Where
efore
part II
byZA IIARY JOIL � 01 . with
K t Y 80 hi in.
Milwaukee Times
FREEDOM TIME
"While these alien kings' con­
trolled the land, certain Theban
nobles traveled' southward to
Kush and organized an
under round liberation- move­
ment. The Hyksos were finally
expelled from Thebes by an army
. led by the Pharoah Sekenenre,
who ended his career on the field
of battle. He was followed in the
kingship by 'the Theban mon­
arch, Ahmose I, who ascended
the throne in 1109 B.C. This king
led his army to the north,
liberated by Memphis. and drove
the Hyksos out of Egypt into the
desert of Sinai.
DAILY LIFE' UNDER THE
18th DYNASTY
"The 'true glory of age
culminated in the reign of
Amenhotep III (1538-1501). Tim­
berwas imported from Syria and
large seaworthy ships were built.
With this fleet, the Egyptian,
mariners and merchants sailed
down the East African coast and
traded with with the people of
Punt. from whom they imported
cargoes of ebony, ivory. ostrich
fea thers, spices and gold. To the
south, they extended their sway
over the Kushities of Nubia. and
in the north, they overwhelmed a
confederation of foes in a battle
at Har-Meggiddon (Armaged­
don). The domain of Amenhotep
III extended from the confines of
Kush to the plaines of Shinar;
and all these territories were so
well organized and so fairly
governed as to greatly enhance
their productive potential.
Thebes expa ded into a mighty
metropolis with walls nine iniles
incircumfc!'ence. In the suburbs,
elegant mansions were erected
. I
THE 18th EGYPTIAN
DYNASTY
Following the expulsion of the
Hyksos, the l Sth Egyptian
__ +-- __ U)U\' formally u hered in.
This dynasty -- a combination of
the Nubian and the Egyptian
royal families=-is considered by
many cholars to be "one of the
greatest royal families if not the
greatest royal family that ever sat.
on throne. anywhere. at any
time:'
The 18th Dynasty --which las­
ted approximately 260 years -­
revamped the failing economy
and shrines to their former glory,
exalted the arts and cicnces in
their educational system and
established a system of legal
checks and balances with which
to rule the cou ntry.
Great architecrual, medical.
engineering, astrological and
military breakthroughs also
occurred during their period.
for nobilty, some of 'them con­
taining fifty or sixty rooms. Their
walls were decorated with fine
paintings. They were fitted out
with costly and attractive inlaid
furniture. and adorned with
beautiful vases and skillfully car­
ved ornaments and uten ils of
bronze. ebony and ivory. Along
the river front. superb temples
were bu il t by the order of the king
and were linked together by
impressive ayenues of sphinxes.
Surrounding the' mansions and
temples were tree-shaded.
boulevards and gardens of
flowers. while, the adjacen t
landscape was enhanced by a
series Of lakes. Since the horse
had been introduced into Egypt
by the Hyksos, an improved sys­
tem of transport developed.
'Biger and better road ere con­
structed, and Egyptia n gen­
tlemen traversed the highways in
swift horse-drawn chariots,"
na tional diplomatic relations.
perfection of national defense .
vast public building programs.
. ecurinc the South and the
North. a nd the bu ilding of a grca t
navy for hoth corn mer e and
war."
Thutrnose III was another
remarkable Egyptian emperor
whose military conque ts rivaled
those of Alexander the Great of
Greece. He overpowered all of
the tate of the We tern Asia and
the i land of the Ea tern Medit ..
erranean, reducing them to the
status of vessels compelled to pay
annual tribute, .. :'Egypt was then
the foremost technical, military
and imperial power in the
world."
Amenhotep III, known as
Amenhotep The Magnificent.
wa the father of Kina
Tutankhamun. Ankhenton
(Ahnk-en-a-ton). another reow­
ned Egyptian ruler, revised the
OUTSTA DING EGYPTIA
RULER
SOUle of the ou tanding ruler
of this era included Hat hepsut
(Hat-shep-soot), a great pha­
roah/queen. Whose architect
Senenmut, became one of the
greatest architectual engineer 0
all time. and who built in her
honor the magnificent tempi at
Deir el-Bahre. which stand. (0
this day.
"Queen Hat. hcpur, daughter
of Thutrnorc I. and" nc of 11w
most brillant mind' that ever
ascended the throne ora u.u i II."
wa indeed a "man in m: ny \ d
her aggre ive and unyielding
characteristic a a ruler.
Hatshepsut. known, to he a
great patron' of the arts a nd
science. was instrumental in
brill in a bou t ignificant politi­
cal. social and economical
changes that included: "the
expansion of foreign trade. inter-
practice of monot hesi 11111 (bel icf
in one God), He also xp a n led
the use of written language on
i�oetry and tory-telling and
e tablished center of art, religion
and mu ic.
His wife Nefertiti --who ruled
by his side-s- is considered to be
one of the most beautiful women
of all time. .
While there are still some peo­
pie who deny-the fact that these
were black people, many
cholars from around the world
who have examined the mum­
mified remains of Egyptian
pharoahs have come to the con­
clusions that it was indeed Black
people who were rcpsousihlc for
the forming rh first civilizntion
in northeastern Africa from
which the re t of mankind
decended.
',.