr ad that ti to­
gether disturbances of mood and
underachievement in chool.
The inability to concentrate
could be attributable to worry
and concern about per onal
safety or peril to loved ones
rather than ADD," Barbarin
said.
The researchers also found
that: nAfrican American boys
were ambivalent about fighting
and aggression. They knew
fighting solved little, but fights
often arose from a sense of im­
pending danger and injury.
"Their ability to make decisions
. and discriminate real from
imagined peril was impaired by
living under conditions of
chronic str . They found it dif­
ficult to judge quickly and accu­
rately who would harm them
and who would not," so they be­
came over-vigilant, agitated,
and ggressive, Barbarin said .
• Depression peaks in Afri­
can American boys about age 9-
10 and then falls off, but then
academic failure kicks in. At
ages 15-16, girls chart a similar
course. "IronicallYrit mstbat y
as the children become less aca­
demically directed and commit­
ted, they become less depressed
about failure in school."
• Boys, ages 4-11, were re­
ported to cheat, telllies, and be
disobedient at home and at
school more often than girls.
Girls were more likely to cling to
adults.
• Adolescent boys were more
likely than adolescent girls to
have difficulty sitting still and
concentrating. They also were
more worried than girls.
Adolescent girls, however,
were more often depressed.
Also, anti-social behavior among
girls rose precipitously around
ages 13-14, peaked at 15, and
then declined. .
• While adolescents didn't
seem to be affected by family
structure, young children in
households run by a single
mother, another single adult, or
a mother and stepfather were
markedly more likely to be head­
strong, anxious, immature and
anti-social than those in two­
parent or multiple adult house­
holds.
"However, it is hard to disen­
tangle the effects of single par­
enting from insufficient
income," Barbarin added, "Pov­
erty rather than the single par­
ent may be the problem. It is
hard to tell. "
Ba�barin and Soler's findings
are reported in the November
1993 issue of the Journal of
Black Psychology.
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