od Y cl lc
or, 0 Europe Under-
eveloped !ric. co enlly
ocum n ho t e ubju atlon
of Africa by Burop led to the
nr chment of rope' hile
leavln Africa Impoveri hed,
ea and underdeveloped.
In re lity odney' inci ive
nal y I c be e tended to
much of the orld. The hi tory
of the la t ever I ce nturte
could be dub ed, ho Europ
underdeveloped the Third
World.
In orne y it i impo ible
to nderst nd the conflict in the
eulan Gulf out ide 0 thl con-
_,.,,--- text. meric, Europe and their
client state ee to perpetu te
the ystem of domin nee which
has produced we lth, po er nd
privilege for minority of the
orld' populatln while leaving
,tbe victim of that domination
in poverty nd mi ery.
In the jargon of international
relation thi dichotomy be­
tween America, Europe and the
so called "developing" orld i
referred to as the North - South
conflict.
Stripped of thi euphemism,
however, the North - South
conflict i a struggle between
white. Euro-American power
and Black people and peoples of
color in the Third World.
From lavery to colonialism
and the ri e of capitali m and
neo-coloniali m, the develop­
ment of Europe and America ha
,been fueled by the cheap raw
materials, mineral, precious
metal, OIL and cheap labor of
Africa and the Third World. '
About 25 % of the world's
population has been nourished
off the vital life blood of the
human and materi 1 resources of
75% of the world' population.
h th r in rica, ia, the In-
dian ub-conuuent, Centr I
ertca, th Caribbean, South
mer c or the Arab he rtland
in the iddle Ea t, Euro-
merle n pro peritr nd po er
h been bu It on·t bac of
the toilin In e of people of
color in the hird orld.
The us I n evolution of
1917 nd the emer ence of the
Soviet Union a
"sociali t/oommunist" super
po er introduced ne and
potenti lly permanent edge of
divi ion among the white
powers in the north.
.Confttcting ideologies and
Inte e political, economic nd
mllit ry competition for
hegemony between wh t came
to be known as "Ba t and West"
enabled manyn tion within the
Third World to play both ides
off again t each other through a
policy of "non- lignment."
Beyond the po ture of non­
alignment, however, the force
of anti-coloniali m nd national
liberation in Africa and the
Third World looked to the
Soviet Union, the Eastern bloc
and Chin for aid and a i tance
against European colonialism.
In Africa the liberation move­
ments in Moz amb ique , Zim­
babwe, Guinea-Bissau, Angola
and South Africa were not sup­
ported by the Western bloc, but
by the Eastern bloc.
In the Middle Ea t, it w
Europe n coloniali m which
carved up the region and et the
boundarie for present day Arab
nations. These boundarie we
e tablished in accordance. with
the intere t of Europe and
America with acces to the
region's oil as a. primary con-
sideration. '
The Iraq-Kuwait conflict has
Beneath Engler's
EducatioT? �,g�lJ.,!� ., ,
ti1D�R.CO�� ChQ y, a Lt n g u i tie
philosopher, has gone on
record with his belief that so­
cial engineering has been a
blatant delu ion and the
greatest curse of modern age.
Men and women possess in­
born structures of mind, he in­
sist, and they have intrinsic
needs for cultural and social
patterns which, for them, are
natural.
Even language is an innate
rather than acquired ability­
the result of genetic in­
heritance, according to
Chomsky.
SCHOOLS, to Rousseau,
were merely tools to be used
in Instilling and contrOlling
opinions. He taught that
tho e who control a people '
opinions also control it ac­
tion .
Rous eau' idea on educa­
tion 'ha pre ent-day America
following a policy of c6mpul­
sive chool attendance be­
tween the age of six and
sixteen. While most tate '
allow high chool graduate
to teach children in the home,
MiChigan is one of two tates
thet require home chooling
to be taught by a tate-cer­
ti fied teacher ...
There i growing evidence
of di ali faction, if not di -
ent, with tatu quo educa-
tion policie. Noam
ob
I
c
premier
Pri
r
ric
Ron Daniel. erve p, st­
dent 0/ the In tlt .. t lor Co -
unity Organizatlo Gild
Development in YOUlIg.tDWII,
Ohio. He may be cOlltacted ilt
(216) 746-5-747.
"State ffort
to shape ,
'behavior are
not only
doomed to
failure, but
Involve terrible
crueltyl"
SOME EXPERTS in learn­
ing theory sugge t that eduea­
lion theories that further
governmental aims while per­
forming a disservice to
teacher and pupils are
re pon ible for the national
decline in literacy. The more
than 16,000 chool districts in
this na ti on ad ve rti e q uali t y
education bu there's growing
concern they offer too much
subject matter having the in­
tellectual equivalent of junk
food-a smorga bord of 'fun'
food-forethought. '
The 1991 water, winter
wonderland result of
cafeteria- tyle education i il­
literate and emi-liter te
young people who are con­
demned to poverty and the
ideline of community.
living. Meanwhile, Engler
hope throwing more people
out on the treet in order to
pad hi favori te pecial inter­
est group' will erase the
tate' problem. Obviously
educ tion didn't help him; he
need orne common en e.
By C H. W t, M.D. lasted more th n three year
In December, 1990, the Rus- nd cost ne rly h If billion
sian leader, Mi hail Gor- dollar. According to
bach v, became the second Newsweek, 12/20/71. the
person of Russian descent to Congo c per w , at that time,
be w rded the Nobel Pe ce "the U.N. larg t nd cost lie t
Prize, ceremony that began in undert king of its kind."
1901. Andrei Sakh rov, the Admitting defeat on
fir t, was cho en in 1975. It T hombe, the L.B. John on
wa forty year ago, that Dr. dmini tr tion ettled for Se e
Ralph Bunche became the first Seto Mobutu, who had a sisted
of four Nob�1 Peace Prize win- in getting rid of Lumumba.
ners, of Afncan descent. Mobutu c me to power in 1965.
Bunche attracted the atten- This durable Afric n is, still
tion of the Nobel judges by his ' president of Zaire, formerly
work the chief negotiator the Congo.
duj ing an 81-day effort to The 1960 Nobel Peace
bring peace to the Jew and Laureate wa Albert Luthuli
Palestinians, in the Near East, Pre ident of South Afric "
in 1949. He had .a sumed African National Congre .
leadership of the negotiating The Nobel Committee' an­
team after hi chief, Swedish nouncement stated that the
Count Folke Bernadotte, was award w s given to the person
assa sinated by terrorists, who "who has done most for the fur­
opposed their peace efforts. therance of brotherhood
Unfortunately, the peace among men and to the aboli h­
for which Bunche was awarded ment or reduction of e tab­
the Prize never materialized. lished armies and for the ex­
The United Nations failed to tension of these purposes."
.provide enforcement of the NEITHER THE apartheid
948 treaty, and the adver- goveru nt of Sou Afric,
. Ie have' continued 0 blame no w t lie took any
ad kill each other at an alarm- particular notice of this inter­
ing rate. Later, Bunche was national citation. With the
sent to the Congo to help put continuing endorsement and
down the strife that followed support of their friends, South
the a sassination of the Congo Africa's racial oppression and
leader, Patrice Lumujnba. The physical abuse against the non­
U.S. State Department's futile white m jority, teadily in­
efforts to install a more creased. The infamous, four-
favorable Tshombe, as year long Treason Ttial, with
Lumumba's r e p l a ce m en t, 138 defendants, one of whom
Blue eros
was made to pay the claims for
the three earlier years).
The state agreed to submit
claims that included data ele­
ments 'necessary for BC/BS to
assure its liability and claim ac­
curacy, and process claims on
its system.
According to MSA, the
agreement did not resolve the
issue, because MSA could not
give BC/BS all the data ele ..
ments requested wi hout sub­
stantial changes to the state's
computer system.
In December 1985, after
BC/BS paid $9.1 million of the
post-October 1976 claims, the
t te negotiated a second
agreement for BC/BS to pay an
additional $9.4 million in place
of processing ·the remaining
claims. BC/BS paid a total of
about $18.5 million on claims
of $90.7 million accumulated
from Oct 1976 through Aug.
1981.
FROM 1982 through 1988,
the MSA tried a� alternate ap­
proach to recovering claims
from Sept. 1981 through Aug.
1988, the AIteniate Recovery
Process. The approach had
,the MSA identifying paid
claims for recipients identified
as having BC/BS insurance, but
instead of billing BC/BS for
recovery, the MSA returned
the claim to the provider
(physician, hospital, etc) to
collect from Be/BS. To
reCGver payments, the MSA
adjusted the providers account
to reduce its, future' Medicaid
payment.
Thi approach met with
many difficulties, it was a labor
inten ive proce , which
produced a b cklog of un­
processed claims. Al 0, the
proce di couraged doctors
and ho pit Is from particip t­
ing in Medicaid, bec use of
difficulty in obtaining p y-
Continued from Pale 1 '
ments from BC/BS. This in
turn,' deprived receipients of
Medicaid coverage.
Conyers said the Alternate
Recovery Process put many
Black doctors and hospitals
out of business, with only one
Black hospital remaining in the
state. ,
The Alternate Recovery
Process, which lasted nearly
seven years, resulted .in very
few recoveries. The state only
recovered $1.9 million of an es­
timated $71.3 million in claims.
In 1989 MSA and BC/BS
signed a $400,000 contract for
a claims processing system to
be developed in three phases.
BC/BS also advanced MSA $5
million for potential liability of
unpaid M-edicaid claims,
dating from Aug. 1988.,
THE GAO report says the·
claims processing sy tem has
not been implemented (and'
subsequently the claims
proc�ssing system called for in
the 1980 agreement was not
developed), and that the
claims backlog from Aug. 1988
through April 1990 totals $59.3
million. ,
The GAO says this agree­
ment had the practical effect
of indefinitely postponing
recoveries from BC/BS, al­
though the state is obligated to
see recovery 60 days after a
claim is submitted. GAO also
notes that a ignificant part of
the backlog may be lost due to
the 12-18 month filing re­
quiremnets under many
employer sponsored health,
benefit plans administered by
BC/BS.
A of M rch 1991, MSA is
still operating under the 1989
three-pha c> agreement. No
new payments h ve been made
on identified claim pending
completion of ph e two nd
three of the new computer
o
w Luthuli, would continue
for nother year. The Shar­
peville M ere, of Afric n
women pe cefully prote tin
g in t passbook , m de the
he dline , in 1960.
It w in 1961, the following
year, that Prime Mini ter
Hendrik Verwoerd eve red
South Africa' connection to
the British Commonwe Ith and
de cl red South Africa
Republic.
P. M. Verwoerd seized com­
plete executive' uthority at the
expen e of the legislative nd
judiciary br ache of the
government. The ANC
re ponded by cr e ting
Umkhonto we Sizwe, the
military wing of the ANC. It
was launched, without
Luthuli's end or ement, on
12/15/61. Luthuli was killed
under uspicious circumstan­
cos.
The third Nobel Peace
Laureate, of African descent,
was Dr. Martin Luther King,
awarded in 1964. A disciple of
non-violence from t�e begin­
ning, he rose to national
prominence in 1955, as the
I.eader of the very succes ful,
381-day Montgomery Bus
Boycott. Taking the mandate
of the Peace Prize seriously, he
denounced the Viet m war,
throughout the Unite tates
and el ewhere.
While this Crusade for
Peace earned King a Nobel,
Peace Prize, it cost him his fol­
lowing and, finally, hi life.
rhe Vietnam war, gainst
which he waged a fearless
campaign for peace, continued
f9r seven years after his 1968
matching system. The system'
is at least one year behind
chedule, and the GAO and
Health Care Finance Ad­
ministration question the
bility of the sy tem to fully-
solve the payment backlog
problem.
The GAO ay st te and
feder I monitoring and ov�r­
sight of the Michigan
Medicaid recovery program
nO
c
n
•
The 1992 Engler budget has
cuts of more an twenty per­
cent for both Civil Rights and
. Social Services Departments.
State aid to school ,however,
will rise, prompting a closer
examination of public educa­
tion, American-style.
"The theorie that have
dominated American educa­
tion for the past fifty years
stem ultimately from Jean
Jacques Rousseau," says Eric
Hirsch, Professor of English
at the University of Virginia.
, In his national bestseller, Cul­
tural Literacy-What Every
American Needs To Know,
Hirsch goes on to mention
Rousseau's idea of a child's
intellectual and ocial skills
developing naturally without
regard to the specific content
of education.
Now here in his 2S1-page
book doe Hirsch let
American know that, accord­
ing to Rou eau, the educa­
tional proce s is the path to
governmental success in ef- "State efforts to shape be-
fectively managing people. 'havi or toward some European
Hirsch doesn't reveal that model are not only doomed to
.Rousseau taught that the state ('ailure," Chom ky tecently·
should have a free hand in t "said, "but in the process of
upbringing of all children. 'failing they hinder develop­
Nor does he admit Rousseau ment and involve terrible
showed a complete lack of cruelty.';
concern for child·ren-espe­
cially his own. Rousseau
deposited each of hi five
newborns on the steps of the,
state-run orphanage, for all
practical purposes condemn­
in g the b a b i e s t.o h 0 r t,
miserable lives.
as s in tion, t' n dditional
co t of million of live nd
trillions of doll r. Dr. Kin
p id de r price. He never e -
perienced another moment of
peace from 1955 until his un­
timely death, nor his memory
ince then.
The I t member of this
quartet i Bi hop De mond
Tutu, like Luthuli, a South
Afric n. With 11 the political
Afric n leader urdered,
detained or exiled by the apart­
heid regime, Bishop Tutu did
hat he could to fill t e void
by tr veling far and. ido,
pre ching bout nd reachina
for reconciti tion, brother­
hood.and peace. He provided
encour gement nd direction
to many anti-apartheid forces
around the world nd as
charged with treason at home
but as w, rded the Nobel
Pe ce Prize in 1984�
Even when in the full vest ..
ments �f hi high church office
I
and adorned with the creden-I
tials of a Nobel Laureate, Tutu:
wa, till, ubject to impri on-�
ment, under South Africa'si
pa slaw , unless he carried his �
pa book on his person. . l
Despite Tutu's efforts, thel
years since 1984 have been
among the bloodiest in all of
South Africa' cruel hi tory, a
period that coincide with the
enforcement of' Pre ident
Reagan' infamou "conatruc­
tive engagement" policies, in
South Afric .
Already, Congressman John '
Conyers (D-Mi.) ha an-'
nounced the candidacy of Nel- I
son Mandela for the 1991 j
Nobel Peace Prize.
h ve been ineffective,
recommended as es in
double damages on in urer .
who do not pay Medicaid'
claims when they should. :
CONY STAT D hear- :
ings will be held in April to ob- .
tain an wer from 11 parties
involved in the stato',
Medicaid program. a