I q inva Ku sit in Au-
. gust, 1990, and m rcil lyex-
ploi it until ft r th 1991
Persian Gulf ar, Kuwait' no
being oompe ted by Iraq.
Th truggle for Black repa­
rations' not on W tern
guilt but on Wi tern po Ibil­
ity. While guilt need not 'be in­
herited from generation to
neration, rights and ponsi-
biliti are. The whole concept of
a constitutional order' predi­
cated in the premises of on gen­
eration' setting down the rules
of conduct for future genera-
contin d from page 1
Brock ysthatthe 13th, 14th
and 15th Amendments are, in
, actuality war amendments.
N one of t e changes to the
Constitution were made with
the advice or consent of the Afri­
cans held in slavery, Brock ys.
Forcing the amendments
upon the fonner Black chattel,
stealing them from their country
without a visa, passport or im­
migrant status, then forcing la­
bor without payor compensation
and the refusal of the payment
of reparations are "all acts of war
of Black ensla m".
Brock also says that martial
la w did not start with P ident
Lincoln's Proclamations during
the Civil War as many histori­
ans say. The founding fathers,
who experienced Black slave
war and revolts, realized "the
only way that Blacks could be
chattel enslaved was by war".
The status of Blacks up to the
13th Amendment was that of
"enemy aliens", Brock argues in
the lawsuit.
BROCK SAYS THE found­
ing fathers included the follow­
ing eight slave clauses in the
Constitution and gave the Presi­
dent the additional title of Com­
mander-In-Chief for "quick
enforcement of the provisions of
martialla w":
"The Migration or Impor­
tation of such Persons as any of
the States now existing shall
think proper to admit, shall not
be prohibited by the Congress
prior to the Year one thousand
eight hundred and eight, but a
tax or duty may be imposed on
such Importation, not exceeding
ten dollars for each Person."
(Constitution, Article 1, Section
9, Clause 1)
"The United States shall
protect ... , and on Application of
the Legislature, or of the Execu­
tive against domestic violence."
(Constitution, Article IV, Section
4) .
"No person held to Service
or Labor in one State, under the
laws thereof, escaping into an­
other, shall, in Consequence of
any law or Regulation therein,
be discharged from Service or
Labour, but shall be delivered up
on Claim of the Party to whom
such Service or Labour may be
due." (Constitution, Article IV:
Section 2, Clause 3)
"To provide for calling forth
the militia to execute the laws of
the Union, uppr Insurrec­
tions and repel Invasions". (Con­
stitution, Articl« I, Section 8,
Clause 15)
" ... provide that no Amend­
ment which may be made prior
to the Year One thousand eight
hundred and eight shall in any
manner affect the fir t and
fourth CIa es in the Ninth Sec­
tion of the first Article". (Consti­
tution, Article V)
"No Capitation, or other di­
rect Tax, shall be laid, unless in
Proportion to the Census of'Enu­
meration herein before directed
to be taken" . (Constitution, Arti­
cle I, Section 9, Clause 4)
"Representative and direct
Taxes shall be apportioned
among the several States which
may be included within this U n­
ion, according to their respective
NUmber, which shall be deter­
mined by adding to the whole
number offree Person, including
those bound to Service for a
Term of Years, and exc1udingIn­
dians not taxed, three-fifths of
all other Persons" . (Constitution,
Article I, Section 2, Clause 3)
(TIu! three-fifths of a person. was
how all slaves were counted le�
gally.)
BROCK SAYS HE is excited
about the findings of a recent
Federal Court in the case of
three Ethiopian-born women
who sued a hotel bellman The
women said he was the official
responsible for their torture and
imprisonment more than 15
years ago.
Brock says that the very same
204-year-old la w in that case ap­
plies to Ashton's case and is in
fact included in the complaint
arguing reparations.
Robert Brock can be con­
tacted by writing: Self-Determi­
nation Committee, P.O. Box
. 15288, W�hington, D.C. 20003;
or by calling: (202) 319-8087.
v m nt
o Ii in ... ....."· ..... "".,,...
: t
Africa contai
d titu
rid. Th 10 - rm etbM:tS
and colonization
It of t brutal 1 cy of t
entday.
The cale of BI e para-
tio ould be horrendo ly im­
plemented. After all, th re are
more African Ameri than
there are Je in the whole
orld. There may be t tim
more Mro-Brazilia than there
areJe
What form hould repara­
tions take? There are a least
three major ibilities. One i
capital transfer from the ind -
trialized world to global Mrica
- a kind of Marshall plan in-
pired not by the devastation of
war but by the devastation of
hundreds of years of exploita­
tion.
The second possible mode of
reparations is that of skill
transfers - a grand design to
tackle the managerial and tech­
nological underdevelopment of
Africa and the Black world with
a new international infrastruc­
ture for African and Black train­
ing, education, and
capacity-building, costing. bil­
lions of dollars.
Thi artick initially appeared
in the "Daily Nation" of Nairobi.
It is reprinted MT'e from the Au­
gust 1993 . 8lU of World Pres«
Review.
TIME
continued from A7
dently" has a pre-conceived pic­
ture in her h d.
As more uden of African,
Afro-Latino and Asian descent
participate in study abroad pro­
grams in such countries as Zim­
babwe, the Cameroon and
Egypt, they fi t hand the
similariti and . imilarities
that they have with Afri�
NEARLY THIRTY YEARS
ago, Minister Malcolm X and the
Honorable Elijah Muhammad
told students and all Africans in
America to think in terms of be­
ing internationalists.
trumCl18,
·thcra
yt
in n-
&�� invol about 30 poun
to 130 pound of the drug.
Smith' ttomey, I D niel,
dedi to comment, because
Smith is to be oed ov.16.
CE ............... � .......
1"Al"IA1V1�, under the guidelin ,.
on the total amount of
crack, gardl of how much of
the drug any one of th defen­
dantamight ha
Jackson complained that
there' no room for judge to
consider Smith' . life circum-
tan : He a college stu-
dent, a first-offender with- no
espon and the product of a sta­
ble, two-parent home.
"Often jud 100 upon a
crime committed, and if there' a
stable home, a fi offense, no
gun, judges weigh this," Jackson
said. "In this instance, it doesn't
matter." .
The mandatory sentencing
guidelin have left Smith' par­
ents, Faye and Roger Van Smith
nie.
inmate popula­
tion, bout 2 ,500 in 1980, .
76,000 and' pro' to
eJICeect 116,000 by 1999, accord­
in to t F Bu u of
Pri80. rly 60 nt of
federal inma are erving time
for drug crim .
In July, U.S. District Jud
Lyle Strom of Omaha, Neb., be­
cam t first fed ral judge to
rule that th ntencing guide­
li for cra cocaine d era
re unfair. He ys there' no
p�fthat�ne�m more
potent hen it is converted from
powder to crack.
But this premise dri eo-
caine sentencing practice ,
Strom added, and as a result,
"membe of the African-Ameri­
can race are being treated un­
fairly in reoei ving substantially
longer enten than Cauca­
sian mal ."
Other judges agree ith
Strom. Two in New Yor y
they will no longer take drug
cas . Another judge, Pamela
Alemnder of Hennepin County,
Minn., ruled that the crack vs.
powder disparity was racially
discriminatory.
,
continued from A 7
in our community.
How do we do this? One of the
FOUR GREAT BUDDHIST
VOWS goes like thi ; However
innumerable beings ar I I vow to
save them.
We must insist that the police
ar.e trained to utilize minimum
force to subdue a person, All of­
ficers should be required to take
courses on negotiation and con­
flict resolution on a continuing
basis.
It is indicative of a lack of
respect for human life when a
su pected drug user can be
killed while undergoing an ar­
rest. What could happen to you
if your were pulled over for
speeding, drunk driving or just.
becaus you ar you?
We have enough viol nce
within our communiti . Our
suicidal tendenci are a direct
result of the internal and exter­
nal pressures placed on our peo­
ple. But, d pite this we must
continue to seek improvement.
We must decide what we want
and .how we can achieve it. We
have to control, help and comfort
thos who protect and rve. We
must accept that we, along with
the police, have an obligation to
our community,
If we don't ceept the r pon­
sibility my name or your name
may be added to the FBI's an­
nual crime report and in time be
forgotten like the passing
sons.
, ..
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