Looking Back

From the William Davidson Digital Archive of Jewish Detroit History

accessible at www.djnfoundation.org

54 | JANUARY 23 • 2020 

‘The Holocaust
Unfolds’ Exhibit
I

’
m pleased to let you 
know that our Jewish 
News Foundation Exhibit 
— “The Holocaust Unfolds: 
Reports from the Detroit 
Jewish Chronicle and News”
— will be on 
display again at 
the Mardigian 
Library at the 
University of 
Michigan-Dear-
born. This 
exhibit was 
developed with 
the Holocaust 
Memorial Center in Farming-
ton Hills and was shown there 
in the fall of 2018. 
The Holocaust, or Shoah, 
was not a universally rec-
ognized historical concept 
until after World War II 
when it was finally under-
stood that the Nazi party 
and their collaborators had 
systemically and brutal-
ly attempted to annihilate 
Jews in Europe. Prior to 
and during the war, unlike 
America’
s mainstream media, 
the Detroit Jewish News and 
its predecessor, the Detroit 
Jewish Chronicle, continually 
published reports about 
Nazi atrocities. This exhibit 
shows the Holocaust unfold-
ed in the contemporary 
pages of the Detroit Jewish 
News and Chronicle. 
There will be an opening 
reception at 7 p.m. Monday, 
Jan. 27, in room 1216 of the 
Mardigian Library at UM-D 
with opening remarks by 

Dean of the College of Arts, 
Sciences and Letters Marty 
Hershock; Jamie L. Wraight, 
director of The Voice/
Vision Holocaust Survivor 
Oral History Archive (holo-
caust.umd.umich.edu); and 
Arthur Horwitz, president 
of the Detroit Jewish News 
Foundation. The exhibit will 
be on display from Jan. 20 
through the end of April.
 The event is free and open 
to the public. Light refresh-
ments will be served, and, 
most important, you are 
invited! 
An RSVP is appreciated, 
but not required. Write to: 
jwraight@umich.edu.
The opening night of “The 
Holocaust Unfolds” was also 
selected to coincide with 
global commemorations of 
the liberation of Auschwitz 
in 1945. There is a lot of 
material about that day in 
the William Davidson Digital 
Archive of Jewish Detroit 
History, including a story I 
wrote for the Feb. 12, 2012, 
issue of the JN, after I attend-
ed the 70th anniversary of the 
liberation of Auschwitz. It was 
the most moving event I have 
ever witnessed.
The Jewish News 
Foundation is grateful to our 
UM-D hosts, who understand 
the message of the exhibit. 
Dean Hershock said, “The 
campus is excited to be part-
nering with the Detroit Jewish 
News Foundation to host the 
‘
Holocaust Unfolds’
 exhibit. 

The exhibit con-
nects to a number 
of long-standing 
campus curric-
ular priorities 
such as the 
Voice/Vision 
Archive and 
our heavily subscribed 
courses on the Holocaust, 
and will offer the campus 
community an opportunity 
to grapple with the always 
nettlesome question of who 
knew what and when as it 
relates to the world’
s reaction 
to the unfolding slaughter in 
the World War II-era Nazi 
empire.” 
Dr. Wraight added: “The 
archive’
s founder, Professor 
Sid Bolkosky, continuously 
emphasized the need for qual-
ity Holocaust education in 
the Detroit metropolitan area. 
I’
m very happy and proud to 
work with the DJN to bring 
the exhibit to UM-Dearborn.” 
The Detroit Jewish News 
Foundation is also happy 
and proud to work with 
Dean Hershock and 
Professor Wraight, who 
welcomed us and the 
exhibit to UM-D. I hope 
you will come and 
see it. 

Want to learn 
more? Go to the DJN 
Foundation archives, 
available for free at 
www.djnfoundation.org.

Mike Smith
Alene and 
Graham Landau 
Archivist Chair

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bolko
olko
lk
ko
kosk
osky
osky
sk
sk
k
olkosky
lko
os
s
kosky
sk
osky
kosky
ko
osk
ky
sk
ky
sk
ky
y
ky
y

hired
hired
hi
ired
i
hire
hir
hi
ir
hired
hi
ir
re
ed
d
hire
ired
ired
red
d
red
d
ired
d

vers
vers
vers
vers
versity
ersity
versity
versity
e
versity
rsity
versity
ver
versity
er
ve
ve s
versity
t
ersity
ersity
ity
er
rs
sity
sity
it
sity
y

nothing
nothin
nothing
not
nothing
nothing
nothing
nothing
nothin
othing
othing
th
othing
nothing
oth
nothi
nothing
no
othin
othing
thing
hi
othing
othing
thi
ing
ng
ng
ng

ayah
ayah
aya
ayah
ay
yah
aya
ayah
ayah
ay
yah
ay
ayah
ya
yah
ah
ay
ya
yah
a
yah
h
ah
h
y h

william
willi
willi
william
william
william
william
wi
il
illia
llia
wil
ll
william
i
william
illiam
lli
lia
illiam
lliam
ll am
a
liam
ia
am
am

today
today
today
to
to
o
today
to
today
to
od
today
day
d
to
oda
oday
tod
day
da
day
today
to
od
od
day
da
ay
y
oday
ay
day
y
ay
ay
y

chancello
chancellor
hancellor
chan
chancell
hanc
h
ch
hancellor
hancell
cha
cha
chancel
anc
an
chance
hancellor
ha
hanc
an
ncello
nce
anc
ha
ancello
ancellor
c ll
ll
lo
ncell
ce
cellor
ello
cello
llo
l
e o
ello
el
ll
ll r
or
r

chancello
chanc
h
chancellor
ch
hanc
hancell
h
chancell
chancello
hancell
ancel
a
chancellor
chancel
chancello
chancello
h
chancellor
hancell
ha
an
n
chanc
hancellor
ha
ancell
cell
chancellor
ancello
ncellor
ell
cellor
ell
l
ell
ll
lo
o
lor
r
ellor
or
or
r

up
up
up
p
up
up
up
up
p
up
up

u.s
u s
u s
u.s
s
u s
u.s
u.s
u.s
u s
.s
s
u.s

as
as
as
s
as
as
s

as
as
s
as
as
s
a

as
as
as
as
s
as
s

as
as
s
as
as
as
s
as

as
as
as
s
as
s
as
s

as
as
s
as
as
as
s

as
as
as
as
s
as
as
as
s
as
as
s
as
s

72
72
72
72
2
72
72
2

might
might
might
might
migh
might
migh
migh
mi
ig
gh
might
might
mig
gh
gh
might
ht
ht
t
might
mi
ig
ig
gh
ht
ght
t
ig
g
ight
ht
t
ght
t

it
it
t
it
it
t
it
it
it
t
it

it
it
it
it
t
it
t

it
it
it
t
it
it
it
t
it
t
it

it
it
it
it
t
it
it
t
it
t

it
it
t
it
t
it
it
it
t

it
it
t
it
it
t
it
it
it
t
it
t
it
t

it
it
it
t
it
t
it
t
it
it
t
it
t
it

it
it
t
it
it
t

it
it
t
it
t

it
it
it
it
t
it
t
it
t
i

steven
steven
steven
tev
e
stev
tev
te
even
e
st
teven
teve
te
even
ven
ve
ve
en
ve
en
en
en
en
n

though
though
thoug
thoug
hough
houg
h
though
though
hough
ho
oug
o
hough
ugh
thou
ho
ou
though
ug
though
hou
ugh
oug
gh
h
ou
ug
gh
h
ugh
ug
ug
gh
gh
g

in
in
nn
inner
n
inne
nn
ne
inne
inner
nne
ner
ne
ne
e
nne
ner
er
r

loca
lo
loca
oc
loca
lo
oca
oca
loca
oc
oc
oc
oc
c
oca
loca
lo
o
lo
oca
oc
oca
a
oc
ca
a

much
mu
muc
much
mu
muc
mu
uch
uch
h
much
mu
uch
uc
ch
h

muc
much
mu
much
muc
much
much
muc
much
ch
much
muc
uc
ch
h
much
uc
much
h
ch

mu
much
mu
much
mu
uch
u
much
uc
c
much
much
h
mu
uch
h
ch
ch
h

much
much
ch
much
much
much
u
much
mu
u
muc
much
muc
mu
much
ch
h
much
uc
ch
h

success
succ
succes
uccess
u
succe
success
ucce
ccess
c
uc
cce
cc
c
cces
es
s
ce
es
ss
s

vor
vo
vo
o
vo
vo
or
r
vo
or
r

with
with
with
wi
wit
it
th
th
th
with
wi
it
th
with
h
wit
it
th
h
it
th
th
h
th
h

with
with
with
with
t
with
wi
with
ith
t
wit
with
with
with
with
t
with
h
with
wit
th
th

with
with
wi
i
wit
wi
it
it
th
h
with
h
wi
with
ith
th
h
with
th
h
ith
th
h

with
with
wit
with
it
th
ith
wit
ith
th
h
with
wit
th
th
h

with
wit
wit
t
ith
h
with
wit
th
wit
it
it
th
h
wit
it
th
h

with
with
with
with
with
wi
i
with
with
th
h
with
wit
th
h
th
th
h

with
wi
wit
i
wit
wi
it
th
h
with
wit
wi
ith
th
with
h
wit
wit
th
h

wit
wit
with
with
wi
with
with
wi
wi
i
wit
with
h
wi
it
th
h
it
th
with
h

with
wit
wit
wi
ith
ith
th
wi
it
it
th
h
wi
it
wit
th
h
th
h
th

with
with
with
with
wi
i
wit
with
it
t
with
th
with
with
wit
ith
with
with
w th
th
t

with
with
with
i
wit
with
wi
ith
th
h
wi
it
th
h
wi
it
th
h
with
th
th
h

versary
versar
ver
ve
versary
e
ve
vers
ve
versary
er
rs
s
versary
rsar
versar
s
ersa
a
er
rsary
ary
y
ersary
sa
ary
y
sar
ar
ary
y
ry

youn
young
yo
yo
o
young
youn
yo
oung
u
ou
young
young
yo
oung
ou
u
youn
ng
n
yo
young
oung
un
ng
young
g
ung
g
ng
ng
g

p.m
p.m
.m
p.m
p.
p.m
p.m
p m
p.m
p.
p.m
p.m
.m
m
p m

barbara
barba
barbara
arbara
barbara
barbara
arba
arb
barbara
b
barb
barb
barbara
barb
arba
rbara
barbar
rb
ar
rba
ara
a
rbara

barbara
barb
barbara
barbara
bar
barbar
barbara
barbara
rbara
barb
bar
barba
arba
arbara
rbar
ba
barba
ba
arb
rb
bara
barbar
ar
rbara
a
rb
bara
ba
a a
ba
ara
ra
a
ra
ra

video
video
video
vid
vid
ide
de
d
video
d
vi
ideo
d
vid
de
de
eo
eo
o

video
video
vid
video
id
vi
ide
video
deo
d
video
video
ideo
vide
deo
deo
vide
video
deo
eo
o

video
vid
video
vi
ide
id
de
d
video
vi
id
id
de
video
video
id
id
de
e
vi
vide
id
id
de
eo
o
eo
de
d o

issue
issu
ss
ssue
sue
iss
issue
ss
s
ssue
is
ss
su
ue
ue
issue
su
ue
e
i
ue
e

best
b st
best
bes
best
best
be
e
be
est
est
t
es
st
t
st
t

ma
max
ma
ma
a
max
max
x
ax
max
ma
ax

max
max
max
ma
ma
ax
max
ma
ma
ax
x
ma
ma
max
ax
x

talk
talk
k
ta
ta
alk
alk
al
lk
k
alk
k
ta
alk
lk
talk
ta
al
alk
al
lk
ta
talk
alk
al
lk
k
alk
lk
k

200
0
2005
200
20
20
20
00
005
20
005
00
00
05
2005
2005
20
00
00
05
05
05
20
00
00
05
5
2005
200
00
00
05
5
2005
05
05
5

2005
2005
2005
2005
20
0
2005
005
00
00
005
200
20
005
00
05
05
5
2005
20
00
05
5
2005
20
00
00
05
2005
00
05
05
5
05
005
05
5

germa
german
germ
german
german
germa
ge
er
erman
r
ger
ger
germ
erm
rm
m
ge
ger
erma
rm
man
ma
an
rman
ma
an
n
man
man
an
n

mater
material
material
materi
mater
mater
materia
mater
ateria
mat
materia
mat
materi
ater
at
ial
materi
material
ma
ate
at
ter
te
eria
ateri
ateria
terial
rial
te
l
ri
ial
rial
al

hopes
hopes
hopes
hopes
hope
ho
ho
hopes
ope
opes
opes
hope
ho
hope
opes
ope
p
hopes
hop
ho
hope
pe
op
op
pes
pe
es
op
p

studi
studio
studi
studio
tu
tudio
studi
st
tudio
studio
tu
udio
stu
ud
ud
udio
tudi
ud
d o
io
o

individual
individual
individua
ndi
di
indivi
ndividua
dividu
dividual
d
ndividual
i
individua
indiv
indiv
nd
dividua
divid
dividual
ndividu
dividua
dividu
iv
vi
vid
d
ividua
d
ividua
ua
d
v du
u l
dual
l
ua
al
al

se
even
seven
seven
se
seve
ev
v
even
ven
en

initia
ini
initial
initial
in
in
nitial
nit
i
initia
in
in
ni
itial
ti
initi
in
ni
it
itia
al
nitial
itia
iti
t al
al

act
actual
c
ac
ctual
t
actual
actual
ac
ctua
tua
ua
actual
ct
tua
ual
ual
al
actua
tu
ual

additio
additional
additi
ad
dditiona
ddition
additional
additio
dditional
dd
dition
d
additional
dditiona
dditi
ddition
additional
itio
dditiona
addition
ddit
diti
dition
i
ditional
itiona
io
onal
o
it
ti
iona
n
ona
on
na
al
al
a

working
working
workin
work
rking
working
working
working
wo
ork
k
work
wo
orking
rking
kin
working
ork
rking
ki
wo
ork
king
ki
kin
n
rking
in
kin
n
ki
in
n
king
g
in
ng
g
ng
g

working
working
work
working
working
workin
working
workin
working
workin
orkin
orkin
k
wo
working
orkin
orkin
rki
rk
k
rkin
ork
rking
ki
rking
or
rk
ki
king
working
king
g
king
g
ng
g

gran
grant
gra
gran
grant
gra
gran
ra
ant
ant
ant
grant
gr
grant
ran
an
nt
gran
ant
t
grant
gran
g
nt
t

g ant
grant
grant
grant
rant
gran
grant
gr
rant
ran
gran
ra
ra
ra
ant
gran
gr
rant
ra
ra
an
ant
gr
ra
an
nt
nt
t
gr
r
gra
an
nt
nt
t
an
g an
nt
t
nt
t

three-yea
three-year
three-year
three-year
hree-ye
three-y
thr
three-year
h
three-yea
ee-ye
three-year
three-year
three-yea
hree-yea
re
ree-year
e
three-year
three-year
hree-yea
re
ee
e
hree-year
ree
ee ye
yea
yea
ee
e-y
e
ye
ear
year

stirton
stirt n
stirton
stirto
t
stirton
ti
tirt
rton
stirto
stirto
t
stirto
ti
irt
rt
t
st
tirto
to
on
rton
to
on
ton
on
n

1993
1993
1993
993
1993
199
9
1993
1993
99
93
93
199
993
99
93
93
3
199
1993
1993
99
993
3
99
93
93
3
93
93
3

given
give
gi
ive
given
given
given
give
ive
iv
given
give
ven
give
giv
iv
ven
e
given
n
gi
iv
iv
ve
ven
n
g en
n

ho
how
ho
ho
how
ow
how
how
ho
ow
w
ow

how
ho
ho
ho
ho
o
how
ow
how
how
ho
ho
ow
w
how
ho
ow
ow
w

responsibility
responsibility
responsibilit
responsibility
responsibility
responsibility
responsibilit
responsibilit
respons
esponsibility
esponsibility
s
re
re
es
es
spo
sponsibil
po
ponsibil
re
res
esponsibilit
esponsibil
spo
po
o
re
re
espon
spo
po
onsib
onsibility
on
nsib
nsi
i il
esponsibili
spons
onsibi
ons
ns
si
sib
b
onsibility
ponsibili
pons
sibi
si
ibility
bility
i
po
ponsibility
nsi
ib
b l t
nsibility
nsibil
sibilit
si
ib
bi
bilit
t
ib
bility
lity
ty
y
bili y
lity
y

he
he
he
he
e
he
e
he
e

he
he
he
e
he
he
e

he
he
he
he
he
he
he
he
e

kno
know
kn
now
no
know
kn
know
no
o
kn
now
w
now
ow
w
know
know
kn
kn
kn
now
n
know
kn
kno
n
know
no
o
know
kn
no
ow
w
now
now
w
ow
w

devel
de
deve
de
deve
dev
de
ev
ev
devel
de
ev
v
deve
ev
ev
ve
ve
el
devel
de
evel
ve
ve
el
ev
ve
ve
el
ve
e

19
199
19
995
995
995
19
1995
99
995
99
95
9
99
9
1995
1995
995
5
1995
199
95
95
95
5
19
995
99
95
995
995
95
95
95
5

h
ry
henry
hen
henr
he
he
he
enry
e
henry
nry
he
enr
e
hen
nry
ry
henry
he
enr
ry
nry
y
en y
nry
ry
y

v
li
li
ive
lives
lives
ives
ves
lives
li
lives
ive
e
liv
iv
lives
es
es
s

credits
credits
credits
cred
credits
cr
credit
cr
red
edits
ed
d
credits
cr
re
ed
dits
dits
re
ed
ed
dit
it
ed
di
its
r di
its

archive
archiv
archiv
archives
rchive
chives
ar
rchiv
rchives
h
rchives
archives
ar
rc
chiv
ch
hiv
hi
hi
i
archive
archive
rc
chiv
ch
hi
hi
i
archives
rc
ch
chiv
h
ch
hi
iv
v
archive
ch
hi
hiv
iv
ve
es
hives
s
es
es
s

after
after
afte
afte
f
af
afte
f
afte
after
ft
fte
af
fter
te
e
fte
fter
fter
afte
e
ter
er

shared
sh
h
shared
h
sh
hared
shared
share
sha
har
ared
are
ed
hared
ared
red
re
re
ed
ed
d
re
red
ed
d

terms
terms
te
te
erm
term
rms
term
te
er
rm
terms
m
erm
erms
ms
ms
ms

sunday
sunday
sunday
sund
unda
sunday
su
sunday
un
nda
n
sunday
d
sund
und
un
nda
nday
nd
d
nd
nday
sunda
unda
un
nday
day
nda
day
y
day
ay
ay
y

so
so
so
o
so
so
o

so
so
o
so
o
s

so
so
so
so
o
so
so
o
s

time-consuming
time-consuming
time-consuming
ime-consuming
time-consuming
tim
time-consu
ime-consuming
time-consuming
m
time-consumin
time-consum
time-consum
me-consumin
me-consuming
me-cons
me-consuming
ime-co
me-consuming
time-consuming
me-consumi
me-consuming
e-consuming
me-consu
me
me
e-co
e consumin
o
me-consumi
e-consum
con
consumin
consuming
on
consuming
onsum
nsum
s
consumin
onsuming
nsu
consum
onsuming
m
su
um
ming
ming
ming
ng

na
azi
i
nazi
na
az
zi
i
naz
na
az
az
az
zi
i
nazi
az
zi
i
range
range
rang
ang
a
range
ra
an
ng
g
nge
ra
an
ng
g
ange
e
ang
ng
ng
ge
nge
e
ng
ge
e
ge

fro
from
from
from
fro
om
fr
rom
from
ro
o
fr
rom
om
m
om

from
from
from
o
from
om
from
fr
from
m
om
m

from
from
fro
fro
from
rom
fr
ro
rom
o
fr
ro
om
fr
from
om
om
m
om
m
om
m

from
from
fro
from
fro
ro
rom
om
om
fr
fr
ro
om
m
om
om
m
om

from
from
fro
from
fro
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op
pe
ed
d
op
op
oped
pe
ed
ed
d
op
op
op
pe
ed
d
pe
ed
ed
ed
d

hour
hour
hou
hours
ho
hou
hours
hou
ho
hours
o
ho
o
hours
ou
ur
ho
ou
ours
ur
r
urs
ou
ur
rs
s
rs

sept
sept
sept
se
sept
se
ep
sep
se
ept
ep
sept
pt
pt
se
sep
ep
p
ep
pt
ep
pt

yo
you
you
ou
o
you
ou
u
you
u
yo
ou
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you
yo
you
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you
yo
you
you
yo
ou
yo
you
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ou
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you
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you
ou
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you
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you
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yo
yo
yo
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you
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you
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ou
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accessi
access
accessi
cces
accessi
acces
ac
ccess
ces
essi
es
accessi
access
acces
cce
accessi
e
cce
ccessi
essi
s
c ssi
si
essi

eve
ev
eve
eve
v
ever
ev
ever
ver
eve
ve
er
r

divided
divided
divided
d
d
divided
divided
ivided
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ided
divi
divided
de
divi
ivided
id
d
ivid
ded
v
divided
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id
de
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germany
germany
germany
germa
ermany
erma
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erm
r
germany
germany
ermany
rmany
rm
man
germany
germany
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ma
erma
man
many
an
ny
n
rmany
ma
any
any
any
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ma
m ny
y
ny
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faces
faces
fa
fac
faces
faces
fa
a
fac
fa
ac
ces
e
ces
faces
aces
ce
es

since
since
in
in
nce
nce
since
si
in
n
si
in
nc
c
nce
in
in
nc
ce
e
since
ce
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anywhere
anywhere
anywhere
anywhe
nywhere
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anyw
anywhe
anywhere
anywhe
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nywher
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anywhe
anywhere
anywh
anywhere
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ny
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wh
anywhe
ny
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wh
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nywhere
he
ere
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he
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numerous
nume
numerous
nu
ume
umerous
num
numero
numerou
um
numerous
umero
mero
merous
erous
ro
o
rous
ou
u
ous
s

co d
conducted
onducted
conducted
conduct
ond
onducte
onducted
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condu
conducted
conducted
onduct
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d
nduct
conducte
ond
ond
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nd
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nduct
duct
nduc
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ucted
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d
ucte
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ond
onduct
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cond
onducte
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nd
du
co
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nd
ducted
d
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duct
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du
conduc
conducted
ond
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ducte
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conducted
nd
ducted
ucted
du te
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uct
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ct
te
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d
ed
d

mea
meant
mea
meant
mean
meant
meant
me
ea
an
meant
me
mean
me
eant
ean
n
an
n
ant
nt
t
nt

local
local
loc
local
loca
local
local
local
oca
local
oca
oca
oca
oca
ocal
loc
oc
local
oc
ocal
c
oca
ca
loca
oc
ocal
cal
cal
c
ocal
ocal
ocal
loca
oca
oc
ca
oca
al
l
loca
loca
ocal
al
cal
loc
oc
oca
oca
al
a
cal
cal
ca
a
cal
ca
al

sidney
sidney
sidne
sidney
sidney
sidney
si
sidney
idney
dne
sidney
d
si
idne
dn
dne
dn
ne
ey
sidn
dn
ney
ey
y
dn
ney
ey
y
ney
y
ey
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sidney
sidn
sidney
sidney
si
id
id
sid
sidney
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d
si
sidne
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idn
dn
n
sidney
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id
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n
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idne
ney
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dne
ne
ey
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ey
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si
id
d
sidney
dney
sid
dney
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sidney
sidn
id
dne
dn
sidney
idney
sidney
sid
dn
n
dney
sidney
sidney
sidney
id
dne
ney
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dne
dney
ney
ne
ey
y
dne
ney
ney
ey
ey

access
access
ac
ccess
access
acces
acc
access
ces
ccess
cces
cc
cess
es
cess
ce
ess
ess
ess
ss
ss
s

supporte
supported
suppor
suppo
supported
suppo
upported
supported
suppor
supported
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supported
su
uppo
upported
pporte
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co
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co
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ol
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ol
o

references
references
references
reference
ef
ref
eferences
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ferenc
ference
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f
references
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ference
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rence
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ferences
fere
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re
ences
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ences
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ces

undertaking
undertaking
undertaking
und
undertaking
undertaking
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nd
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undert
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undertaking
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ki
de
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aki
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k
akin
takin
ak ng
ng
ng
g
king
g

anything
anything
anything
anythin
anything
anything
nything
ny
anything
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ny
any
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anythin
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th
hi
anythin
an
n
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yt
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hing
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ng
ng
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hing
in
ng
hing
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through
through
throug
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through
through
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th ough
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hr
hroug
rou
rough
ough
oug
through
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hr
ro
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hrough
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oug
ug
ug
gh
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ugh
h
ugh
ugh
gh

through
ug
through
through
th
hrough
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th
through
through
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hrough
through
thro
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ough
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oug
through
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oug
gh
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ug
gh
oug
ug
gh
gh
h
g

look
lo
oo
look
loo
lo
ook
lo
oo
ok
ok
k
lo
ook
ok
ok
k
ook
k
ok
ok
k

outreach
outreac
outreach
utre
outreach
utreach
utreac
utr
utreach
outrea
ou
utr
utre
outreac
outr
outr
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utre
treach
reach
utre
ut
tre
r ach
trea
reach
ach
ach
reac
ach
h
ch
ch
h

am
am
m
am
m
am
m

hen
when
whe
wh
when
whe
when
hen
h
when
wh
h
whe
he
e
when
n
en

becomes
becomes
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become
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ome
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omes
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ome
om
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ome
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bec
becom
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om
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ome
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ome
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me
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me
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mes
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well
well
well
well
w l
we
we
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ll
l
we
we
el
ll
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l

well
well
well
well
wel
we
ell
l
well
well
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el
l
well
we
ell
l
el

intensify
intensify
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require
require
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e

privilege
privilege
priv
privilege
vilege
privilege
privilege
privilege
privilege
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vilege
privileg
rivilege
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pr
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ile
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ge

survivor
urvivo
survivo
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u
survivo
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sur
rv
survivor
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v
su
survivor
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rvivor
vi
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vor
vo
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vo
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su
survi
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mid
mid
middl
midd
middle
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midd
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middle
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dd
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years
years
years
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years
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years
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years
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tion
ti
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mahfouz
mahfou
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mahfo
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mahfouz
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e

30,000
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profil
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looking
looking
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looking
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look
ook
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ki
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king
ng
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g
oking
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g
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audiotap
audiotape
audiotapes
audiotapes
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theme
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high
hig
high
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high
high
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h
high
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gh
h
high
hig
ig
gh
h
ig
g
igh
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gh
h
g

gh
high
high
high
hig
high
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hig
gh
gh
h
hig
hig
ig
gh
igh
hig
hi
ig
ig
gh
h
gh
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studen
stud
student
t
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stud
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student
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student
studen
studen
tu
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den
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tudent
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assumes
ass
assum
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umes
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researche
researcher
search
a
researcher
researche
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searche
searcher
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researche
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searcher
search
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earch
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wh
wh
who
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w

provo
provos
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provost
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prov
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pr
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ov
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t
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t

me
me
me
e
me
me
e

me
me
me
e
me
e
me
e

dearborn
dearborn
dearborn
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dearb
de
earb
earborn
earborn
dearborn
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earb
ar
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rborn
rb
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b
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bo
orn
or
r
born
o

dearborn
dearborn
dearborn
dearborn
dearborn
dearborn
de
dearborn
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dearborn
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earb
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bo
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arb
rb
bo
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arb
bo
bo
rb
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bo
born
bo
or
rn
n
or
rn
rn

availabl
ava
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available
available
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mark
mark
mark
marks
marks
marks
marks
mark
marks
marks
marks
marks
marks
marks
mark
ma
ma
mark
ma
a
ma
marks
marks
marks
ma
marks
ma
mark
marks
marks
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marks
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mark
k
mar
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marks
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marks
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warren
warren
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ren
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en
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mode
modern
modern
modern
mo
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mod
d
modern
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mod
der
rn
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ode
de
dern
dern
rn
n

su
survi
survivors
surv
survivors
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survivor
survivors
survivors
urvivors
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vivors
survivors
survivo
urvivors
rvivor
viv
vors
r
urvivo
rv
vivors
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vo
rvivors
v vor
vo
or
r
or

survivors
survivor
survivors
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survivo
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survivor
urvi
urvivor
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urvivo
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survivors
urvivo
vi
urviv
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vo
o
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rs
rs
s
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s

survivors
survi
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surviv
su
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vi
rvivors
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vo
vo
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or
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rs
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fourth
fourth
fourt
fourth
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fourth
fo
fourth
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fourth
fourth
fou
ou
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rth
h
rth

documen
docum
docum
docu
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do
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men
e
cumen
men
me
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men
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2

helped
helped
hel
helped
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help
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help
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e ped
lp
ped

helped
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ped
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scholarship
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holars
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wh
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archive
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my
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memorial
memoria
memoria
memori
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memorial
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ners
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back
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can
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ph
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photo
photo
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m

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exactly
exactly
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cohe
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co
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continue
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unique
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felt
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calls
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all
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calls
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calls
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call
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dr
drafts
draft
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dr
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afts
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rafts
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af
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ib
transcribed
transcribed
transcribed
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transcribed
transcrib
ranscribe
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transc i
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transc
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poland
pola
poland
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polan
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land
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says
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say
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says
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timeline
timeline
tim
timeline
tim
timeline
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timeline
timeli
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melin
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timeline
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peop
people
people
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people
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introduces
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doing
doing
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doin
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mardigan
mardigan
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mardig
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mardig
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longevi
longevity
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longevity
longevity
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longevi
longevity
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on
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nge
n
longevity
longevity
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nge
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ngev
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ngevity
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ngevit
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where
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ng
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length
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length
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eighth-grade
eighth-grade
eighth-grad
eighth-grade
eighth-grade
eighth-grade
eighth-g
eigh
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eighth-grade
eighth g
eig
ighth-gra
ghth-grad
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eighth-gra
ighth-grade
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ghth-grad
gh
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eighth
eighth-g
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s zanne
suz
suzanne
su
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suzanne
suza
su
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suzan
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zan
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nn
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nn
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li tenin
listening
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li
listening
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sten
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listenin
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stening
stening
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liste
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listen
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enin
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nin
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involv
involved
involved
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nvolv
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involv
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involve
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nv
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involved
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posi
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keep
keep
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keep
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keep
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p
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later
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later
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interest
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t
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2
1/2
/2
2
/2
/2
/2
/2
/2
/

volunteer
volunt
volunte
volunteer
voluntee
volunte
vol
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volunteer
volunteer
vo
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voluntee
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lunt
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even
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and
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and
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a d
and
and
and
an
nd
d
nd
an
nd
d
and
and
and
d

a

a

a

a
a

a

a

a

a

a
a

a
a
a

a

a

importan
important
im
import
mporta
important
imp
mportant
mportant
mport
imp
por
mportant
im
im
mportant
mporta
mportan
porta
important
important
mpo
portan
ort
mporta
por
rta
mportant
por
porta
ortant
rta
mportan
an
nt
t
ta
ant
t
ant

important
impo
importan
importa
mportan
importa
impo
mport
mp
mporta
mportant
porta
im
mp
mp
mp
p
impor
im
important
mp
port
o
port
mportant
rt
mp
portant
ort
t
porta
porta
portant
orta
ortant
rt
ta
a
port
portant
ta
an
nt
t
p
tan
nt
an
nt

reception
reception
eception
ece
ception
reception
eception
rece
re
ecept
c
reception
re
ec
ce
cept
eptio
reception
reception
re
ec
ceptio
eption
ep
pt
pt
ception
ti
i
eception
ecep
ec
ce
ception
eption
ep
p
ept
pt
ti
io
o
ceptio
cep
pt
ti
tion
o
ion
n
eptio
pt
pt
ti
io
on
pt
tion
io
on
n

polish
polish
polish
olish
polish
polish
po
po
oli
polish
olish
olis
polish
li
ish
i
olish
h
po
o ish
pol
lis
is
sh
p
sh
sh
h

some
som
so
o
some
some
som
some
ome
e
me
e

so
some
o
some
o
some
som
m
om
m
om
some
me
e
me
e

mardigian
ma digian
mardigia
mardigian
mardigian
mardigian
mardigian
mardigian
ma
ardig
mar
mardigia
mar
mardig
ar
ardigia
mardigia
mardigian
mardig
mardigian
rdigia
di
mard
ardigi
ardigian
rd
dig
gia
rd
dig
igian
g a
dig an
n
ia
a
gian
g
n

mardigi
mardigian
mardigian
mardigian
mardig
ma
mardigian
ma
mardig
mardigia
mardigia
mardig
mardigian
ma
ardigian
ardigian
digian
mardigia
mardig
mard
ard
mardig
mardigia
mardigia
digian
digi
gi
ardigia
dig
gi
i
dig
ig
gia
an
n
an
n
gi n
gi n

mardigia
mard
mard
mardigian
mardigi
mardigian
mardigian
mardigian
mardigia
mardigian
mard
mardigian
ardig
rd
ardi
mardigian
mardigian
ma
ardigia
rdigia
digian
mardigian
ig
gia
ardig
gia
an
dig
gian
n
g a
gi
ia
an

mardigian
mardigian
mardigian
mardigia
mardigian
mardigian
mardigian
mardig
mardig
mardigian
mardi
mardig
mardigian
mar
mardigian
ardigia
rd
mardig
mardigian
mardigian
mardigi
ar
rdigian
rd
rdigia
dig
ardigia
ardig
rdi
igian
gi
ardig
ardigia
digian
g
digia
an
n
g an
n

against
against
against
ag
g
against
ag
aga
again
ga
ga
ainst
agai
agains
ga
ains
ai
ai
ins
in
aga
agains
ga
gainst
in
n
gains
ai
gain
nst
st
nst
t
ga
ains
ainst
t
ga ns
st
t

those
those
th
h
those
th
h
those
th
hos
ho
o
hose
hose
s
those
ho
ose
ose

made
mad
made
made
mad
ma
made
mad
made
ma
ade
de
e
ad
de
e

mad
mad
mad
ma
made
made
mad
d
ma
mad
ma
ad
ad
de
de
made
ma
ade
e
ade
e
de
e
ade
de
e

city
city
city
i
ci
it
city
ty
city
it
ty
ty
y
cit
ty
y
city
cit
it
ty
ity

o
books
o
b
k
ooks
s
bo ks
books
bo
oo s
ooks
k
oks
ooks
oks
ks
s
oks
ok
ks
s
ks
s
w

hicks
hicks
hick
hicks
hicks
hi
hicks
icks
ck
hick
hi
i
hick
k
ck
k
hicks
hi
icks
ic
ck
h ck
ks
s
cks
ck
ks
s
ks
s

will
wil
wi
will
wil
wil
wil
wi
wi
will
will
will
wil
ll
wil
wi
wil
ll
wil
ll

will
will
will
wil
wil
wil
wi
il
will
wi l
will
wi
will
l
wi
ill
il
ll

to
o
to
to
o
to
to
to
o
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
o
to
o
to
o
to
to
to
to
to
t

o
to
to
to
to
o
t

to
o
to
to
to
o
to
to
to
o
to
o
to
to
to
to
to
to
o

o
to
to
o
to
o
to
to
to
to
to
to
t

o
to
to
o
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
t

o
to
o
to
o
to
to
to
o
to
to
to
to
t

o
to
o
to
o
to
to
t

to
o
to
to
o
to
to

o
to
o
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to

o
to
o
to
to
to
to
to
to
to

o
to
to
to
o
to
to
to
t

to
o
to
o
to
to
to
to
o
t

o
to
o
to
o
to
to
to
to
t
o
to
o
to
o
to
to
o
to
to
to
o

o
to
to
to
to
to
t
o
to
o
to
to
to
o
to
to
to
to
o
to
o
to
o
to
to
to
to
o
to
to

o
to
o
to
to
o
to
to
to
to
to
t

o
to
o
to
to
to
to
o
t

o
to
o
to
to
to
to
o
to
to
to

o
to
to
to
o
to
o
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
t

to
to
to
to
to
o
to
to
o
to
to
t

to
o
to
to
to
o
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
t

o
to
to
o
to
o
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
t

inter-library
inter-li
nter-li
inter-libra
nter-libra
inter-library
ter-library
inter-library
nter-lib
nt
t
nter-libr
inter-li
inter-libr
nt
ter-library
te
te
er-library
er-lib
inter
inter-libra
nt
ter-librar
te
er
er-lib
r li
nter-li
nt
ter-librar
ter-library
ter
e li
ter-lib
b
er-libra
-librar
li
li
ib
b
ib
br
ra
brary
li
ib
brary
ary
brary
y
rar
ry
y
ar
ry
y

gives
gi
gi
gives
gives
giv
gives
gi
iv
ve
gives
giv
giv
ve
e
ves
gives
gi
iv
ve
give
es
s
gi
gi es
s
es

floor
floor
fl
fl
loor
floor
flo
fl
lo
oo
fl
floor
or
fl
lo
oo
oo
o
loo
or
oor
r
or
or
o r

toe
toe
toe
to
toe
e
to
toe
e

n
uni
uni
uni
uni
uni
un
n
uni
uni
ni
un
ni
i

wrote
wrote
wrote
wrot
wro
wro
wro
ote
o
wr
rote
ro
ot
t
rot
ot
te

two-three
wo-thre
tw
two-t
two-three
h
two-three
two
wo-three
wo-three
wo-th
o-t
tw
wo-three
o-three
re
two-three
tw
wo
wo-th
o-thre
o-thre
th
t
o-three
th
two-thre
wo
wo
o three
th
two
wo
o-th
o thre
hre
w
th e
three
e
re
ee
e
hre
ee
e

provide
provide
provide
provide
provide
prov
provide
rovid
pro
rovide
provide
ro
o
provid
provide
pr
ro
ov
ovide
rovid
id
ide
provide
ov
vid
de
e
p ovide
id
de
e

acco
accounts
accou
ccounts
ccounts
accounts
ac
acco
cc
counts
ccount
accounts
account
ac
cc
ccounts
ccounts
counts
ccounts
coun
co
ou
u
ount
ou
un
nts
ou
unts
n s

emoti
emot
emotional
emoti
motional
mot
motion
emotional
emotio
emotiona
mot
motional
otio al
emotional
emotional
motiona
mo
o
emotional
tiona
io
moti
otiona
otiona
ona
tion
io
ona
tio
io
on
nal
al

th
them
h
them
h
them
th
th
hem
em
hem
em

them
them
th
hem
hem
hem
th
he
he
hem
e
hem
he
em
m

them
them
them
th
he
hem
th
he
he
them
th
them
he
hem
em

them
the
he
hem
he
them
them
he
them
th
he
e
hem
em
m
em
h m

them
th
h
th
hem
h
them
em
the
them
em
them
th
he
em
m
the
em

them
them
them
th
h
them
th
h
them
hem
hem
th
he
he
e
hem
m
them
th
he
em
m
em
em
m

half-time
half-tim
alf-time
half-time
ha
alf-tim
lf-tim
ha
alf-ti
alf-tim
lf
f
half-time
half-tim
alf-tim
lf-time
lf
f t
ti
ime
i
half-time
half-time
half-tim
half-tim
hal
alf time
tim
half-time
f tim
im
me
m
time
me
me
e
me
me
e

no
no
no
ot
o
not
no
ot
not
ot
t
not
not
t
ot
ot

not
not
not
no
ot
not
no
ot
ot
t

services
services
se
ervic
ervic
services
servic
se
ervice
ervices
se
ser
se
ervic
r
services
rv
vic
i
services
ervices
ervice
ervices
rv
vice
c
ervices
rv
vi
ic
ice
e
rv
vi
ices
ice
es
es
rvices
ces
ce
es
s

every
every
ev
every
very
everyo
every
ve
eve
e
everyon
ver
er
ry
veryo
veryo
ry
ry
yo
o
ery
ry
yo
on
yon
n

southeast
outhe
outheast
outheas
th
southea
outhe
outhe
outheast
outheast
uthea
outh
southeast
sou
so
outhea
uthe
utheast
h
uth
sou
outhea
ut
the
heast
e
thea
heas
ea
ast
as
st
t
as
as
st
t

worl
worl
worl
wo
wor
worl
worl
worl
worl
wor
wor
wo
worl
worl
wo
o
wo
wor
wor
worl
wo
wor
worl
worl
wor
worl
worl
worl
wo
o
wo
o l
wo
wo
wor
wor
orl
l
worl
or
rl
o
wo
or
worl
orl
or
orl
rld

world
worl
wor
wo l
wo
o l
worl
wor
world
orld
d
world
world
orl
ld
d
orld
rld
rld
d
ld

world
world
wor
wo
world
wo
wo
wo
orld
l
world
worl
wo
or
rld
d
worl
or d
or
rld
d

in
in
in
in
in
n

university
universit
university
niversity
university
university
un
niversit
ni
university
uni
university
niversity
ni
iversit
ve
university
nive
iversity
iv
vers
university
niver
ve
iv
versity
er
rsit
rs
sity
t
iversity
ver it
t
ersity
rs
si
it
ty
ity
y

university
university
university
un
unive
niversity
university
university
niv
ve
univers
university
un
niv
ni
iv
ve
iversity
nive
ni
iv
ivers
ve
ersity
r
versit
niversity
niversity
niversity
rsity
s
ve
ersity
ity
ty
ers ty
y
sity

unive
univer
university
niversity
university
nivers
niversi
versity
university
university
university
niversity
niv
ni
niversity
niv
v
universi
universit
ve
ve
versity
ersity
ni
iv
ve
ersit
rs
rs
s
ni
iv
versit
sity
er ity
rs ty
y
it
ty
y

university
university
ersity
university
university
unive
university
uni
university
n
university
ni
university
iv
niv
university
universit
nive
niversity
ve
ersit
e
univer
rs
rs
si
iv
v rs
s t
er
ersity
rs
rs
si y
it
ity
ty
y

univers
univ
university
univers
universi
un
niv
iversity
university
universit
un
niv
niversi
ivers
i
univers
universi
un
nive
versity
unive
univ
unive
ni
iv
ive
er ity
unive
nive
ivers
ver
rs
sit
t
ity
niver
e si
it
t
ity
er
rs
s
ersity
ty
ty
ty
ersi
er
rs
sity
ty
ty
y
rs
sit
ty
ty
y
ity
ty
ty
y

interviews
interviews
interview
nterview
ntervie
interviews
in
interviews
ntervie
nt
t
intervi
interview
in
nterview
terviews
erview
rvie
int
nterviews
nt
tervie
rv
nterview
views
erviews
erviews
view
w
ews
ws

interviews
intervie
interviews
nterview
nterviews
interviews
in
nterview
terview
inte
nte
te
ntervie
e
terview
erv
nterviews
te
ervi
rv
erview
rvie
e
view
ew
ws
ws
s
ws

interview
interviews
interviews
inte
nte
nterviews
nte
in
nterv
nterview
interviews
nterview
t
nterview
interview
in
nte
nte
e
intervie
nterviews
ntervie
te
er
rvi
rvie
erviews
views
iew
terviews
er
erview
rv
vi
i
rv
vie
e
ie
iew
ie
ews
ws
ws
s

interviews
interviews
interview
int
nterview
nterviews
tervi
erview
nte
interviews
interviews
nterviews
tervie
erview
rview
nt
terview
te
erview
rv
rviews
vi
vi
erviews
r
ervie
views
ew
views
ew
w
iews
s

interviews
vie
interv
interview
inter
tervie
ntervie
nterviews
ter i
terv
interview
interviews
ntervi
tervi
tervie
ervie
e
ntervi
nt
terviews
erview
terview
erview
rv
v
rvie
v ews
w
t
ews
s
vi

interviews
interview
nte
ntervie
interviews
n
interviews
terviews
terview
nterv
nterview
nter
nterviews
terview
terviews
er
rvi
in
nterv
nt
te
nterviews
e
nterviews
nterview
terviews
te
e v
nterviews
ervie
ew
ews
ews
ws
ie
ews
ws

intervie
interviews
interview
nt
nte
interviews
in
n
interviews
terview
terviews
erview
interv
nte
t
inte
ervie
nterviews
nt
terview
ervi
nterviews
rview
nterv
er
erview
i
rviews
views
iew
vie
ews
w
ews
w
e s

interv
intervie
interv
nte
nt
nt
nt
nterview
t
intervie
interviews
nterview
nt
nt
terv
rv
interviews
nte
nt
terview
er
er
r
nt
nterview
te
er
rviews
rv
view
views
ie
tervie
ervie
er
rv
vi
vi
ie
e
view
erview
er
rview
rv
vi
vi
ie
ew
ew
w
erview
views
rv
view
ws
s
i ws
s
ws

interviews
interviews
inter
nte
intervi
in
nterviews
nt
t
nte
interviews
ntervi
nterview
nt
t
nterview
in
in
nt
te
er
er
r
ntervi
nterview
nterview
te
erview
er
erview
rv
vi
i
nterviews
nterviews
terviews
erviews
er
erview
rvi
vi
ie
ew
ie
rviews
view
vi
vi
ie
ew
w
view
ew
ew
ws
s
ws

which
wh
wh
which
which
which
whi
wh
hich
which
whi
i
whic
which
hi
ic
ic
ich
h
hi
ic
ch
h
ch
ch
h
ch

which
whic
which
wh
which
which
whic
h
wh
hich
which
which
hic
ich
ch
h
hi
ic
ic
ch
ch
ch
h

forget

katan
katan
ka
ka
atan
katan
ata
katan
kata
katan
ka
at
at
ta
ta
ta
atan
kata
at
tan
ta
a
tan
katan
at
at
ta
an
n
at
tan
an
n
an
n

july
ju
july
uly
july
ju
uly
uly
jul
ly
ly
uly
ju
uly
ly
y
ju
ju
ju
ul
ly
ly
y
ly
ly
y
ly
ly
y

foundation
foundatio
foundation
oundation
oundation
undatio
foundat
fo
foundation
ounda
foundation
undation
oundation
undation
undation
ndat
nd
d
foundatio
ndatio
ndatio
ndatio
i
ation
io
on
at on
tio
on

foundation
foundat
fou
foundati
ound
fo
foundati
fou
oundati
foundation
undati
u
fo
fo
oundation
foundation
undation
ndati
foundation
foundat
oundation
un
ndati
ndation
da
un
ndatio
dation
datio
und
un
nd
dation
dat
at
tion
da
at
ti
ti
io
ti
ion
on

foundation
foundation
foundation
founda
datio
foundatio
fo
fo
oundation
undatio
ound
foundation
found
foundatio
fou
oundati
ou
un
und
nd
datio
foundation
ou
undat
ndat
d
ndatio
da
n
found
u da
at
ti
nd
nd
dation
da
at
ti
ation
dati
at
tion
o
at
tio
on
n
tion
io
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300
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celebr
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1994
1
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19
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1994
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1994
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1994
1994
1994
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1994
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1994
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learning
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he
e

the
the
th
th
he
e
h
th
h
th
he
e
he
e

the
th
he
th
the
the
he
he

th
the
he
the
th
the
the
he
e

th
the
the
th
h
th
th
th
h
the
e
the
he
he
e

t

the
the
th
he
he
th
he
h
the
th
he
e
he

the
the
th
th
he
he
the
th
the
h
th
he
e

th
th
the
h
th
the
the
h
th
he
the
th
he
the
he

the
th
he
the
the
he
e
th
he
he
he
e

the
th
he
he
h
th
he
th
he
e
he
he
e

the
th
the
the
the
h
th
h
the
he
e
he
he
e

the
the
the
he
th
the
he
he
e
th
he
e

the
the
th
h
th
he
e
the
th
he
he
e
t e

the
he
th
th
h
the
he
the
he
the
th
he
e
he

the
th
he
he
th
he
the
he
e
he
e

the
th
the
he
h
the
th
he
e
he
t e

the
h
the
he
th
th
he
e
the
he
e

the
th
the
he
he
th
the
he
e
th
th
he
he

the
th
he
he
th
he
e
th
he
e
he

the
th
the
the
he
the
he
e
he

the
he
the
th
the
h
the
the
h
th
he
e
the
he
he
e

the
the
the
th
th
h
the
the
the
the
th
he
he
he
he
he
he
he
he
e
th
he
e
he

the
th
h
the
th
he
th
he
e
he
e

the
th
h
the
he
th
he
e
he
e
he

th
th
the
he
the
th
he
h
th
th
he
he
e
the
th
he
he
the

the
the
th
th
h
the
e
th
he
h
th
he
he
th
he
e

th
th
th
h
the
the
he
e
the
he
e
the
t

th
th
the
h
the
th
he
the
he
he
he
e

the
the
th
h
th
the
he
he
he
he
he
e
the
he
he
he
e

the
h
th
the
h
th
th
the
he
e
he
he
e

the
the
the
th
th
h
the
the
h
th
he
e
he

the
th
th
h
the
th
th
h
th
th
he
e
the
e
the
th
th
he
e
th
he
e
th
he
e

the
th
h
th
he
h
th
the
th
he
e
th
he
e
the
he
e
the
e

th
the
th
h
th
h
th
h
the
th
he
he
e
th
he
he
e
he
e
he
e

th
the
th
the
th
th
the
he
he
e
the
e
the
e
the
he
e
he
e

the
th
th
h
th
th
he
th
th
he
e
th
th
he
the
he
e
the
he
e

the
th
th
h
the
th
th
h
the
th
th
he
e
th
th
he
e
th
he
he
e

th
th
h
the
the
th
th
h
th
th
he
e
th
th
he
e
the
he
e
h

the
th
th
h
the
th
h
the
th
th
he
he
e
th
he
he
he

19 2
1992
199
9
1992
199
199
199
99
92
19
992
92
1992
19
992
99
92
92
2
992
1992
19
992
99
99
92
92
2
92
2
1992
99
99
92
92
992
992
92
2

for
for
fo
for
or
for
for
fo
fo
for
or
or

for
for
fo
fo
fo
fo
o
for
fo
fo
or
or
r
or
r
for
r

for
for
for
fo
fo
or
or
fo
fo
or
r

for
fo
fo
fo
fo
or
fo
fo
or
r
fo
or
r

for
fo
fo
or
for
o
fo
or
or
r
fo
fo
or
or
r
or

for
for
for
for
fo
fo
o
fo
fo
o
for
r
or
r

for
for
for
fo
fo
fo
o
fo
fo
or
r
for
fo
or
f

for
for
fo
fo
or
fo
or
r
or
for
fo
or
for
r

fo
for
fo
fo
fo
o
fo
fo
fo
or
r
for
fo
fo
fo
or
r
or
for
for

for
for
for
for
fo
fo
o
fo
fo
or
r
fo
fo
or
r
for
or
r
or

michigan
michigan
michig
michigan
michigan
michigan
michig
michigan
michigan
michigan
ichig
ichiga
ch
michiga
ic
ich
chig
michigan
chigan
higa
mi
mic
chigan
hi
ic
chigan
ch
chigan
hi
iga
ga
ch
higan
ig
gan
n
an
gan

dozen
doz
doze
dozen
dozen
z
dozen
doze
oz
zen
z
do
doze
oz
ze
e
ozen
z n
en
n

ple
ple
ple
pl
le
le
pl
ple
e
pl
le
le
e
le
ple
e
pl
le
e
p

iences
sciences
sciences
sciences
ciences
cie
sciences
sciences
sc
cienc
ciences
scienc
science
scien
ciences
e
cience
cien
en
nce
nc
ces
e
nces
ces

yale
yale
ya
ale
yale
ya
yale
yale
ale
le
ya
yale
ya
al
ya
al
le
e
yale
ya
al
ale
e
ya
ale
le
y

yale
yale
ya
al
yale
yal
yale
yale
ya
ya
al
yal
l
yale
yale
ya
ale
ya
ya
al
ale
e
ya
al
le
e
al
l
y
e

feel
fe
feel
fe
fee
feel
feel
fe
fe
eel
l
fe
fe
ee
el
l
feel
l

19
1982
19
1982
9
1982
19
982
98
98
98
8
982
8
19
98
8
982
82
2
982
2
982
1982
19
198
98
82
82
82
2
98
82
82
2
98
82
2

all
small
small
smal
mal
sm
sma
sma
sm
mall
mall
sm
sm l
smal
ma
ma
a l
mall
al

moved
mo
mo
mov
moved
mov d
move
mov
mo
o
moved
o
moved
mo
ov d
moved
oved
d
ed
ed
ed
d

ail
avai
avail
av
av
avail
avail
avai
av
av
va
vai
va
avail
av
av
va
ai
il
av
ava
va
va
ai
il
av
v
ava
va
ail
va
ai
il
l
ai
il

home
home
hom
hom
hom
ho
hom
home
hom
me
home
me
me
om
me
me
e

ne
ne
ne
ne
ne
ne
ne
ne
ne
ne
ne
ne
ne
ne
ne
ne
ne
ne
ne
ne
ne
ne
ne
ne
ne
ne
ne
ne
ne
ne
e
ne
ne
ne
ne
ne
e
ne
ne
ne
ne
ne
e
ne
ne
e
ne
ne
ne
ne
e
ne
ne
ne
ne
ne
ne
ne
e
ne
ne
ne
e
ne
neve
ve
ve
ve
ve
ve
ve
ve
ve
ve
ve
ve
ve
ve
ve
ve
ve
ve
ve
e
ve
ve
ve
ve
ve
ve
ve
ve
ve
ve
ve
ve
ve
ve
ve
ve
ve
ve
ve
ve
ve
ve
e
ve
ve
ve
e
ve
ve
ve
ve
ve
e
ve
e
ve
ve
e
ve
ve
ve
ve
ve
ve
ve
e
ve
ve
ve
ve
e
ve
ver

nev
ne
ne
e
never
never
neve
ev
ev
ve
e
ne
ev
ve
ve
er
ver
er
r

ev
never
nev
ne
e
neve
never
ne
ev
v
never
never
eve
ver
er

harding
harding
har
harding
harding
hardin
hardi
hardin
arding
a
hardin
harding
ha
harding
ardin
rd
rd
harding
hard
harding
harding
arding
ar
rd
rd
di
ing
ar ing
rdi
ing
ding
g
ng
g

dents
den
dent
dents
de
de
ents
dents
dent
ent
t
ent
nts
s
ts
s
en

salvator
salvatore
salvato
salvatore
sa
sa
al
lvat
l
salvatore
salvatore
salvator
alvat
lvato
va
vator
vatore
salvatore
salvat
salvat
salvato
alva
lv
lv
vato
va
atore
t
alvato
alvato
vat
tore
t
e
alvatore
alvatore
vat
t
alvatore
atore
e
to
ore
e
re
e
re

accents
ac
ac
cc
accents
ac
cc
accent
accents
cce
cc
cent
ents
ents
n
ce
ents
ent
t
ent
n s
nt
ts
s

um-d
um-d
um
um-d
um-d
um-d
m
um-d
um-d
um-d
m
um
m d
um d
d
um-
m d
m d
um-d
um
m d
um-d
m d
m-d
-d
d

um-d
um
m d
m
um-d
um
m
um-d
um d
m
um
um d
d
m-d
m d
m-d
d
m d

um-d
um d
um
m d
m d
m
um-d
um
m-
m-d
d
um-d
um
m d
m d
um-d
m-d
d
-d
d

li
lit
little
ittle
little
li
little
ttle
ittle
tl
li
it
tt
tt
tle
tl
le
li
it
tt
tl
l
lit
li
it
ttle
t
ttle
tt
tl
le
e
little
tle
le
e

little
little
ittle
lit
ttl
li
ittle
tt
little
tle
l
little
lit
tt
little
e
it
ittle
le
e
tle
e

auschwitz
auschwit
auschwi
auschwi
au
auschwitz
uschw
ausch
sch
uschwit
sch
auschwi
uschwit
uschwitz
u ch
auschwitz
ausch
uschwit
usc
ch
h
ausc
usc
sch
auschw
schw
chwitz
ch
hw
wi
chwitz
ch
hw
wit
tz
hwit
itz
tz
z
hw
wi
it
tz
itz
z
hw
wit
tz
z

curator
curator
curator
curator
u
curato
curato
cu
urator
urat
ra
at
t
urat
ra
ra
at
to
to
o
at
to
to
or
r
to
or
or
r

ator
curator
curator
curator
cu
cura
curato
urato
urator
rato
curato
curato
ur
urato
rat
ato
t
cu
urato
urator
ra
ato
at
to
to
or
o
ra
at
to
or
rator
ator
to
or
or

curator
curator
curato
cu
cur
u
curator
ura
u
cur
cu
urato
ur
cura
r
cu
urat
ra
ato
tor
curator
ur
rato
ra
at
to
tor
o
cur
urator
at
t
ato
to
or
r
rato
or
r
ato
to
or

beg
begin
begin
beg
be
begi
begin
beg
be
be
egi
gin
eg
eg
gin
beg
begi
egin
n
egin
egin
n
gin
gi
in
gi
g

alfred
al
lfre
lf
alfred
alfred
alfre
fred
f
alfred
al
lf
lf
alfred
fred
ed
alfr
alfre
al
lfr
lf
fr
lfr
red
ed
d
alfred
al
lf
fr
re
ed
d
a re
ed
ed

intervie
interview
nterview
interview
interview
nterview
te
in
ntervi
ntervie
terview
terview
erview
erview
rvie
inte
nte
nterview
nt
terview
ervie
vie
ntervie
terview
te
erv
view
vi
i
terview
erview
v e
ie
e

interv
inter
nterview
int
nterv
intervie
nter
nt
nt
terv
interview
interview
nt
nt
nt
tervi
in
ntervi
nterview
nt
te
er
r
erview
i
nterview
nte
nte
terview
te
erview
rv
vi
i
nterview
erv
vi
ie
ew
terview
vi
view
w
vi
view
w
vi w
ew
w

oxford
oxfor
xfo
oxford
oxford
oxfo
xf
oxfo
ford
xford
xford
oxfor
xford
xford
xf
f
oxford
ox
xf
fo
or
oxfor
xf
fo
ord
rd
rd
xf
ford
rd
d
ox or
rd
d

non
non je
non-jewish
on-jewis
non-jewish
non-jewish
non-jew
non-jewish
no
on-j
on-jewi
o
non-jewish
n-jewish
non-je
on-jewis
on-jew
on
n
non-jew
j
n-jewish
h
no
non-jew
on
on
n-jewish
-j
jewis
ewish
n-jew
n-jew
jewish
ewi
i h
jewis
ewis
sh
j wish
wi
is
sh

conference
conf
conferenc
onferen
confe
conference
confer
o f
nference
conferenc
conferenc
onferenc
on
nf
ference
confe
onfer
nferenc
nference
fe
ere
re
confe
nf
nference
feren
fe
er
renc
nce
c
erenc
renc
ence
e
ce
e

vita
vital
vit
vital
vita
vit
it
ita
t
ita
tal
vi
vital
ita
t l
vita
ta
tal
ital
l
al
al

tary
ta
ary
tary
a
tary
ta
ta
ar
ar
ry
ta
ar
ry
ry
y
tary
a
ta
ta
ta
a y
ta
ary
y
ar
ry

community
communit
community
community
community
ommunit
community
co
commun
omm
ommunity
ommunity
co
commu
ommu
ommun
mmunity
community
co
omm
mm
m
om
mm
munity
munity
mu
mmunit
mmunity
mun
u
mmu
mu
un
n
un
ni
munit
un
nity
ni
it
it
ty
y

commu
community
community
community
ommuni
commu
community
community
commun
co
o
community
ommun
mmunity
mmuni
communit
m
community
mmunit
munit
commu
community
commun
ommunit
mmu
munity
m
commun
ommun
m
unity
u
mm
mun
unity
un
n
mu
un
ni
it
nit
it
ty
y
nity
it

community
ommu
community
community
ommunity
com
community
om
community
mmunity
community
omm
mmunit
communit
community
com
om
mmunity
ommunity
ommunity
commun
munity
mu
munit
ommunity
mmunit
mun
munit
un
nit
t
mu
unity
munity
munit
unity
nity
ni
it
it
ty
y
unity
un
ni
nity
n y
ity

mmun
com
community
community
ommunity
omm
community
co
ommunity
munity
community
com
co
ommu
om
om
mm
mmunity
mmunity
mun
commun
omm
mmunit
mmunit
mmun
mu
ommunity
comm
co
ommun
omm
ommun
mmuni
m
ommunity
munit
om
mmunity
mmun
mmuni
mun
mu
mmuni
unity
i
mmunit
mmun
munity
mun t
munit
ty
munity
munit
u it
ty
ni
ity
ty

full-tim
full-time
full t
full-time
ull ti
ful
full-ti
fu
full-tim
ul
ll-time
ll-time
l-tim
full-tim
fu
ul
ll-time
ll
l ti
l-time
t
fu
ull-tim
l tim
ll-tim
l- m
l-time
ti
im
me
me
me
e

full-time
full-t
full-time
full-time
ull-tim
ull-time
full-time
fu
full ti
ul
ll
l
full
ul
ll
ll t
l-tim
fu
ull-time
-time
tim
ti
l ti
ull-time
ull ti
ul
ll-time
ull-tim
ti
i
ll ti
im
im
m
ti
im
me
e
me
e
me
e

dedicated
dedicat
ded
edica
edicated
edicated
dedicated
dedicated
dedicat
edic
d
dedicat
de
ed
dedica
di
icat
icate
dedicated
edi
dicated
dica
di
icate
cate
dicated
icated
ic
ca
at
t d
cated
ted
ed

ticularly
ticularly
ticularly
ti
icularly
ticularly
ticularly
ticul
ticular
tic
icularly
cularly
tic
icularly
cu
u
cular
tic
cul
la
arly
tic
cu
ula
la
ula
cu
ul
la
ar
rly
rl
ly
y
la
arly
rl
ly
y
rly
rly
y
rly
y

equipment
equipmen
equipm
equipment
equipment
equipme
equipm
quipm
quipmen
equipment
equipme
quip
quipment
uipm
equi
quip
quipmen
qu
u
equipment
quipment
uip
ipment
equipmen
qu
uipme
ip
pm
pm
p
equipme
quipm
u pmen
quipment
quipmen
uipme
uip
pm
qui
ip
pm
m
t
q
pme
me
en
nt
pm
men
nt
t
men
ent
nt
t

about
about
ab
b
abou
bo
abou
abou
abo
ab
bo
bout
o t
bout
bo
ou
ut
ut
t

dr
dr
r
dr
dr
r
dr
r
dr
r

dr
dr
dr
dr
dr
dr
dr
dr
r
dr
dr
dr
dr
r

dr
dr
dr
dr
dr
dr
dr
r
dr
dr
r
dr
r
dr

dr
dr
dr
dr
dr
dr
dr
r
dr
dr
r
dr
r

voice/vision
voice/visio
voice/vis
oice/vision
oice/visio
oice/vision
ice
oice/visio
voice/vision
voice/visio
oice/vi
oice
ce/v
oice
voice/vision
oice/visi
oic
ic
ce
ce/v
e/visio
oice/vis
ce/vision
e/vision
e/vis
voice/v
/vi
ice/vis
ce/visi
/vision
e/visio
/v
visi
sio
isio
sio
sion
on
on
n

voice/vision
voice/vi
voice/visio
voice/visio
oi
voi
voice/visi
oice/visio
oice/
voice/visio
oi
i
voic
voice/
oice/vision
oice/vis
oice/
ice/visi
ce/visio
oice/
oice/vision
ic
ce/visio
e/v
ce/
oice/visio
/
ce/visi
e
i
ce/
e/vis
si
isi
s on
sio
on
n
io
on
n

voice
voice/vision
voice/vision
voi
voice/v
voice/visi
oice/visio
voice/visi
voice/vision
voice/vision
oice/vision
oice/visio
oice
ice/visio
vo
oice/vision
oice/v
i
voic
ce/visio
oice/
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ic
ce
e/
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i
e/visio
i
e/visi
i
visi
io
sion
sion
on

voice/vision
voic
voice/vision
e/vision
voice/visio
voice/visio
oic
oice/visi
voice
ice/vision
v
voice/visio
voice/visi
oi
oic
ic
voice/vision
ice/vision
vo
oice/vi
oice/v
ce/
ce/vision
ice/visio
ce/vis
ice/
ce/vision
ice/visio
e/v
e/v
e/visi
e vis
s
vision
si
i
is
sio
o
si n
on
on

voice/vision
voice/v
vo
oice/vi
oice/vi
oice/vision
ice/vision
i
voice/vision
vo
oice/visio
oice/vision
ic
ice/visio
voice/
voice/vision
oice/visio
ice/vis
ce/vision
e/vision
e/
oice/vision
oice/visio
ic
ce/visio
e/visi
/visio
e/v
e/vis
ce
e
si
e/vi
is
si
isio
io
o
is
sio

voice/vision
e/vi
voice/vision
voice/visi
voice/visio
voice/vision
voice/vision
voice/vision
voice/vision
voice/vi
vo
oice/vision
oi
i
voice/v
vo
vo
oice/
i
oic
c
voice/vision
vo
voice/vi
oice/vis
ice/vision
ce/vis
ce/vi
e/
/visio
oice/vision
oi
ice/vis
e/vision
e/vi
e/visi
isi
ce/visio
ce/vision
e/
e/
/
e/vision
vis
sio
visio
sio
i
si
io
on
n
on

voice/v
voice
voice/visi
vo
oice/vis
oice/
oi
i
voice/vis
vo
oice/visi
oice/visi
oi
ice/v
ce/visi
ice/vis
ce/
e/visi
voice/v
vo
oice/
oi
ic
ic
c /
voice/visi
vo
oice
oice/
ce
ce
e/v
e/
e/vi
oi
ic
ce/vi
ce
e/v
/v
vis
vi
vi
ce
e/v
visi
si
/v
vi
is
si

voice/vision
voice/visio
voice/vision
voice/vision
voice/
vo
voice
oi
/
voice/visio
voice/vision
vo
oic
oice/vis
ce/vision
voice/visio
voice/vision
voice/vision
oice/vis
ce
ce
e/visi
/vi
voice/vision
vo
oic
oice/visi
ic
ce/vision
ce
e/
/
ice/v
voice/vision
ce/vision
e/visio
e/
/v
vis
isi
ce
e/
/v
vis
sion
si
e/
/v
vi
is
is
sion
io
/visio
is
sio
o
/visio
sion
io
on
n
on
n

voice/vision
voice/vision
voice/visio
voice/vision
oice/visi
oice/visio
voice/vision
voice/vision
vo
vo
oice/vision
oice/vision
oi
ice/vision
voice/visio
ice/visio
voice/vision
voice/visi
vo
oice/visio
oice/visio
oi
oice/visio
ce/
voice/vision
voice/visio
voic
oice/vision
oi
ice/visio
ic
ce/vis
ce/vision
e/v
e/
e/
/vis
/vis
/
oi
ic
ce/vision
e/visio
e/
e/
/
e/vis
i
voice/vision
voice/visio
ce
e/v
vi
i
e/vision
e/
e/
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isi
si
si
/vis
si
io
o
visi
si
si
io
on
n
is
n
on
n

taff
staff
sta
staff
st
t
st
t
staff
st
taff
aff
f
staff
staff
st
taff
af
ff
ff
f
staf
af
aff
taf
ff
ff

st
st
st f
st
t f
st
st f

st f
st
staff
staf
t f
staf
ta
ta
aff
af
ff
ff
f
staff
st
ta
ta
aff
ff
f
staff
st
ta
ta
aff
f
af
ff
f
aff
ff
f
ff

met
met
met
me
et
et
me
met
et
et
et

um-dearborn
um-dearborn
um-dearbo
m-dearbor
m-dearborn
m-de
um-dearbo
um-dearborn
um-dearborn
um-dearbo
m-dearbor
um-dearb
um-dearborn
um-dearb
m-dearborn
m-dearb
m-dea b
-dearborn
dearborn
earborn
u
dea b
earborn
dea
de
dearborn
b
ea
arb
ar
arborn
b
ar
rbo
o
bor
orn
rn
n

um-dearborn
um-dearborn
um-dearborn
um
um-dearbo
um-dearborn
m
um-dearb
um-dearborn
um
m-dearbo
m-dear
m-dearborn
-dear
um
m-dearborn
m-dearborn
m-dearbor
m-dearborn
dearborn
m-de
m-dearborn
d
m-dearbo
-dearbo
dearbor
dea
e
dearb
ar
rb
b
dearbo
arbo
arborn
ar
rb
bo
rbo
bo
bo
or
rn
n
or
rn

um-dearbo
um-dearb
um-dearborn
um-dearbo
um
um-dearbor
um-dea
m-dearborn
um-de
um-dea
um-de
m-d
m de
d
um-dearb
m-de
m-dearbor
m-d
dearb
d
um-dearbo
um-dearborn
um-dearborn
m-dearb
m dea
ea
arbor
rbor
m-dearborn
m-dearb
dea
a b
m dearborn
d arbo
rb
rb
bo
earborn
earborn
arb
bor
ar
rb
bo
or
r
born
n
orn
rn
n

um
um-dearborn
um-dearb
m-dearborn
um-dearbor
um-dearborn
m-de
um-dearb
um-dearborn
um-dearborn
um
m-dear
m-dear
d
um-dearborn
um-dearborn
um-dearbo
um
m-dearbo
m-de
m-dearb
m-dearbo
d
um-dearbo
m-de
m dearb
dearborn
m-dearb
m-dearborn
m-dearborn
de
ea
dearb
earbor
ear
rb
rb
b
earb
arb
rbo
bo
b
ar
rb
bor
o
born
rn
rn

rough
rough
roug
ugh
rough
roug
oug
ou
roug
ou
ough
u
rough
gh
roug
ough
ou
oug
ugh
ough
ou
ug
g
ugh
h
ug
gh
ug
gh
h
gh

ev
even
event
event
ev
vent
v
ev
event
vent
ent
ent
ev
ven
ve
ent
t
en
nt
nt
t

by
by
by
by
by
by
by
by
by
y
by
by
by
y
b

by
by
by
y
by
y
by
by
by
by
by
by
by
by
by
b

by
by
by
y
by
by
by
by
by
by
by
by
by
b
by
by
by
by
by
by
by
by
by
by
by
by
by
b

by
by
by
by
by
by
by
by
by
by
by
y
b

by
by
by
by
by
by
by
by
by
by
by
b

by
by
by
by
by
by
by
by
by
by
by
b

by
by
by
by
by
by
by
y
b

by
by
y
by
by
by
by
by
by
by
by
b

ora
or
ora
or
ra
ra
a
oral
l
oral
ra
ra
al
ra
al
l
al
l

ora
oral
oral
ora
ora
oral
ora
ra
ral
al
oral
ora
al
al

oral
ora
ora
oral
or
ora
ra
ra
al
ora
al
l
or
oral
al

oral
or
r
ora
oral
oral
or
ra
ra
al
l
ora
al
l
al

oral
a
oral
oral
or
oral
ral
l
or
ral
ora
al
l
ral

ora
or
ora
ral
oral
r
oral
al
l
ora
al
l
oral
oral
or
ra
al
l
ra
al
a

west
west
we
west
we
west
est
e
wes
we
es
st
st
st
west
t
st
t

west
west
we
we
e
west
west
we
we
es
es
es
st
st
t
west
west
west
we
es
st
st
est
wes
es
es
st
st
es
st
t
st

jewish
jewish
jewish
ewish
ewis
ewish
ewis
wish
jewish
ew
jewish
w
ewis
je
ew
wish
wish
is
je
jewi
is
sh
h
ew
wis
wi
ish
h
wish
wish
sh
h

wish
jewish
jewish
jewish
jewish
je
ew
jewish
ewis
w
jewish
i
jewish
ew
wi h
jew
jewish
wis
wish
sh
jewish
ew
w sh
is
sh
sh
sh
sh

jewish
jewish
jewish
jew
jewis
jewish
ew
ewis
je
je
ew
wis
wish
i
jewish
je
je
jewish
wish
wish
jewish
wish
wi
is
sh
wi
is
sh
h

jewis
jewis
jewish
jewis
ewish
jewish
ewish
ewis
jewish
ew
ew
wis
w s
jewis
jewish
ew
ew
wish
wish
w
ew
wi
is
s
je
ewi
ew
wi
is
sh
h
jewis
ewish
ew
wi
is
sh
h
wis
wis
sh
h
ish
sh
h
s

vivors
vivors
ivors
vivors
vivo
iv
v
vivo
vo
o
iv
vors
vo s
vivors
iv
vo
vors
or
r
or
rs
s
rs
s

hile
il
l
hile
hil
hile
l
hile
hi
il
le
le
e
hil
le
e

here
e
here
he
er
he
ere
ere
he
here
her
here
ere
e

have
hav
have
have
ha
ave
a
hav
ha
ha
av
ave
have
hav
ave
av
v
have
e

hav
hav
av
hav
hav
ha
have
have
ve
v
have
ha
av
ve
e
ave
ve
ve
e

have
hav
ha
hav
hav
hav
av
av
ha
av
av
v
have
hav
ve
ve

have
ha
have
have
ha
av
hav
ve
hav
ha
av
ave
ve
e
have
a
have
ve
e
ve
e

historian
histo
historian
histo
hi
historia
i
oria
historia
hi
isto
st
to
historian
historian
historia
histo
histo
st
historian
is
stori
st
to
o i
orian
ria
a
or an
ia
an

ble
bl
bl
l
bl
le
l
ble
le
e
ble
ble
e
ble
e

1
21
1
21
1
21
21
21
2

pe
pe
e
pe
pe
pe
er
r
per
pe
per
er
r
per
per
per
pe
e
per
per
er
p

contacted
contacted
contacte
contacted
contacte
conta
ontacted
tacted
co
ontacted
ontacted
nt
ontact
tacte
ontacted
on
nta
ntacte
nt
ta
ntact
ted
ntact
tacte
ac
ct
t
ac
cted
d
ct
ted

ove
ov
ov
ver
ov
ov
ve
ve
e
over
ov
ve
over
er
over
ve
er
er
ver
ve
er

materials
materials
materials
mater
mate
materials
materi
ma
ateri
aterial
mat
aterial
materials
ate
terials
ria
ial
aterials
terials
eri
i l
l
ials
al
ls
s
a s

internet
inte
int
inte
nterne
int
int
nternet
terne
tern
internet
in
ntern
ntern
terne
erne
rn
te
te
er
r
ernet
net
terne
er
rnet
t
rnet
ernet
et

internet
internet
internet
internet
in
internet
nterne
nterne
t
internet
in
nternet
t
in
inter
nternet
nte
te
er
nterne
tern
te
e n
erne
n erne
et
t
rne
et
et

internet
internet
in
inte
ternet
ternet
interne
nternet
nt
te
er
in
inte
nt
tern
ern
nt
terne
ternet
ernet
rn
n
rnet
erne
et
ne
et
et
et
t
ne

declines
declines
decl
declines
declines
decline
ecline
de l
de
eclines
c
declines
declines
de
eclines
eclin
c in
e
ne
ne
ne
clin
cl
li
ines
es
es
s

celebration
celebratio
cele
elebrat
leb
ce
elebratio
el
lebrat
eb
elebra
ebration
celebration
celebratio
el
lebration
eb
brati
brat
c lebrati
e rati
lebration
ebration
ebratio
bratio
ratio
rati
bratio
atio
at
tio
o
ti
tion
on
on
n

colleagu
colleag
colleagu
colle
colleagu
co
co
olleagu
ol
olleagu
leagu
co
olleag
llea
lle
le g
colleag
oll
lleagu
colleag
ol
lleagu
lleagu
eag
gu
lleag
gu
u
eagu
ag
ag
gu
gu
gu
gu
u
g

than
th
h
than
han
tha
th
han
ha
a
th
tha
han
an
n
an
n

th
th
than
han
h
than
th
tha
han
an
n
han
an
n
ha
an

daniel
daniel
da
daniel
daniel
dan
daniel
da
da
an
n
dani
daniel
dan
nie
el
an
n el
ie
ie
el

researches
researches
researche
researches
researches
esearche
esearche
esearch
re
researches
es
sea
se
earch
e
researche
esearche
search
se
search
a
se
ea
arc
ar
r h
arch
ar
rc
che
rches
che
he
es
es

her
her
he
her
her
her
e
her
r
he
her
e
her
he
he
er

he
he
er
he
he
e
her
her
he
er
he
er

he
her
her
he
e
her
er
r
er
r
he

hous d
housed
hous
housed
ous
housed
house
ho
ous
oused
ho
ho
oused
u
ouse
ous
us
sed
d
used
ed

resear
research
re
esea
esear
search
researc
a
research
re
esea
res
esearch
search
a
research
research
re
esear
es
esearch
searc
ea
esearch
ear h
ar
rch
h
ch
ch

before
bef
before
bef
befo
before
be
ef
fo
fo
efore
before
be
efo
fo
o
befo
efo
ef
for
for
fo
or
ore
re

libraria
ibrari
li
ib
librar
brarian
librarian
librarian
librari
li
ib
ibraria
bra
brarian
ra
ib
ib
brarian
br
br
r
brarian
aria
librarian
ib
brari
brari
ian
braria
ra
ar
rian
r an
ar
rian
n

librari
a
librarian
librarian
ibraria
braria
b arian
librarian
librar
ib
braria
b
ibrarian
libr
br
ra
libraria
rian
librarian
ibr
bra
ra i
rarian
n
ibraria
aria
an
ria
an
a

really
really
real
eally
really
really
eally
ea
ea
rea
al
ll
real
eally
lly
rea
al
eally
lly
ly
y
al
ally
y
ally
ly
y

onnection
connection
connectio
onne
conne
connectio
onnection
connection
connection
n
onnection
nnection
necti
onnection
nn
nection
e
on
nn
ne
ectio
ect
ec
ct
tio
ctio
on
n

connection
connection
connec
connecti
connection
connect
onnecti
onne t
connect
connec
onne
connectio
con
connection
onnection
nnectio
nectio
nne
onnection
on
nnection
nectio
nnection
nnec
nn
nection
ne
nectio
ection
ct
ect
ti
io
o
ction
tion
tio
on
on
n
ion

purchase
purchase
purchase
urchase
pur
purchase
urchas
purchase
pu
urch
ur
r hase
purch
pu
ur
r
urch
rc
cha
ch
purch
purch
ur
rc
ch
ha
urcha
as
purc
rc
rcha
as
as
purchas
chas
ha
as
se
e
ha
ha
as
se
ha
ha
ase
e
se

at
t
at
at
at
at
at
a

t
at
t
at
at
at
at
a

at
t
at
t
at
at
at
at
t
a

t
at
t
at
at
at
at
at
a

t
at
at
at
at
at
a

at
t
at
at
at
at
t
a

t
at
t
at
at
at
at
at
at
a

t
at
at
at
at
at
at
at
a

t
at
at
at
at
at
a

at
at
t
at
at
t
at
t
at
at
at
at
at
a

at
at
t
at
at
at
at
at
at
at
at
at
at
a

at
t
at
t
at
at
at
at
a

t
at
at
at
at
at
t
a

claims
claims
clai
cla
ai
clai
claims
im
clai
claim
laims
ai
claims
claims
aims
ms
laims
ai
im
ms
cla ms
s
ms

completed
completed
completed
complete
completed
completed
om
ompleted
comple
com
omplete
omp
compl
com
om
ompleted
mplet
mplet
m
omp
completed
comp
co
co
omp
om
mpl
complet
co
omplete
mpleted
mplet
mplet
mp
mpleted
l
omple
mpleted
ple
ete
et
mple
pl
le
eted
te
te
ed
plete
ete
te
ed
p ete
ed
d
ed
d
ed

te
tel
tell
el
ll
te
te
ell
l
te
te
el
ll
l
el
ll
l
ll
l

teaches
teac
teaches
te
eache
teach
teache
te
ea
eaches
ach
teach
he
teaches
aches
ach
ac
ch
he
hes
s
es
he
es
ches

g

15-minute
15-minut
15-minute
15-minute
5
15-minute
15-minute
5-minut
15-mi
5-minute
5-mi
m
5-min
5 min
min
minute
min
nu
mi
in
nut
t
nu
ut
te
e
ute
e
u e

who've
wh
who've
ho
who'v
wh
ho've
who've
who've
wh
ho
ho
o'v
o'v
who've
ho
ho've
ve

struggling
struggling
st
struggling
t
strug
trugg
trugglin
rugglin
rug
struggling
uggling
strug
st
st
tr
strugglin
ru
uggling
struggl
struggling
trug l
ruggling
uggling
ug
ggling
ggl
ggli
truggling
trug
ruggling
ug
ggl
ggling
ggl
gli
ggli
i
ugg
ggling
ggli
in
in
n
ggling
gl ng
gg
gg
gl
gglin
ng

web
web
web
web
web
w b
we
eb
b
eb
eb
eb
b

w b
web
web
b
we
we
we
eb
web
we
we
eb
b
web
web
we
eb
b
eb
eb

site
i
site
site
si
ite
t
it
si
ite
te
te

site
sit
si
it
it
t
si
it
t
si
it
it
te
e
site
it
te
e
site
te
e
ite
te
e

audio
audi
ud
udio
d
audio
audio
audio
ud
d
audio
di
i
audio
au
udio
dio
di
audio
udio
o
io
o
io

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audio
audio
aud
audio
au
u
audio
audio
au
audi
udio
ud
dio
aud
audio
di
io
o
ud
d o
dio
o

audi
aud
audio
audi
u
audio
audio
audio
au
udio
d
au
ud
di
udi
io
dio
dio
udio
di
io
o
audio
io
o
dio

au
aud
audi
aud
audio
aud
au
udio
d
au
udio
di
di
audio
audi
aud
udi
di
io
o
udio
a di
io
o
udio
dio
dio
o

001
001
200
20
2001
200
20
00
00
200
001
00
0
20
00
00
01
1
00
2001
20
001
200
2001
1
01
1
01

be
bee
be
be
e
be
bee
bee
ee
ee
bee

bee
been
bee
bee
een
been
n
be
ee
en
n
en
e

been
been
bee
be
bee
bee
been
ee
e
been
ee
en
en
n

program
program
prog
progra
r
pro
prog
program
rogra
rog
og
ogram
g
progr
pr
rogram
g
progr
program
gra
gram
ra
p
g
m
gr
gr
ra
am
am
m
g am
m

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p
gram
progra
prog
prog
program
program
program
pr
pr
rogra
rogram
ogram
o
program
progr
program
pr
ro
og
pr
ro
og
gr
ogr
ra
a
p ogra
og
gra
gram
p ogram
og
gram
gram
ra
am
ram
gram
m
am

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prog
program
progra
program
rogram
r
m
program
pr
ro
og
ogram
og
progr
program
rog
ogra
gram
g
progra
ro
ogram
gra
ram
am
gr
ram
ra
ram
gram
m
gram
gram

program
progra
progra
program
progr
pr
rog
ro
program
prog
pr
progra
ro
rogram
ogram
og
og
gra
pr
rogra
ro
og
gra
ogra
gr
ra
ogram
p ogram
gram
gr
gram
ra
pro
og
g am
m
gr
gram
m
gr
gr
ra
am
g am
m

scholars
schol
sch
cholar
olar
sc
c
scholars
cholars
holars
schola
sc
c
scholars
ho
hola
schola
cholar
cholar
ho
o
holars
rs
cholar
holar
a
la
la
ars

everal
v
several
ever
seve
sever
ever
everal
several
severa
severa
ev
veral
everal
ve
era
era
ra
al
ra
al
l

has
ha
ha
ha
as
a
has
as
has
as
ha
as
s
has
s

has
has
ha
has
has
ha
ha
a
ha
as
s
has
has

has
has
a
has
ha
as
s
has
as
s

has
ha
has
as
has
ha
ha
as
s
as
as
s

has
has
as
has
ha
a
ha
as
as
s
has

ha
has
has
has
ha
a
has
as
has
ha
as
as
as
s
as

ha
ha
as
ha
has
s
has
ha
as
s

use
us
s
us
se
e
se
e
s

common
common
o
common
common
common
co
o
common
om
mmo
ommon
ommo
mm
mm
comm
mmon
mmon
mo
mo
on
n
mon

screen
screen
scre
sc
c
sc
sc
cr
re
scre
sc
cre
cr
reen
re
ree
ee
ee
e
screen
creen
cr
re
re
ee
ee
en
n
ee
ee
en
n
en
n

is
is
s
is
is
is

s
is
s
is
is
is

is
s
is
s
is
is
is
is
is

is
is
is
s
is
s
is
is
is
is

s
is
is
s
is
is
s
is
is

s
is
s
is
s
is
is

is
is
s
is
s
is
is
i

is
is
s
is
is
is
is
is
is
i

gets
ge
gets
ge
e
get
t
gets
et
t
gets
gets
gets
ets
gets
ge
ets
ts
s
get
g ts

think
think
think
th
hink
h
th
hink
hink
hi
i
th
hi k
th
hin
hink
nk
nk
nk
k
nk
nk

cont
contain
contains
contains
conta
ont
contain
ontain
co
ont
tain
contains
contain
ontains
ontains
ntai
nt
onta
ntai
ntai
contains
ntain
ains
ins
ins
ns
s

podcast
po
podcas
podcast
podca
po
podcast
od
dcas
podcast
pod
od
dcast
dca
d
podca
podca
po
od
dcas
dcast
ca
dca
podcast
podcast
od
dca
dc
cast
ast
t
p dc
cast
t
cas
st
t
st
t

ista
di
dista
distan
dis
di
istan
ist
dista
distanc
distance
is
st
tance
t
distance
di
is
istanc
st
tance
istance
ta
a
dista
is
st
tanc
ta
an
n
distance
stanc
ta
tanc
ance
tan
nce
nc
ce
e
an
nce
e
ce
e

only
only
onl
only
on
only
nl
only
nl
nl
nly
only
onl
ly
ly
y
only
nly
y
nl
ly
ly
y

other
other
other
ot
the
ther
th
he
ot
th
h
ther
h
ot
th
her
e
ot
the
th
he
he
e
ther
he
er
er
er
r
he
he
er
er
er

stories
orie
storie
st
tories
tori
stories
stories
st
st
torie
tories
orie
st
st
to
to
o i
rie
stories
ories
e
r
s
es
es
s

s
st
storie
sto
storie
or
stories
t
stories
tor
s
storie
st
torie
ories
ri
ies
stories
or
r e
ri
ie
es
s
ie
es
s

interview(s
intervi
interview(s
nte
nterview(s
interview
nt
nt
nt
tervie
nterview(s
interview(
nt
te
te
erv
rview(s
in
nterview(
nt
te
terview(s
e
ntervi
nterview(s
nt
te
terview(
ervie
rv
vi
i
tervie
te
erview(
er
rv
view(
vi
ie
e
terview(
rv
vi
ie
ew
ew(
w(
w(
(
vie
ew(s
ew(
w
ie
ew(s
(s
w(
(s
(s
(s
s
(s

come
com
come
co
o
com
co
om
om
m
co
ome
om
om
me
me
e
me
e

come
co
ome
om
co
ome
om
me
me
com
om
me
om
me
e

teacher-training
teacher-training
teacher-training
cher-training
teacher-training
teacher-trainin
teacher-training
eacher-trainin
eacher-trainin
teacher-traini
acher-training
teache
eacher-trai i
eacher-training
teacher-train
her-training
teacher-trainin
acher-training
acher-train
cher-trainin
teacher-training
acher-training
acher-trainin
her-tra
her-trai
eacher-train
a her
he
er-traini
cher-training
her-training
her-tra
he t
her-training
he
er
r-trai
tr
rainin
er train
aining
tra n
training
a ni
ing
aini g
in
ng
ng
g

t
ib
transcribing
transcribing
transcribing
transcribing
transcri
transcribing
ra
trans
transcribing
transcribing
ranscribin
ranscr
anscrib
anscri
nscribin
tra
transcribing
transcribin
ra
anscribing
scri
an
nscrib
nscribing
sc
scribing
cribing
anscribi
nscrib
ns
scr
scribing
b
nscr bi
ing
cribing
cribing
n
ibing
g
bing
ng
g

cially
cia
cially
cia
i
cially
ci
iall
l
cially
ial
cially
ially
cially
cially
ally
cially
cial
ci
ially
ially
lly
y
ially
ci
ia
ially
lly
y
ally
y

become
bec
become
become
become
bec
ecome
come
beco
becom
be
e
becom
ecom
come
becom
co
ecom
me
m
com
come
ome
e

began
began
g
be
ega
ega
be
eg
eg
ga
ga
began
beg
be
eg
egan
gan
an
began
eg
eg
gan
ga
an
n
ga
an
gan
n
g

began
began
be
began
began
ega
be
be
beg
be
bega
began
began
ga
be
egan
began
eg
ga
a
eg
ga
ga
an
egan
bega
ga
an
ga
ga
an
g n

19
9
19
9
19
19
1

enth
ent
enthu
enthu
nthu
nthu
enthu
ent
nthu
nt
enthu
th
nth
h
en
nt
nt
th
hu
en
nth
hu
u
hu

9

prof
prof
prof
prof
pr
prof
pro
prof
pr
ro
ro
ro
of
of
f
prof
pr
ro
of
pro
pr
ro
of
prof
pro
ro
of
ro
of
of
f
of

permission
permissio
ermission
pe
permission
ermissio
permiss
missio
permis
ermiss
rmission
rm
missio
mission
m
permissio
perm
er
rmissi
rmission
mi
ermission
permissio
perm
er
rm
rmissi
missio
mis
missi
si
missi
io
permission
missi
ssio
o
ssion
ss
s on
on
ion
ion

sure
su
ure
u
sure
sure
ure
re
re
e
ure
e

now
now
no
no
now
no
no
no
ow
ow
w
ow
now
no
ow
ow
w

no
o
no
o
no
ow
w
now
now
ow
w
ow
w

now
no
o
no
no
ow
ow
ow
w
now
ow
w
now
w

center
cente
cente
cente
center
r
cen
cent
enter
ente
ente
nte
center
cente
enter
ente
cente
nte
nter

center
ce
ce
ent
ce
cente
center
enter
center
ce
enter
en
nt
nte
t
ce
ce
en
enter
nt
nte
nt
te
e
cente
center
ent
te
te
er
c nter
nt
te
te
er
te
er

history
history
histor
history
history
hist
his
history
hist
is
story
story
story
hist
his
history
to
o
history
histo
is
story
tor
r
ory
st
tor
ry
ry
y
tory

history
history
history
histo
hi
istory
history
hi
ist
story
history
hist
to
history
history
story
hi
history
ist
st
tory
to
or
ry
y
st
to
ory
tory
y

his
his
his
hi
is
his
hi
i
his
his
his
his
his

his
hi
his
his
his
is
hi
i
hi
is
hi
hi
is
hi
hi
is
s

history
history
histo
isto y
history
hist
history
i
histo
his
hi
is
story
st
histo
ist
t
story
o
his
hi
istory
is
story
st
to
or
to
ory
ory
y
ory

history
histo
histo
history
history
histo
histo
histo
hi
isto
story
y
his
history
st
st
t
history
history
st
tory
to
o
story
istory
stor
ry
y
ory
to
or
ry
y
or
ry
y
history
history
history
history
hist
history
histo
histor
history
st
hist
his
histo
is
s
histo
history
hi
ist
to
histo
istory
isto
tory
to
sto
o
history
his
stor
st
to
to
ory
or
ry
st
st
to
or
ry
ry
y
to
ory
y
ory
ry

history
hist
his
his
y
histo
histo
hi
is
i
history
history
history
hi
ist
st
t
history
history
history
his
h st
tory
t
his
st
st
to
o
histor
history
is
is
sto
tory
ry
st
st
tory
ry
ry
y
to
ory
y
ry
y

hija
hijab
hijab
ijab
hij
hija
ij
j
hija
hij
ij b
hij
ij
ij
ja
ab
hijab
hija
hij
jab
ab
hij
ij
ij
ja
ab
b
ijab
ab
b
ijab
b

embraced
embraced
embra
embraced
mbraced
embra
embra
mbrac
embraced
mb
embrace
brac d
b
embraced
mbraced
mbrace
b ace
mbraced
mbraced
mb
braced
braced
br
rac d
c
a
d
ace
ed
d

2002
20
2002
20
002
2
2002
2002
20
002
00
00
0
20
00
00
02
02
02
02
2
20
00
0
2002
2
2002
2002
00
02
2
02
02
2

i'm
'
i'm
'm
'm
m
'm
'm
m
'm
'm
m
'm
m

econo
economy
eco
economy
econom
economy
ec
ec
conomy
economy
onomy
economy
ono
con
econo
economy
no
ec
conomy
ono
nomy
om
m
on
nomy
omy
n my
m
om
my
my
y

arkansas
arkan
arkansas
arkansa
arkans
arkan
rkansa
rkans
k
arkans
arkansas
ar
rkansa
ark
arka
arkan
arkans
rk
kansa
kans
ansas
ark
rk
kansas
an
ns
ka
ka
ansas
nsas
s
ns
sa
as
sa
sa
as
s
a

ab
abra
braham
b
abraham
ab
ab
bra
brah
raham
abraham
ab
br
raham
raha
aham
h
ab
br
ra
ah
ham
ham
br
raham
aham
ah
ham
h
aha
braham
rah
aham
ha
a
ham
m
raham
m
am
am
m
am

lily
lily
lily
li
lily
il
ily
li
il
l
li
li
ily
lily
ly
y
lily
ily
ly
ly
y
ly
y
lil
ily
ly
ly
y
li
li
il
ily
ly
ly
y
il
ily
ly
y
n

sp
speci
special
specia
special
pec
spec
specia
p
spe
ecia
pecia
specia
specia
pe
ec
cia
special
pecial
ec
ci
ia
pecia
pecial
ecia
al
pecial
cial
l
al

se
e
se
een
ee
e
seen
seen
ee
en
en

what
what
what
what
hat
h
what
what
what
wh
hat
t
wha
what
ha
ha
at
t
ha
at
t
ha
at
t
at

what
wh
h
what
wha
wh
ha
h
what
wh
ha
at
wh
hat
hat
hat
at
t
what
ha
at
t

wh
what
wha
wh
h
what
hat
wha
what
what
ha
hat
wha
at
t
ha
at

touch
touch
ouch
ouch
to
ou
ouch
ouch
touch
touch
ouch
uch
ou
uc
uc
uch
ch
h
uc
ch
h

la
larger
a
larger
large
arger
ge
la
arge
rg
larger
la
arger
ar
rg
rg
rger
g
rger
la
arger
arg
ge
e
ger
arger
ar
rg
ger
r
rg
ge
er
r
ge
lo
loan
loan
loa
o
loan
a
oan
lo
oa
lo
oa
an
n
oan
oa
an
n

be
be
be
be
e
be
e
be
be
b

be
be
e
be
be
e
be
be
be
be
e
b

be
e
be
be
be
be
be
be
be
be
b

be
be
be
e
be
e
be
e
be
be
b

be
e
be
be
e
be
e
be
e
be
be
b

using
using
using
using
using
us
sing
sing
using
using
s
usi
in
in
ng
ng
us
sin
in
ng
g
usin
ng
g
ng
ng
g

send
send
se
sen
se d
e d
send
se
se
en
nd
d

ect
ect
ec
ect
ct
ect
t
ct
t

support
suppo
uppo
su
uppo
uppo
sup
sup
sup
upport
upport
p
upp
support
su
upp
uppor
pp
pp
po
po
uppor
port
o
pport
ort
t
ppor
port
t
ppor
po t

support
suppor
support
support
su
sup
su
uppo
up
upport
ppo
support
suppor
su
uppo
pport
po
su
upport
uppo
upp
pp
pp
pport
port
upport
o
upp
po
o
por
upport
ppor
ort
t
pp
pport
pp
por
pp rt
po
ort
t

lo
o
locat
locate
locate
lo
oca
oc
c
oca
ate
ca
l cat
t
ate
loca
oca
ocate
cate
e
ate
te
e

asked
asked
asked
aske
a k
sked
asked
asked
as
sked
ask
k
asked
ed
sk
ked
e
ke
ed
d
ke
ed
ed

ma
make
make
ake
ke
ak
mak
make
make
ma
ake
ke
e
mak
ake
ke
e

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arch
march
arch
march
march
arch
ma
ma
ar
r h
march
ma
ma
march
ma
ar
rc
ch
ar
rc
rc
ch
h
rch
rc
ch
h

came
came
came
ame
a
cam
ca
am
am
m
ame
me
me
e
me
e
me

promote
prom
pr
romote
promote
pr
romo
ro
ro
omot
omot
promot
promote
prom
ro
omo
m
promote
promote
promot
pr
ro
o
romote
mot
m
promote
ot
promote
omot
t
mo
ot
te
te
te
te

contributions
cont
contributio
contributi
ontrib
ontribution
contributions
contributio
contributions
contributions
contr
ontribution
ontributi
ontributi
n
ontributions
ntribu
trib
tributions
r
ontributio
ntributions
ntributio
tr
ributio
ntributi
but
b
ibutio
buti
buti
tions
tio
ons
ons
s
on
ns

ford
fo
ford
or
fo
fo
ord
ford
d
ford
fo
ord
rd
d
fo
or
rd
d
rd
d

workshops
workshops
work
worksh
workshop
workshop
workshop
workshops
workshops
orksh
orksho
workshop
ksh
workshop
workshop
or
rkshops
rkshops
worksho
orkshop
rksh
ks
ks
shop
h
orkshops
orksho
o ksh
h
rkshop
o
kshops
op
hops
ops
s
ops
ops
ps

i

i

h
gh
ght
h
gh
ght
ht
t
ght
gh
gh
ht
ht
t
ht
t
h
gh
ght
gh
ght
ht
t
gh
gh
ht
ht
t
ht
t

i

currently
urrently
current
currently
currently
currently
urrently
urrentl
currently
cur
currently
rrently
rrently
cur
rr
rently
rently
curre
ur
r
urr
ren
e
rently
tl
rrent
rrentl
rently
re
ent
n
rently
ntly
tly
en
ntly
tly
y

pb
pbs
pbs
b
pb
pb
bs
pbs
pbs
pb
bs
bs
s
pb
bs
bs
s
pb
bs
s
pbs
pbs
pb
bs
s
bs
s

victoria
victoria
vi
vi
ictor
ctoria
vi
vi
ictor
ctoria
ct
vi
victoria
ct
tori
ct
toria
toria
o
toria
i
ct
to
ori
oria
oria
ia
r a

ri
thrive
thr
h ve
thrive
thriv
hrive
h
thriv
thr
thrive
riv
i
hrive
hriv
ri
iv
v
ri
ive
ve
ve

sio
vision
vision
visio
visio
visio
i
vision
sio
vision
ision
sion
sio
io
visio
is
si
io
sio
on
on
is
s
n
sion
ion
on
n

vision
visio
isio
visio
ision
ision
sion
sion
i
visio
sion
si
ion
si
io
o
si
io
on
ion
n

vision
vis
vision
vision
visi
vis
visio
is
vision
vi
vi
visio
sio
vision
vi
vi
vision
sion
si
ion
sion
vision
vis
sion
si
isio
visi
io
on
on
o
vis
is
sion
si
ion
on
on
on
n
si
ion
on
vision
vision
sion
on
n

yet
yet
yet
yet
yet
yet
ye
et
t
yet
ye
et
ye
et
yet
t

sometim
sometim
ometime
ometimes
o
sometimes
omet
so
ometime
metim
m
ometimes
ometimes
me
metim
metime
et
metim
metim
metime
metimes
t
metime
ti
i
etime
tim
time
es
e m s

movie
movies
mo
movie
movies
mo
o
movies
ovie
vie
movies
movie
movi
movie
ovies
ov
vies
ovie
ie
e
ovies
s
es

fish
fisher
fi
fisher
fish
fi
fi
i h
sher
fis
fisher
fisher
h
she
ishe
her
sher
her
she
is
she
he
he
he
er

fis
fishe
fi
i
fisher
fisher
fi
fish
fisher
sher
her
r
fisher
is
sh
her
her
fisher
fis
fisher
sh
her
her
fis
sh
her
he
he
er
fishe
ishe
he
er
r
he
er
e

don
don
do
do
don
don
do
do
o
do
do
on
n
do
do
on
n
on
n

do
do
do
o
don
don
on
on
n
do
do
on

anniversary
anniversary
anniversary
annivers
anniv
annivers
anniversary
an
n
anniversary
annive
an
nniversary
nniversa
ni
anni
annive
nnive
niversary
ni
iv
v
anniversary
an
nniversary
nniversar
ni
iversary
ve
er
rs
n ve
ersary
er
rsary
s
iv
ivers
e sa
ary
ersar
rs
rs
sa
sar
sary
ary
ry
y

sent
se
se
se
en
se
se
ent
nt
nt
nt
t
sent
sent
se
se
en
nt
nt
t
ent
ent
t
ent
t

u-m
u-m
u-m
u-m
u m
u-m
u-
u-m
u m
u-m
m

jobs
job
jobs
obs
jobs
b
job
ob
jobs
b
jo
jo
obs
bs
s
jo
obs
bs
s
jobs

smiling
smil
smiling
smiling
milin
smiling
sm
smili
miling
milin
iling
ilin
ling
mili
smilin
sm
miling
miling
miling
il
smiling
smiling
mi
smilin
in
milin
li
ing
g
mi
ilin
ng
g
iling
li
in
ng
ng
g

connect
connect
connect
conne
connect
o
conn
onn
co
connec
onn
onnect
nn
connect
onn
ne
ne
n
nnect
nn
nec
e
ne
ect
ct
ct
t

standard
standar
standard
tandards
tandards
stan
standa
standard
standards
tandard
sta
stan
standards
stand
ta
ta
andar
and
nd
d
tanda d
andards
nd
d
ndards
nd
da d
ard
d
ndards
ard
rd
ds
s
ds
ds
s
d

spielberg
spielb
spi
spielberg
spielberg
piel
pielberg
spielberg
spielberg
pi
spielberg
pi
ie
e
pielberg
el
pielberg
lber
sp
sp
pielb
pielbe
elbe
berg
spielberg
spielberg
pie
e be
p
lb
berg
be
er
rg
rg
p
e g
e g
rg
rg
rg
g

monacelli
monacel
monacell
onacelli
monace
monacelli
monace
mo
mona
mona
onacel
onacelli
nacelli
nacell
monacelli
monace
monacelli
onac
onacell
n
monacell
monacell
mon
onac
na
ac
ona
nacelli
na
ac
ac
celli
l
ac
ce
cell
ce
e
ce
elli

g

monacelli
monace
monacelli
monace
monacell
monacelli
monacelli
mo
monace
monacell
ona
onace
acell
onacell
monacelli
monacelli
mo
ona
on
na
a
on
na
ac
ac
cell
nacel
el
nacel
cell
li
i
ce
e
cell
li
i
e i

peo
pe
pe
e
pe
pe
pe
eo
o
eo
peo
pe
pe
eo
o
peo
pe
eo
peo
o
peo
o

ern
er
ern
erna
er
er
er
rn
n
er
er
rn
na
a
rna
erna
er
er
rn
na
a
er
rn
rn
na
a
rn
na
a
na
a

views
views
views
view
i
vi
i ws
view
view
ie
ews
views
view
ie
ews
ew
ws
ws
s

state
state
state
state
t
sta
sta
st
state
state
tate
ta
a
sta
tat
state
at
te
state
st
ta
ta
at
t
a e
te
e

state
sta
st
ta
state
st
st
ta
ta
at
t
st
state
ta
at
t
state
st
st
ta
ta
tate
at
te
e
state
sta
state
sta
ta
ate
te
e
te

apr
apri
april
ap
pr
april
ap
pril
ap
pr
april
il
pril
april
apr
ri
il
l
ap
pr
pril
r
pril
il
pril
pril
il
l
pr
ri
il
il
il

right
i
righ
right
ri
rig
ig
ght
h
ri
ig
g
righ
ght
ht
t
ht
rig
gh
gh
ht
ht
ht
t
right
right
ig
gh
ht
t
gh
ht
gh
ht

student
stud
students
tud
stude
e
stud
tudent
students
tu
udent
d
students
students
tudent
tu
ud
dents
tudent
ud
dent
dents
dent
tudent
udents
dent
ent
ents
n s
nts

student
stud
students
students
tud
st
t dent
students
student
studen
tu
ud
udents
de
ents
udents
ents
s
ud
de
ent
t
ents
en
nts
nt
ts
ts

student
st
tude
t
students
students
st
tude
udents
de
d
students
studen
tud
tude
tudent
dent
tudent
tudent
ud
de
ents
en
dent
udents
de
ents
t
nts
nt
ts

studen
stude
students
tu
udents
student
st
students
tudent
ude
d
student
students
t
student
tu
ud
de
students
students
uden
de
e
de
udents
t
ents
t
ents
s

studen
students
t
students
student
tudent
u
students
student
st
tudents
ud
de
ud
students
students
tuden
dents
s ud
den
e
de
ent
t
nt
ts
nts

fun
fun
fu
fund
nds
funds
fu
fun
und
funds
fu
und
unds
nd
unds
funds
und
ds
s
nd
ds
ds
s

of
of
f
of
f
of
f
of
f
of
of
of
f
of
of
of
o

f
of
of
of
f
of
of
f
of
f
of
of
o
of
of
of
of
of
f
of
of
of
of
f
of
of
of
of
o
f
of
of
f
of
f
of
f
of
of
of
of
o

f
of
of
f
of
f
of
of
of
o

of
of
f
of
f
of
f
of
f
of
of
of
f
of
of
of
o

of
of
f
of
of
of
f
of
f
of
of
of
of
of
of
o

of
of
f
of
f
of
f
of
of
of
of
of
of
o
of
of
of
f
of
f
of
of
of
f
of
of
o

of
f
of
f
of
of
of
f
of
of
of
o

f
of
of
of
of
of
of
of
of
of
of
of
of
o

of
of
f
of
f
of
f
of
of
of
of
of
of
o

of
of
f
of
f
of
of
of
of
f
of
of
of
o

of
f
of
f
of
f
of
of
f
of
of
of
o

f

of
f
of
of
f
of
of
o

of
of
f
of
f
of
of
of
of
o

office
office
office
of
ff
offic
f
offi
ffic
ff
fi
fi
i
office
ff
fi
fi
of
ff ce
fice
ffic
ic
ce
ce

office
offi
office
office
ffi
offic
of
ff
ffice
ff
ffic
i
office
of
of
ff
ffic
ff
fice
i
office
office
of
ffic
ff
fic
c
of
ffice
fi
fic
ce
e
ice
ce
e

mak
makes
makes
makes
makes
make
ak
ke
k
ma
ak
makes
ak
ke
ke
ke
e
ak
ke
es
s
es

makes
makes
makes
makes
mak
makes
makes
ake
ake
makes
make
makes
ake
make
ake
ke
ke
es
s
ke
ke
es
kes
s

see
seem
se
seem
eems
seems
see
seems
eems
em
em
ems
ms
s

whom
whom
wh
h
whom
whom
wh
hom
h
wh
whom
hom
ho
hom
whom
om
m
om
m

i

way
way
wa
way
way
way
way
way
way
ay
wa
wa
ay
ay
y
way
y
wa
ay
ay
y

closer
clo
os
os
ose
clo
cl
lo
o
clos
oser
clo
closer
os
closer
ose
er
oser
er

kriigel
kriige
kriige
kr
kriige
kriig
kriige
iigel
riigel
kriig
kriigel
ii
kriige
kr
kriige
kriigel
riige
rii
ig
kriige
kriige
iige
iig
ig
gel
ge
gel
kr
riige
ig
ge
el
ri el
gel
gel
g

kriigel
kriigel
kri
kriige
kriigel
kriige
kriigel
kr
kriige
iig
kriig
kri
kri g
kri
i
riig
ig
g
kr
kriig
ig
gel
riig
ge
el
l
ge
el
l
gel
el
gel

job
job
job
job
jo
job
job
ob
job
ob
job
b
ob
job
b
j b
jo
ob
jo
jo
ob
jo
job

siastically
siastically
siastically
siastically
sia
siastic
siastically
iastica
siastically
siastically
siastical
si
ia
as
siastic
ically
siastically
si
ia
astica
astically
astic
st
t
siastically
sia
ia
ast
tically
c l
astically
tically
ic
ica
call
ll
st
ti al
lly
ical
lly
y
all

example
exa
xam
xam
example
exampl
example
example
example
xample
amp
ample
exam
examp
example
xamp
ample
m
exampl
ex
xample
mple
ample
mp
mp
mp
pl
l
am
mple
m le
e
mp
ple
e

take
tak
tak
take
take
ak
k
ta
ta
ake
k
ta
take
ak
ke
ke
e
ke
take
take
take
take
k
ake
tak
take
k
take
ke
e
ke
e

jamie
jamie
ami
jam
jam
am
ami
amie
jami
jam
am
amie
m
ja
amie
mie
mi
ie
amie
jamie
mie
e
j mie
e
mie
ie
e

jamie
am
jamie
amie
jam
am
am
m
jamie
ja
ja
am
am
jamie
ie
e
ja
amie
am
am
mi
ie
am
mi
ie
e
mi
ie
ie
e

jamie
jamie
jamie
jamie
ami
amie
jami
amie
amie
mi
amie
amie
m
ja
ami
mie
mi
ie
ie
e
ja
amie
mi
ie
e
mie
ie
e
mi
ie
e

time
m
ti
tim
ime
m
time
i
tim
m
tim
im
me
me
ti
ti
im
me
e
me
e
me
e

time
tim
tim
time
ime
tim
time
tim
ime
me
me
ime
t m
time
me
e
me
e

ti
time
time
im
time
m
tim
ti
im
me
m
time
tim
ti
im
me
me
e
time
me

numb
numbe
num
mber
number
umbe
u
number
mber
numbe
umber
um
m
numb
ber
be
be
numbe
umber
mbe
e
mb
ber
er
r

pastern
past
paste
pas
pa
as
pasternak
asternak
pasternak
pasterna
pasternak
pasterna
pastern
pasterna
paster
pastern
aste
asternak
ster
t
pasternak
pa
as
as
st
st
te
stern
paster
aste
st
st
te
pasternak
ast
terna
e
ter
rn
rn
na
nak
st
ternak
ern
nak
ak
ter
rn
nak
k
erna
ak
nak
k
rnak
ak
k

1997
1997
1997
9
1997
1997
99
9
997
97
199
99
97
1997
7
199
1997
97
97
7

19
1997
997
99
9
1997
199
1997
99
99
9
1997
199
99
97
97
7
97
1997
99
199
99
97
1997
99
9
997
7

collection
collection
collection
ollect
collection
collection
co
collection
l
coll
collection
ol
ll
le
ect
co
collection
ol
llectio
ollectio
ll
lect
ecti
ectio
ti
ion
ection
ct
ct
ti
ct
n
io
on
on
n

collection
collection
collecti
collection
collecti
ollec
ectio
collectio
collection
collection
olle
l
coll
ollection
collectio
collection
ollectio
ll
lle
ollection
n
ollection
ollecti
olle
llectio
ection
llectio
ectio
ec
ctio
on
o
ct
n

collection
col
collection
collection
olle
ollect
collection
collect
oll
olle
ollect
collection
coll
ollectio
ollec
ec
collect
ollecti
llecti
ectio
ection
ctio
ctio
le
ecti
ec
ct
lectio
ec io
on
tio
on
n
on

on
n
on
on
o

on
on
n
on
n
on
on
on
on
o

on
on
on
on
on
on

on
n
on
on
n
on
on
on
on
n
o

on
n
on
n
on
n
on
n
on
on
o

on
n
on
n
on
on
on
on
o

on
n
on
on
on
on
n
on
on

on
on
on
on
on
on
on
on
n
o

n
on
on
n
on
on
on
on
on
n
on
on
on
o

n
on
on
on
n
on
n
on
o

on
on
on
n
on
n
on
on
on
o

copyedits
copyedits
co
cop
copyedits
copye
co
copyedits
op
pyedits
copyedits
opyedits
op
pyedit
pyedi
p
co
copyedits
opyedit
opye
op
opyed
py
py
ye
pyedit
op
pyedit
py
ye
ed
di
i
pye
edits
d ts
t
edits
yed
dits
s
pyed
di
its
it
ts
s

financia
financ
financial
financ
financi
fi
financial
financial
financ
na
ancia
anci
finan
fin
nancial
na
ancia
a
financial
financial
finan
nan
na
nancia
an
a ci
ncia
a
ci
ia
al
al

synopses
sy
synopses
synopses
synopse
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ynopses
synopses
sy
synopse
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y
synopses
no
synopses
synopse
synopses
ynopse
nop
no
o
nop
p
syn
nopse
no
o
ynopses
opses
ps
y opse
pse
ses
p es
es

curriculum
curriculum
curriculum
curriculum
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ulu
curriculum
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curri
ur i
cur
rriculu
cu
urricul
ur
rr
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rriculum
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rricul
rriculum
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but
but
but
t
bu
bu
ut
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t
ut
t

v
active
ctive
ctive
ti
iv
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ve
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ve

tra
travel
t a
tr
rave
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tr
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ve
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el
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el
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ar
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ar
are
e
are
ar
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kosky
kosky
kosky
kosky
kosky
kosky
kosky
o
ko
kosky
ko
ko
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s
kosky
kosky
k
ko
kosky
ko
ko
os
sk
k
kos
os
sk
ky
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ky
y
ky
ky

it
it
it
it
it
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t
it
it
t
it
it
t
it
it
t
it
it
t

h

with
th
with
with
with
wi
with
i h
with
with
it
wit
th
h
w h
it
th

wit
with
with
with
with
wi
wit
it
th
th
wi
wit
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it
th
th
h
wi
wit
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th
h
th
th
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p.m
p m
p m
p m
p m
m
p.m
p m
p m
p.
.m
p.
.m

200
20
2005
2005
00
20
0
200
00
0
20
00
05
05
05
5
200
05
05
5
20
20
200
00
05
05
5
05
05
5
00
005
05
05
05
5

25 y
25-yea
25
25
25
5-yea
5
25-y
25
25-yea
25-ye
5-yea
-ye
25-ye
25
5-y
5 y
25-ye
25-year
25
5-year
5-year
ye
ear
year
25-year
5 year
25
25-year
ea
ar
a
25-year
5 y
5 year
yea
ea
ar
r
yea
ear
r
ea
ar
ar
pleased
pleased
pleased
please
lease
pleas
l
please
please
pl
please
eased
pleas
pleased
pleased
le
e
le
ea
ased
as
ase
eas
as
se
ed
ed
ea
as
se
ed
ed
d
p
ase
se
e
se
ed
d

h

sur
survi
su
u
survi
surv
u
survi
ur
surv
sur i
su
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ur
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from
fr
fr
r
from
from
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fr
ro
om
from
om
om
m
om
m

proje
proj
proj
ro
proj
pr
r j
proj
proj
proj
j
proj

wraight
wraight
wraight
wraig
wraight
wraight
wra
wraight
wraight
wraigh
wrai
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wrai
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raight
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wr
raig
igh
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ht
t
ig
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gh
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g

all
all
all
l
ll
all
l
ll
ll
all
ll
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al
a

exe
xemplif
exemp
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exe
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xe
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exemplif
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st
st
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h
oc
holocau
hol
holocaus
oloca
holocaust
ho
olocau
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ol
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holocau
holocaust
holocau
holocaus
olocau
holo
holocau
ol
olo
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cau
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ho
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cau
caust
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st
st
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ocaust
caust
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t
us
caust
st
st

holoca
holo
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loca
l
holo
holo
ho
ol
olo
loc
oca
holoca
ho
ho
o o
holo
ho
olo
oc
c
holo
holo
olo
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ca
ca
a
oc
ca
ca
a

holocaust
holoc
ho
holocau
hol
holocau
ho
ol
olocaust
locau
holocaust
holoca
holocaust
ho
ol caus
caust
holocaus
ho
oloc
oca
oca
cau
caust
holocaust
olo
oc
ca
holocaust
lo
ocaust
ca
cau
ca
ca
au
us
st
st
t
ocau
au
us
us
st
st
t
st
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sept
sept
sep
ept
se
se
ept
sept
se
ep
p
ept
sep
ep
ept
sept
t
se
ept
pt
t
ept
pt

since
si
ince
nce
since
si
in
n
sinc
sinc
since
in
nc
c
ince
c
nce
e
nc
ce
e
n

septe
septemb
september
eptember
september
septemb
se
septemb
e
sep
r
septem
sep
se
se
eptem
ep
pte
pt
t
septemb
se
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ptemb
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ptembe
te
te
te
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em
sep
septemb
eptembe
ep
pt
te
te
ember
mb
eptember
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emb
ber
mb
ptembe
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te
emb
be
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b
mbe
er
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ber
mb
ber
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begi
begi
begins
begin
begins
beg
begi
begins
begin
begins
be
be
eg
eg
eg
begins
be
be
eg
eg
gi
begin
begins
be
begin
eg
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gi
gin
beg
beg
eg
gi
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ns
s
egins
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s
gi
gi
in
ns
s
g ns
ns
s

surv
su
urv
urviv
vi
su
u
sur
su
survi
sur
su
urvi
ur
rv
vi
vi
i
surv
vi
ur
r

survivor
survivo
survivor
survivo
su
urvivor
u
survivor
urv
survivor
su
urviv
survivor
rvivo
i
urviv
v
vivo
vo
viv
vo
vor
r
profile
file
prof
file
f e
profile
rofile
profil
pr
rofil
ofi
il
le
e
pro
ro
of
file
ile
e
file

known
known
known
known
know
kn
nown
known
now
kno
no
ow
now
o
known
kn
kno
now
ow
ow
own
wn
own
n
now
ow
wn
wn
wn
n

ose
ose
ose
e
os
ose
e
ose
e

n
in
in
in
in
in
in
i

under
unde
un
un
unde
un
nd
nd
de
d
under
under
und
nder
nd
de
nder
nde
der
de
er

s

the
the
these
these
h
the
th
th
hese
these
hes
se
th
hese
es
se
e e

d

and
an
nd
and
a d
nd
d
and
an
nd
nd
an
nd
d

and
and
and
nd
and
and
an
an
nd
an
an
nd
nd
d

and
and
and
and
and
nd
d
an
nd
nd
d
nd
d
nd

nd

d
a d
an
and
and
nd
an
nd
d
nd
d
nd
an
nd

and
and
an
nd
nd
d
and
nd
d
and
and
an
nd
d
and
and
d
nd

importan
importan
important
mpo
important
importa
mportant
mportant
im
mpo
mpo
mp
mport
mp
mpo
p
important
mportan
mport
porta
ortan
rtan
mportan
mpor
mportant
port
ta
mportant
portan
po
ort
rt
rta
a
o tant
ant
ant
ant
t

me
m
some
some
e
ome
me
e
me

commemoratio
commemorati
comme
com
ommemoratio
ommem
ommemoration
mmemora
mmemoratio
commemoration
co
co
omm
om
omme
me
memora
commemoration
commemoration
commemorati
omm
mm
me
m
commemoration
ommemoration
ommem
mme
mm
memoratio
mem
mem
mo
ommemoration
ommemoratio
mm
mmemoration
emora
emoration
memor
mem
morat
o
em
mo
o
mem
emoration
morati
oration
at
t
moration
orati
at
tion
ti
ra
ra
ati
io
o
atio
at
ti
io
on
n
on
on

will
will
wi
wi
wil
l
will
l
wi
wi
il
ll
l
wi
wi
il
ll
l
wi
wi
il
ll
l
ll
l

o
to
o
to
o
to
o
to
to
to
o
to
to
o
t

toe
oe
oe
e
t e

them
th
hem
h
th
th
he
em
e
them
hem
hem
em

eryone
one
ryone
e
yone
eryo e
n
ryon
yo
on
ne
ne
yon
ne
ne
e
yone
e

to
nto
nto
to
t
nto
nto
nt
t
nto
nt
to
o
nto
to
o

genocide
cide
ge
genoc
genocide
genocide
genocid
ge
genocid
genocide
genocid
gen
en
eno
genocide
genocid
geno
ge
enoc
enocid
no
enocid
genoc
ge
ge
enocide
enocide
ocid
d
ge
genocide
eno
nocid
no
oc
ci
id
d
eno
oc
ci
id
de
no
o de
e
ocide
oci
oci
id
de
de
e
de
de
e

more
more
ore
more
mo
or
r
mor
mo
ore
re
e
re
e

volvemen
involvem
involve
nvolvem
involveme
in
nv
volve
nv
v
involvement
involvement
nv
nv
vol
vo
ol
lvement
involvement
nvolvement
nv
volvemen
vo
olvem
lvement
ve
olve
involvement
involvement
vo
olvem
lveme
lv
vement
em
emen
e
nvolvement
olve
ol
lv
lv
ve
ve
em
m
veme
ve
emen
m
em
me
me
en
nt
nt
t
me
ent
nt
en
nt
t
nt
t

armenian
armenian
armenian
arm
rmeni
ar
rmen
rmen
armen
arm
ar
rmeni
rmen
me
menia
menian
arm
armenia
armenian
ar
rm
meni
me
enian
nian
armeni
rmenian
men
menia
men
me
en
en
ni
me
me
enia
ni
ian
ia
an
n
nian
n
nian
an
n

she'll
she'll
she'll
h
sh
he
h
she
e'll
she'll
sh
he
e'll
e'll
e'l
she
he'l
he
e'll
l

the
th
th
he
he
th
th
he
e
th
he
he
he
he
e

the
the
th
the
th
th
h
th
th
h
the
e

the
th
h
the
he
th
he
he
e
the
he
e

the
the
th
h
th
h
the
he
e
the
he
e
th
he
e
he
e
he
e

th
th
he
h
th
th
he
he
th
th
he
e
th
th
he
t

the
the
the
h
th
the
the
he
e
the
he
e

th
the
th
th
h
the
th
he
h
th
he
e
th
th
he
e
the
the
the
he

for
r

pro
pr
pro
proje
ro
ro
oje
pr
roj
oje
oje
roje
roje
pro
oj
oj
oje
j
oje
proje
roj
oj
je
e
proj
oje
p oj
oje
oj
oj

community
community
comm
commun
commun
comm
co
ommuni
ommunit
ommunity
ommunity
mmunity
community
community
co
ommunity
ommun
community
m
community
commun
ommunity
om
mm
commun
community
comm
community
om
mmunity
mmunity
m
om
mmuni
munit
mu
mu
mmun
munit
mmu
unit
t
mm
mun
mu
mu
un
nit
it
t
mu
un
nity
uni
ity
ni
it
ty

dedi
dedic
dedi
de
ed
ed
di
d
de
edi
edi
d
de
de
ed
dic
ic

about
about
b
about
about
abo
bo
bo
b
abo
abou
ab
bou
b u
ab
bout
out
t
ut
t

n

voice/vision
voice/v
voice/vision
voice/vision
voice/ i
voice/vis
oice/visio
voice/vision
vo
oice/v
oice/vi
ice/vis
voic
voice
oice/visio
oice/ i
oi
i
oice/visio
oice/vision
oic
ce/vision
voice/visio
voic
voice/vision
oice/visio
oi
ice/vision
ic
ce/vision
ce/visio
e/
e/
/visio
voice/vision
oice/
ce/
e/
/
ce/vision
ice
e/
/v
vi ion
e/visio
e/vi
visi
ce/
e/
/vi
is
si
io
o
isio
o
visi
io
on
n
is
si n
io
on
n

vo
vo
vo
voice/
oi
voice/
i
voice
voic
oi
ic
i
voic /
vo
oi
ic /
voice
vo
oi
ic
ce/
/
vo

ce/vis
ce/vision
/visio
sion
n
sion
e/visio
si
e/vision
s o
e/vis o
sio
ce/vision
/v
vi
is
is
sio
io
/v
vi ion
o
sion
sion
vi io
on
isio
on
n
sion
on
n

staff
af
ff
taff
staf
st
st
ta
aff
ff
aff
ff
f
staff
ta
ta
af
af
ff
ff
aff
ff
ff
ff

ra
radar
radar
adar
d
radar
ra
ada
ad
da
d
rada
rada
ad
da
ada
da
ar
r
ar
d r

ora
ora
or
ral
ral
al
ora
o al
oral
or
ra
al
oral
oral
ra
al
l
ora
al

have
ha
hav
have
have
ha
ave
have
ve
ve
e
av
ve
ve
e

o

celebration
celebration
elebratio
elebratio
celebration
eleb
el
lebration
lebr
lebratio
ce
celeb
elebrat
elebration
le
elebrat
eb
eb
b
celebratio
celebrati
elebration
elebration
le
le
ebr
brat
b atio
lebratio
ebr
ebr
bration
r
b at
ration
at
t o
io
on
on

es
ues
ues
ues
ue
e
ues
es
es
es
s
ue
es

t
at
t
at
at
at
at
at
at
at
at
at
a

product
product
pro
produc
product
prod
odu
produ
produc
roduc
d
product
product
product
rodu
product
od
d
rod
duc
produc
product
rod
du
odu
od
duct
duc
p
du
uc
ct
duc
uc
ct
ct

en
en
en
en
en
en

9

analy
analyzed
analyzed
nalyzed
analyze
analyzed
analyze
naly
n
analyzed
analyze
nalyze
alyzed
alyzed
alyzed
l
analyzed
analy
naly
aly
lyzed
yzed
yz
nalyzed
na
alyzed
alyze
zed
alyzed
ly
y
d
ze
e
yze
ed
story
or
tory
ory
sto
st
tory
tory
sto
stor
to
tory
ory
ory
ry
st
st
tory
ory
or
ry
ry
y
ry
st
st
to
ory
y
ory
y
ry
y

story
tory
story
story
tor
story
story
st
t
story
stor
t
sto
or
ry
story
tor
ry
ory
y
story
ory
ory
y
ory
y

hi
histo
history
hi
isto
hist
histor
hi
is
history
hist
hi
isto
is
story
st
t
sto
history
hi
isto
istory
st
tory
to
o
histo
hi
is
st
to
or
r
ory
his
is
stor
tory
ory
ry
ry
y
to
or
ry
ry
y
tory
y
or
ry
y

2002
200
200
200
20
0
200
0
20
00
00
02
02
2002
20
00
02
02

kno
knows
knows
kn
know
kn
knows
nows
no
no
knows
kn
kn
no
ow
now
nows
no
ow
ws
ows
ow
ws
ows

e
be
be
be
be
be
b

sends
s
ends
end
nds
s
en
sends
send
end
end
d
sends
nds
ds
s
nd
ds
s
ds
make
ma
m k
make
make
m k
ake
k
ma
ak
k
ma
ak
ke
e
ake
ke
e

exhi
exh
exh
exhib
e h
xhibit
hibit
exhib
xhib
xh
hi
hib
ex
xh
xh
hi
exhib
hib
bit
bi
xhib
xhib
xh
hib
bi
bi
it
hibit
t
exh
hi
hibit
it
t
xhibit

an
an
anni
an
an
ann
nni
nni
an
nn
ann
n
anni
i
a

dissertation
dissertatio
disserta
dissertation
dissertation
dissertat
di
issertatio
s ert
dissertat
dissertatio
dissertati
issertation
ss
ss
dissertat
dissertation
dis
di
issertati
sertatio
er
rta
is
ssertat
sertatio
ertat
rt
ert
ta
tati
ati
io
o
io
on
n
on
n

finished
fin
finished
fi
finished
in
nis
nished
fini
finished
inish
nis
nish
shed
finished
fi
finished
is
is
ished
inishe
h
nished
hed
nished
is
sh
he
ed
ed
he
ed
hed
ed
d

2 4
2 4
2 4
4
2-4
2 4
4
2 4
2-4
2-4
2-4
2-
2-4
4

of
of
f
of
of
o

of
f
of
of
f
of
f
of
of
of
of
of
f
of
of
of
o

annu
an
annual
ann
nnua
nnu
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5
15
2015
20
01
2015
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2015
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old
old
ld
ld
ol
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d
ol
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has
as
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ev
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t
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asso
assoc
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ssociates
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associates
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hoffert
rt
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energize
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berati
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liberation
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many
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ma
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ma
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slow
slo
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your
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bb
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rvivor
survivors
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t

oswiec
w

rch
marc
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hi
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m
h m
h

hey
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maki
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ki
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ng
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g
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ng
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ng
ng
ng
g
ng
ng
ng
ng
ng
ng
ng
ng
g
ng
ng
ng
g
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texas
texas
exa
xa
xa
as
exas
exas
te
exas
xas
a
texas

41
41
41
41
41
41
41
41
4

engage
engag
engage
ngag
engag
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engage
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ag
age
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g
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g

rry
marry
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ma
mar
a
mar
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mar
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ry
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y

ons
s
tutions
tut
ution
ti
ti
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on
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s
tutions
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s
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fi
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st
t
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t
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air
wheelchairs
wheelchairs
s
elch
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h
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lcha
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if
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mo
o
most
most
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t
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most
t
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s
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t
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st
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m

th
them
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them
m
the
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them
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them
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th
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the
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the
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th
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the
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h
the
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cover
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story
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as
s
as
as
s
as
a

large
large
arg
ge
ge
large
large
lar
arge
g
arge
large
arge
e
arg
g

irthright
rthrigh
h
birthright
birthright
hr
h i
birthright
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birthright
t
bi t
birth i
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gh
ht
t
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birt
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birthri
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ht
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ght
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b
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g
ig
gh
gh
ht
right
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birthrigh
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birth
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bi th
birthrig
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birt
g
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g

ev
ver
ever
ever
ever
r

cywinski
cywinsk
ki
cywinski
cywinsk
ywinsk
in
cywins
ywins
sk
ki
cyw
cy
ywin
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cywin
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sk
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rael
r
israe
ael
srael
israel
is ae
srael
sra
sra
srae
srael
srae
el
ra
a

auschwitz
uschwitz
chwitz
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h
uschwit
auschwitz
auschw
chw
uschw
auschwit
auschwitz
auschwi
uschwitz
uschwitz
auschwitz
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au
uschwitz
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uschwit
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chwit
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auschwi
witz
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uschwi
w
uschw z
auschw
usch
ausch
h
schwi
schwitz
z
aus
au ch
hw
w
aus
au

september
septem
epte
emb
tem
ptem
mb
b
embe
embe
er
er
ember
septe
eptemb
pt
tember
em
septem
m
septemb
eptemb
be
eptember
mbe
er
september
septemb
ept
ptemb
mbe
e
ptember
r
sep
pte
te
ptem
mbe
e
epte

s
news
new
ws
s
ws
s
new
ew
w
new
ws
news
news
ew
ws

s
news
w
new
w
new
w
news
news
news
s
ws
new
new
e
news
w
ew
ew
new
ws
news
news
ws
news
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w
ews
s
n ws
new
ws
new
ne

but
but
t
bu
ut
bu
ut
ut
t
b

ge
e
page
pag
pa
page
ag
ge
ge
e
pag
ge
page
pa
pa
age
ag
ge
pag
ge
pag
ag

page
p g
pag
ge
e
page
pa
age
age
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pag
pa
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pag
page
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pa
ag
age
pag
age
p g
p g

pag
a
pag
ag
pag
pag
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page
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ag
ag
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page
page
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p ge
page
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page
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age
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ag
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p g

re
re
are
ar
r
are
e
are
e
ar

are
e
ar
are
e

are
ar
re
e
are
ar
re

wide
ide
de
id
id
d
wid
de
de
wid
de
wid
de
e
wid
id
de
e
wid
wid
w d

throug
rough
h
gh
through
hrou
rou
ug
ug
g
rough
hrough
through
hrough
hro
ou
ugh
ugh
h
th
hrou
roug
o
throug
g
hrough
h
th
hro g

t
roperty
property
property
property
rope
pert
pe
propert
t
property
ty
operty
rop
proper
prope
oper
rt
pert
roperty
ty
ty
y
roperty
opert
per
op
perty
op
pe
e
property
erty
oper
proper
proper
opert
ropert
perty
roperty
roperty
roperty
property
y
propert
pro
prope
proper
o
property
pe
prope
er
propert
property
erty
property
pr
roper
ope
ope
per
r
oper
rt
t
roperty
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property
property
pro
proper
rt
propert
ty
y
p operty
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p
ope
property
roper
rt
ty
ty
y
p ope y
prop
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y
y
p
p
y
p

property
property
t
erty
t
property
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prop
propert
rty
rt
t
perty
ty
rty
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property
y
erty
pert
e
prope
erty
property
roper
per
rt
propert
property
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property
roperty
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property
pr
propert
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property
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ope
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t
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y
pr
roperty
o
pro
proper
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perty
p
prope
erty
y
property
rope
e y
property
prope
pe
erty
y
pro
ope
prope
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p op
y
pr p
p

scarf
f
scarfs
sca
carfs
carfs
s
arfs
scarfs
sca
sc
ca
arf
rf
fs
fs
s
sc
ca

longo
ngo
long
ongo
ongo
long
ongo
ng
go
o
lon
ong
go
go
o
lo
ong
go
o
g

sater
sater
sate
sater
t
sater
te
e
ater
sate
sat
at
sat
te
er
a
sate
ate
er
sat
te

s

p

he
he
the
the
h
th
the

nazi
naz
nazi
naz
naz
naz
naz
nazi
i
naz
azi
na
az
z
azi
nazi
naz
zi
naz
zi
i
a

he
he
he
e
he
he
he

mus
l
musical
music
music
musica
i
musica
usical
si
i al
musi
musi
music
sic
cal
musical
us
s ca

estauran
restaurants
aurant
estaurants
urants
restaurants
st
stau
restaurants
aurant
an
staurant
ts
s
rest
staurants
s
est
taurant
a
estau
ura
a
staurant
resta
stauran
ta
restaura
a
r sta

9
experts
experts
xperts
xperts
experts
pert
t
experts
experts
xperts
experts
per
r
expert
rt
pert
ts
rts
s
erts
exper
exp
perts
e
experts
er
expert
expert
expert
ts
s
perts
s
xperts
ex
xp
xp
xpert
per
xper
xper
ert
pert
ts
s
experts
xperts
expe
xpe
experts
r s
ex
xperts
pe
pe
er
perts
s
exp
xper
perts
erts
ex
xper
pert
t
ex
xp
exp
p
e p

op
o l
ople
ople
op e

os
os
los
los
os
s
os
s
los
s
os

hen
cohen
cohen
h
cohen
cohen
co
ohen
oh
he
en
co
coh
oh
he
en
n
co
oh
he
en
n
co
oh
co

ad
ad
d
ad
ad
d
ad
ad
ad
d
ad
d
ad
d
ad
ad
ad
d
ad
d
ad
ad
ad
ad
d
ad
ad
ad
ad
d
ad
ad
ad

as
s
was
wa
wa
as
s
w

ning
wakening
wakening
awakening
k
awakeni
ning
ening
g
awake
wake
k
awakeni
awaken
wakening
ening
awakening
ken
nin
wakening
nin
kening
awakeni
wakening
wakenin
awak
a
wakening
keni
kening
n n
aw
wa
ak ning
g
awakening
aw
wa
ak
ke
ng
awaken
g

foundat
d t
foundation
at
oundat
ndati
i
oundatio
undation
ndation
foundation
datio
foundation
oundation
ndation
d
ndat
foundation
io
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0
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strong
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older
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anniversar
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hi
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mat
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publication
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shevat
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hevat
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ev
va
she

36
36
36
36
36
36
6
36
36
36
36
hi
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k
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on
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renaissance
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wit
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2
12
12
12
2

changed
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re
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michigan
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90
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trip
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previously
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1 1
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in

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crowd
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millio
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millio
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million
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schwit
auschwitz-birkena
auschwitz-birkena
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auschwitz-birke
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hwitz-birk
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1 1

As the Nazis marched through Eastern Europe, they concentrated Jews into ghettos. The 
largest ghetto was in Warsaw, the capital of Poland. 

 

The article in this issue of the Jewish News spoke the difficulty of reporting the facts from 
Nazi occupied territories. Historians now believe there were about 400,000 Jews in the 
Warsaw Ghetto. The story inside also stated that after several mass deportations and 
murders “nary a Jew” was left in the ghetto. We now know there were about 13,000 Jews 
that remained. 

 

Those that remained rose-up and fought against the full might of the German Army from 

April 19 to May 16, 1943. Though they were eventually defeated, the Warsaw ghetto 

uprising was a huge moral victory for the Jews suffering under Nazi oppression. 

hope 

.

The Holocaust Unfolds

Monday, January 27, 2020
7-9pm 
Second Floor of the Mardigian Library

This exhibit showcases the coverage of WWII by 
the Detroit Jewish News, and its predecessor, the 
Detroit Jewish Chronicle. Topics include Nazi atroc-
ities, the role of Detroit in the war, resistance, and 
life after the war.

Exhibit Opening