46 May 16 • 2019
jn

Looking Back

A Look Back at the New York Times:

B

y now, I am willing to bet that 
you have seen and/or have read 
about the nasty cartoon that 
was published in the New York Times’
International print edition on April 25, 
2019. As the New York Times itself rec-
ognized, it was “an appalling political 
cartoon.
” Indeed. The Times issued two 
apologies, and stated, “In 
the 1930s and the 1940s, 
the Times was largely 
silent as anti-Semitism 
rose up and bathed the 
world in blood. That 
failure still haunts this 
newspaper.
” 
The Times’
 self-de-
clared silence in the 
midst of the rise of 
anti-Semitism in the 1930s and 1940s 
is intriguing from a historical point of 
view. This was an era when the Detroit 
Jewish News and the Detroit Jewish 
Chronicle, and other Jewish media sourc-
es like the Jewish Telegraphic Agency, 
had stories nearly every week citing the 
rise of Hitler and the Nazis, their rotten 
laws and despicable treatment of Jews, 
as well as other groups, culminating in 
the Holocaust. It is hard to believe that 
the Times could remain relatively un-en-
gaged with these stories. 
So, I decided to see what I could find 
on this subject in the William Davidson 
Digital Archive of Jewish Detroit History. 
Arthur Horwitz, executive editor/pub-
lisher of the JN, and I thought we might 
find an editorial or two on the subject, 
especially because Philip Slomovitz, leg-
endary founding editor of the JN, was no 
shrinking violet. He was not shy about 
addressing anti-Semitism whenever and 
wherever he found it. But, in the archive, 
there are thousands of pages that cited 
“Slomovitz” and/or New York Times and/
or “anti-Semitism.
” It was a needle-in-
the-haystack search. Sometimes, the 
archive just has too much information 

(this is a good thing!) However, it is also 
full of surprises.
I did find a reprint of a quotation from 
the Times condemning Nazi anti-Semi-
tism and atrocities in the Dec. 12, 1942, 
issue of the JN. The Times was not com-
pletely silent during this era.
But more interesting stories were 
about the Times publisher, Arthur Hays 
Sulzberger, being an “avowed” anti-Zi-
onist as stated in an editorial in the Nov. 
11, 1942, issue of the JN. One of the 
main criticisms of Sulzberger was that 
he would not support the formation of 
a Jewish Army — an army of Jews from 
around the world — to fight the Nazis. 
The question was: Did this make him an 
“anti-Zionist?” 
It just so happened that I just fin-
ished reading Racing Against History
(New York: Encounter, 2018) by Rick 
Richman. This is an interesting read, 
thoroughly researched using previously 
unpublished sources, and very readable. 
It is the story of three main proponents 
of Zionism before there was an Israel 
in 1948: David Ben-Gurion, Vladimir 
Jabotinsky and Chaim Weizmann — the 
leaders of the left, right and center of 
Zionism at that time. 
In 1940, each of these giants of 
Zionism, on separate excursions, came 
to America for several months to try to 
convince the pubic and civil authorities 
to raise a Jewish army to fight Hitler. 
By this time, the events leading to the 
Holocaust were unfolding, and Great 
Britain was virtually alone fighting the 
Nazis.
Racing Against History is ultimately a 
story of failure. Unlike WWI when there 
was a Jewish Legion (both Jabotinsky 
and Ben-Gurion were members of the 
Legion), a Jewish Army never material-
ized. 
Thousands upon thousands of Jews, 
however, did fight the Nazis but in the 
armies of the U.S., Great Britain, Russia 

and other nations. But, 
America was greatly 
divided in 1940 with a 
large percentage of the 
population still isola-
tionist, wishing to stay 
out of foreign entan-
glements. Of course, 
most of these folks changed 
their minds after the Japanese attack on 
Pearl Harbor. 
But, in 1940, plenty of American 
Jews did not believe in supporting a 
Jewish Army, nor did all Jews at the time 
support the Zionist dream. Sulzberger 
was not alone. But, was he or were they 
anti-Semitic? This is still a question 
without a definitive answer.
I highly endorse Racing Against 

History as a good piece of historical 
writing. And, as always, I recommend 
reading the historic pages of the JN and 
Chronicle for further good historical 
information on the important issues for 
Detroit Jews over the past 100 years. ■

Want to learn more? Go to the DJN 

Foundation archives, available for free at 

www.djnfoundation.org.

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1942
1942
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1942
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down
down
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down
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down
dow
dow
dow
dow
dow
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dow
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week

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da
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da
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dar
r
dare
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da
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da
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da
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dar
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defe
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def
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fensiv
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nsiv
nsiv
ns
nsiv
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nsiv
ns
nsiv
ns
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nsiv
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ns
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ns
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ns
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s
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ns
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v
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ve

her
her
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her
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vol
vol
vol
vol
vol
vol
vol
vol
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vol
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vol
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o
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vo
vo
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vol
vo
vo
vo
vol
vo
vo
vo
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ol
vol
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vol
vol
ol
ol
ol
lk

herr
herr
err
he r
herr
h rr
herr
herr
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rr
herr
he
her
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err
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rr
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rr
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herr
he r
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r
err
err
r
h rr
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envo
envo
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en
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en
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en
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nv
nv
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nvo
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nv
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env
nv
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env
vo
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en
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env
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v lk
lk
lk
lk
lk
k
lk
lk
lk
k
lk
k
lk
lk
lk
k
lk
lk
lk
lk
lk
lk
lk
k
lk
lk
lk
lk
lk
k
l
them
them
hem
them
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them
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he
them
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hem
hem
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h
them
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the
he
hem
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h
the
hem
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hem
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hem
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mse
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lv
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lv
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lv
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hit
hit
hit
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hitler
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hit
hit
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it
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tim
tim
tim
tim
tim
tim
tim
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tim
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t mes
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ese
rese
rese
rese
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rved
rved
rv
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rv
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hit
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he
ey
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hey
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m

they
they
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hey
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the
th
h
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li
if
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li
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th
th
th
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th

the.
the
the
the.
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th
the
the.
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th
th
th
h
the
the
th
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th
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the
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the
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lis
list
list
lis
list
list
list
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s
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l s
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s
list
s
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s
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ist
li
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is

o
cov
cov
co
cov
co
o
co e
ove
v
cove
ove
cove
cov
co
o e
cove
e
ve
cove
ove
cove
cove
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cove
ove
ve
v
co
cov
ov
ove
e
cove
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cove
cove
ve
cove
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e
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e
cove
ve
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cov
cove
v
ove
e
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co
co
cov
ove
ove
co
cov
v
cove
cove
cov
c
e
ov
s
rs
rs
rs
rs
s
rs
rs
s
rs
rs
rs
rs
rs
s
rs
rs
rs
rs
rs
rs
rs
rs
rs
rs
f
s ff
s ff
ff
f
ff
ff
ff
ff
ff
ff
i
s ff
ff
f
ff
ff
ff
i

liv
iv
liv
liv
iv
i
liv
liv
liv
iv
liv
li
iv
iv
v
liv
liv
li
l v
li
li
i
liv
i
liv
v
liv
liv
iv
iv
v
l v
liv
liv
v
l v
iv
v
iv
ves
es
es
es
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es
es
es
es
es
es
es
es
es
es
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jew
jew
jew
jew
jew
jew
jew
je
jew
ew
ew
ew
jew
je
ew
jew
jew
ew
ew
ew
ew
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jew
jew
je
jew
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w
ew
w
je
jew
jew
ew
ew
w
ew
jew
jew
w
ew
jew
jew
je
je
jew
ew
w
je
jew
jew
je
jew
jew
jew
j

naz
naz
naz
naz
naz
naz
naz
naz
naz
naz
naz
naz
az
na
az
naz
naz
naz
naz
naz
z
az
na
na
naz
naz
naz
na
naz
az
naz
naz
naz
naz
naz
z
naz
naz
naz
na
naz
naz
naz
z
na
na
az
naz
z
az
naz
az
az
az
az
naz
naz
az
z
az
naz
z
a
naz
n z
na
na
naz
naz
az
naz
az
az
a i

naz
naz
naz
a
na
a
naz
naz
naz
naz
z
naz
naz
az
naz
az
az
a
naz
naz
z
na
na
az
az
na
naz
z
naz
naz
az
az
z
az
z
naz
naz
naz
naz
naz
az
az
naz
na
naz
naz
a
naz
z
na
na
a
naz
na
na
az
naz
na
az
naz
naz
azi
bj
bj
bj
bj
bj
j
bj
bj
bj
bj
bj
j

naz
naz
naz
naz
naz
na
na
az
naz
naz
naz
naz
naz
naz
az
az
naz
naz
naz
naz
na
na
naz
naz
naz
z
az
az
na
naz
naz
naz
na
az
naz
z
naz
z
naz
az
az
naz
naz
az
z
naz
na
a
na
a
naz
z
naz
a
naz
az
az
naz
naz
z
naz
a
naz
naz
z
naz
az
z
az
na i

at
tha
that
that
that
hat
th
hat
that
th
ha
h t

li
li
i
li
li
li
li
i
li

be
be
be
be
be
e
be
be
be
e
be
be
e
be
be
be
be
e
be
be
be
b

be
be
be
be
be
be
be
be
be
be
be
be
be
be
be
be
be
be
be
be
be
be
e
be
be
be
be
be
e
be
be
be
be
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e
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be
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be
be
be
be
be
be
e
be
be
be
be
be
be
be
be
e
be
be
be
e
be
be
be
be
e
be
be
be
be
be
be
be
be
be
be
be
be
be
be
be
be
be
be
e
be
be
be
be
be
be
be
be
be
e
be
be
be
e
be
be
e
be
be
e
be
be
be
be
be
be
e
be
be
be

be
be
be
be
be
be
be
be
be
be
be
be
be
be
e
be
be
be
e
be
be
be
e
be
e
be
e
be
e
be
be
e
be
be
be
be

be
be
be
be
be
be
be
be
be
e
be
be
e
be
be
be
be
e
be
e
be
be
be
be

be
be
be
e
be
be
be
e
be
be
be
be
be
e
be
be
be
be
e
be
be
e
be
e
b

ste
te
te
te

who
who
who
o
who
who
who
who
who
who
who
who
who
o
who
who
ho
wh
wh
who
who
ho
ho
wh
h
wh
ho
h
who
wh
h
who
ho
ho
ho
ho
o
ho
o
who
o
who
who
who
who
who
ho
who
o
who
h
who
who
h
who

who
who
who
who
who
who
who
who
who
who
o
who
who
h
wh
h
who
who
wh
who
who
who
who
wh
who
who
wh
who
who
h
who
who
who
who
h
who
o
who
who
who
h
wh
wh
wh
who
h
who
who
wh
who
ho
who
who
who
ho
who
o
who
wh
ho
ho
ho
f

culm
culm
culm
culm
ulm
culm
culm
ulm
culm
culm
culm
culm
lm
culm
culm
culm
lm
culm
culm
culm
culm
culm
ulm
culm
ulm
culm
lm
lm
culm
culm
culm
culm
cu
culm
culm
culm
cu
cu
cu
ulm
m
culm
ulm
m
culm
m
cu
culm
cul
culm
culm
m
ulm
ulm
cu
cu
cu
u
culm
m
cu
culm
cu
culm
cul
lm
m
culm
m
ulm
cul
culm
c lm
lminat
inat
in
inat
inat
ina
inat
inat
inat
ina
inat
inat
inat
inat
inat
inat
inat
inat
n
ina
inat
t
in
inat
n
inat
nat
a
nat
nat
nat
ina
inat
na
nat
at
a
na
nat
inat
t
nat
ina
in
na
nat
na
nat
na
a
inat
t
inat
inat
n t
at
at
inat
nat
nat
at
t
nat
at
ina
nat
at
t
in t
ina
in
inat
ina
nat
at
n t
na es
es
es
es
s
es
es
es
es
es
es
es
es
es
es
es
es

eart
eart
eart
eart
art
eart
art
eart
art
eart
eart
eart
art
eart
ear
ear
ar
art
art
r
ear
eart
a
ear
art
rt
r
art
t
eart
r
eart
ar
a
ea
ar
r
art
ar
rt
eart
t
eart
ar
eart
ear
art
t
a t
ear
ear
art
eart
art
th

quotation

thes
thes
thes
thes
thes
hes
thes
the
thes
the
he
he
hes
e
thes
hes
hes
es
es
hes
he
hes
hes
hes
he
hes
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2

e

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japa
japa
japa
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b

y

and
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and
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and
nd
nd
nd
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d
nd
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d

mgt
mgt
mgt
mgt
mgt
mgt
mgt
t
gt
mg
mg
mgt
mgt
mg
mgt
gt
mgt
mgt
mgt
mgt
t
mg
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g
mgt
mgt
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t
mgt
mgt
mg
mg
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t
mgt
mgt
mgt
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t
mg
mg
mgt
t
mg
mg
mgt
gt
t
mgt
gt
t
ere
re
re
re
re
re
r

From the William Davidson Digital Archive of Jewish Detroit History

Mike Smith
Detroit Jewish 
News Foundation 
Archivist

Was it anti-Semitic 
in the WWII era?