ce
B ETT, L 0
(1987) - Before � yflower:
A History of Blae America.
B LL, D RICK
(197 - Race, Racism and
American Law.
B RNAL, M RTI
(1987) - Black Athena, The
�iatic Roo of aassical
Qvilization: Vol\lIl¥: 1. The
. Fabrication of Ancient Greece.
BLYDEN, EDWARD W.
(1887) - Ouistianity, Islam and
� gro Race,
BRANCH, TAYLOR
(1988) - Parting the Waters:
America in � King Years.
DE GRAFf.JOHNSON,
J.e. (1954) - African Glory.
� Story 0 Vanished egro
Qvilizations.
mop, CHEIKH ANTA
(1974) - Tbe African Origin of
Civilization: Myth or Reality.
mop, CHEIKH ANTA
(1978) - The Cultural Unity of
Black Africa: The Domains of
Patriarchy and of Matriarchy in
Oassical Antiquity.
mop, CHElKH (1991) -
Qvilization or Barbarism; An
Authentic Anthropology.
DUBOIS, W.EB. (1973)­
Black Reconstruction in
America: An Essay Toward a
History of the Part Which Black
Folk Played in the Attempt to
Reconstruct Democracy in
America, 1800-1880.
DUBOIS, W.EB. (1972)­
The World aM Africa: An in­
quiry into the part which Africa
has played in world histoty.
FORBES, JACK (1989) -
Black Africans and Native
Americans: Color, race and caste
in the Evolution of- Red-African
People.
GARVEY, AMY JA:C·
Q� (1970) - Garvey aM
GaIveyism.
GIDDINGS, JOSHUA I
(1958) - The Exiles of Florida:
or � Crimes Committed by our
Government against the
Maroons, who fled from South
Carolina and other slave states,
seeking protection Wlder Spanish
laws.
HARDING, VINCENT
(1981) - There Is a River: The
Black Struggle For Freedom in
America.
HARRIS, JOSEPH (Ed.)
(1m) - African and Atricers
. As Seen By aassical Writers.
HARRIS, JOSEPH E. (1974)
- Pillars In Ethiopian History:
The William Leo Hansberry
African History Notebook.
Vol�1.
,HIGGINBOTHAM, A
LEON (1978) - The Matter of
Color: Race aM The American
Legal Process,
HILLIARD, ASA G.,
PAYrON-STEWART,
LUCRETIA and lARRY
OBADELE WILLIAMS
( 990) - The Infu ion of
African and African American
Content In The School Cur­
riculum: First National Con­
ference Proceeding , October
1989.
HOLTZClAW, �OBERT
FULTO (19S» - The Sain�
Go Marching In: A O� Volwne
hagiography of Africam, or des­
ceOOanm of Africam who have
been canonized by the ChW'Ch
irx:luding three of tile early Popes.
HILTON: HIGHER
EDUCATION is dDigned to
� with college and world
readers. � is ongoing
andcmainly not limited to class­
room study. La's talk. (714)
899.()6SO.
VIEWS/OPINIONS
minority jo
Ironically, the gre te t r cial
divisio em to be amon young
people below the of 25.
In October, 1991, Peter D. art
Re e rch oci t conducted
nationwide pool of teenager
concerning their cial belie and
perceptions. The profile which
emerged ill tra that many young
American virtually live in two
eparate racial unive
When ed whether COllege
hould give" pecial consideration"
to recruiting and dmitting tudents
of color, 51 percent of the young
whit were opposed. Two thirds of
all young whites expre ed
oppo i tion to busin es which gave
"special consideration to minority
job applicants." White oppo ition
climbed to 78 percent to the question
of whether employers should extend
"special preference" in evaluating
Reagan's open embrace for
apartheid in South Africa, his hatred
of civil rights and affirmative action
regulations, have influenced the
racial outlook of many young whi tes.
Instead of approaching racial
Governm nt to
hom iess: ·Go to jail!
By MUMlA ABU-JAMAL
The growing hordes of homeless ing women and people," Buchanan
swell by the hour as the U.S. opined(Patriot-News,Hsbg.,PA;24
economy spirals towards deadfall. December 1991).
Major multinationals, in a race The longtime Presidential aide
towards more margins of profit told reporters, "I would put them up
abroad, toss U.S. workers out into for the night and if they keep doing
the cold, and hire foreign workers at it I would pick them up for vagrancy
the barest fraction of the ex-workers and lock them up."
pay. This is the logical extension of a
The result? Factories shutting series of administrations built on
doors here only to reopen across the animosity against the poor; a party of
border, or acros the Pacific. job the ultra-rich; a government built on
fleeing; a tark drop in purchas of enmity and class war, a sy tern of
big-tlcket items, like cares and racial conflict; and a government of
refrigerators; missed payments; and the rich, and for the rich.
homelessness. Estimates range up to The public policy used to be the
the millions for people without rhetoric of help the poor; tomorrow's
homes, .with less and less hope of theme is hate the poor.
getting one anytime soon. WITH GOVERNMENT clos-
Economists define a recession as ing schools, hospitals, and public
. when the G�P (Gross National services the only growth industry on
Product) declines for two consecu- the horizon is the dead end of
tive quarters. It �o� wel� over a y�r' prisons. '
for the �ush administration to a�lt With steel mitis shuttered, fac­
the ob�ous - that the U.S. w� 10 tortes. idled, and automotive in­
the gr:ps of � de�dly deepe�ng dustries gasping for a last breath,
recession, and tmmment depression. workers are being siphoned into the
so-called "correctional" field, a
series of dead-end jobs which
produce nothing for a social and
political economy in crisis, save for
a growing Black pool of bitterness.
The cynical, counterproductive
and utterly stupid call to shackle and
pen the homeless "if they keep doing
it" is a reflection of the shallow
soundings that pass for "thought"
and political programs that is send-'
tng the nation's social and economic
life into the ewers.
AS THE political races begin this
season, GOP presidential candidate
Patrick Buchanan lobbied aloft the
grinchlike trial balloon that die-hard
homeless be tossed into jail.
In a time when states and
municipalities are slipping into
bankruptcy, and jails filled to burst­
ing, this politician proposes a jail cell
for those damned to be poor.
"I don't think we should have
them wandering the streets frighten-
protest spot directly in front of the
restaurant the site commander who
led the attack at Lehman suddenly
brought 200 police in full riot gear
out onto the street and over tho
protests of my attorney ordered the
police to rush the demonstrators and
physically force us to the other side
of the street.
On Tuesday night March 31 the
New York Police Department acting
on instructions from Bronx Borough
President Fernando Ferrer twice
assaulted me and several of my
supporters. The first attack occurred
outside the presidential debate at
Lehman College the second outside '
a restaurant where Governor Bill
Clinton was cheduled to appear at a
post-debate party:
Though I had a ticket 0 attend the
debate, a ticket which I presented at
the entrance gate, I was refused entry
by New York City police on the
direct instructions of Mr. Ferrer.
When I protested to police that the
exclusion was arbitrary and
undemocratic the order w given to
eject me. I was surrounded by police
manhandled and forcibly thrown
against the fence in full view of
witnesse .
After I was prevented fro-m
entering Lehman College. I began a
march of 150 supporters to the
restaurant to prote t Clinton's
appearance at a Bronx Democratic
organization reception hosted by a
local city councilman. The protest
ultimately forced Clinton to cancel
his appearance.
But after the peaceful,
police-e corted march, and after
having been led by the police to a
SIMULTANEOUSLY, several
. officers moved to arrest a supporter
of mine on trumped-up charges of
assaulting a police officer.
The viciousness with which the
police attacked me and my
supporters made a very clear
statement about how Mr. Ferrer and
the Democratic Party feel about
democracy. If I've done nothing
else during the course of this primary
campaign, I have exposed the extent
to which the election process is under
the very tight control of the
Democratic Party and the various
institutions in which it operates -
from the police to the courts to the
Board of Elections.
When I challenged the
nominating petitions of Senator Paul
Tsong , putting forth that he had
le than the required number of
signatures and that he d commi tted
fraud to get them the Democratic
Party mobilized its election
frequently
complain th t affirm tive ction
policie elevate "unqualified"
tudents of color into their college .
Yet few di cuss the policy of
"legaci ," the practice of dmitting
the ons, daughter and
grandchildren of alumni to colleges,
even when their academic records
are less than competitive.
At Harvard College, for example,
-0-
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mi ion ie e
children of the
t!
I 97, 0 36 percent 0
11 tino high chool graduat
ged 18 to 26 ere enrolled in
college. By 1 , only 26.8 percent
of all Latino in thi age group ere
in college.
The me re tre t from
education I equality occurred for
Black tudents.
In 1975, 32 percent of all Blac
high chool graduate age 18-26
were attending college; thirteen
years later, the percenta had fallen
to 28.1 percent. Meanwhile, the
enrollments of white tudents in
these years ctually increased, from
32.4 percent of 18-26 year olds in
1975 to 38.1 percent in 1988.
f the
e
Dr. Manning Marable is
Professor of Political Science tmd
History, University of Colorado,
Boulder. "Along the Color Line"
appears in over 230 newspapers
inte17UJlio1Ullly, and a radio W!rsion
is broadcast by over 50 stations
throughout North�rica.
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commissioners its judges and its
majority control of the State
Assembly and pulled out all the stop
to make sure that Tsongas was on the
ballot. '
When I challenged various debate
sponsors to include all four of the
Democratic Party candidates in the
New York race - two of whom.
Larry Agran and Senator Eugene
McCarthy. I had gotten on the ballot
- the Democratic Party and the
media closed ranks to insure that
only the "Terrible Two" would
debate.
, When I walked to the gate of a
public event held at a public college
and presented a ticket to it in the
audience and watch a debate
between Clinton and Brown. I
assaulted by police who were "just
following orders" from Fernando
Ferrer. And when I and others
attempted to exercise our
cons ti tutional right to hold a
peaceful protest outside the police
attempted to provoke a riot.
THERE IS A very clear pattern
here. it's a pattern of the Democratic
Party going to whatever e tremes­
be they legislative legalistic or
life-threatening - in order to
maintain its control' of the political
proces and eep silenced any
I. ,
genuine voices of dissent
particularly voice that emanate
from the Black and Latino
community.
It is a measure of the extent to
which the Democratic Party feels
threatening by growing voter
dissatisfaction and voter outrage at
the narrowness of choices offered to
the American people.
Governor Bill Clinton and
Governor Jerry Brown are
themselves responsible for a climate
in which Ferrer can call in the cops
to abuse community people. Clinton
and Brown by their refusal to insist
upon open and inclusive debate are
responsible for an environment in.
which the Democratic Party can go
to any all extremes to exclude.
There are many in our
communities who believe that this
issue of democracy is a fundamental
issue in America today. '
B CK
EMPOWERM
The anti democratic democrat
DR.
LENORA
FULANI
Reverend Timothy Mitchell and the
Reverend Barry Lee Wally - issued
a statement calling for the inclusion
of all four candidates in all the ew
York debates undeISCOring the need
for a democratic and inclusive
atmosphere.
The candidates and the debate ·
sponsors have not heeded their call.
In fact, the police attack took place .
only eight hours after the miDJateJl'
tatement w released to tile public.
What incredible disdain and
di regard for moral decency and
democracy! It is that DeJllOC%ltic
Party and their utter disregard and
disrespect for democracy that e are
challenging.
EARLIER THIS WEEK, in
response to a request from me a
number of Black ministers in the city
- including the Reverend Calvin
Butts the Reverend Floyd Flake the
Reverend AI Sharpton the Reverend
Darryl George the Reverend Saul
William the Reverend Glenn
Mi ick Father Robert Castle the
Reverend Jame Forbe .the
Dr. Lenora Fulani is tlte
chairperson of tire New AUilutce
Party and a practicing social ·
therapist in Harlem. SM CIl1l be .
contacted iu the New Allia1lce Party,
2032 Fifth Av�'New Yor� NY
10035 and al (212) 996-4700.