46 May 16 • 2019
jn
Looking Back
A Look Back at the New York Times:
B
y now, I am willing to bet that
you have seen and/or have read
about the nasty cartoon that
was published in the New York Times’
International print edition on April 25,
2019. As the New York Times itself rec-
ognized, it was “an appalling political
cartoon.
” Indeed. The Times issued two
apologies, and stated, “In
the 1930s and the 1940s,
the Times was largely
silent as anti-Semitism
rose up and bathed the
world in blood. That
failure still haunts this
newspaper.
”
The Times’
self-de-
clared silence in the
midst of the rise of
anti-Semitism in the 1930s and 1940s
is intriguing from a historical point of
view. This was an era when the Detroit
Jewish News and the Detroit Jewish
Chronicle, and other Jewish media sourc-
es like the Jewish Telegraphic Agency,
had stories nearly every week citing the
rise of Hitler and the Nazis, their rotten
laws and despicable treatment of Jews,
as well as other groups, culminating in
the Holocaust. It is hard to believe that
the Times could remain relatively un-en-
gaged with these stories.
So, I decided to see what I could find
on this subject in the William Davidson
Digital Archive of Jewish Detroit History.
Arthur Horwitz, executive editor/pub-
lisher of the JN, and I thought we might
find an editorial or two on the subject,
especially because Philip Slomovitz, leg-
endary founding editor of the JN, was no
shrinking violet. He was not shy about
addressing anti-Semitism whenever and
wherever he found it. But, in the archive,
there are thousands of pages that cited
“Slomovitz” and/or New York Times and/
or “anti-Semitism.
” It was a needle-in-
the-haystack search. Sometimes, the
archive just has too much information
(this is a good thing!) However, it is also
full of surprises.
I did find a reprint of a quotation from
the Times condemning Nazi anti-Semi-
tism and atrocities in the Dec. 12, 1942,
issue of the JN. The Times was not com-
pletely silent during this era.
But more interesting stories were
about the Times publisher, Arthur Hays
Sulzberger, being an “avowed” anti-Zi-
onist as stated in an editorial in the Nov.
11, 1942, issue of the JN. One of the
main criticisms of Sulzberger was that
he would not support the formation of
a Jewish Army — an army of Jews from
around the world — to fight the Nazis.
The question was: Did this make him an
“anti-Zionist?”
It just so happened that I just fin-
ished reading Racing Against History
(New York: Encounter, 2018) by Rick
Richman. This is an interesting read,
thoroughly researched using previously
unpublished sources, and very readable.
It is the story of three main proponents
of Zionism before there was an Israel
in 1948: David Ben-Gurion, Vladimir
Jabotinsky and Chaim Weizmann — the
leaders of the left, right and center of
Zionism at that time.
In 1940, each of these giants of
Zionism, on separate excursions, came
to America for several months to try to
convince the pubic and civil authorities
to raise a Jewish army to fight Hitler.
By this time, the events leading to the
Holocaust were unfolding, and Great
Britain was virtually alone fighting the
Nazis.
Racing Against History is ultimately a
story of failure. Unlike WWI when there
was a Jewish Legion (both Jabotinsky
and Ben-Gurion were members of the
Legion), a Jewish Army never material-
ized.
Thousands upon thousands of Jews,
however, did fight the Nazis but in the
armies of the U.S., Great Britain, Russia
and other nations. But,
America was greatly
divided in 1940 with a
large percentage of the
population still isola-
tionist, wishing to stay
out of foreign entan-
glements. Of course,
most of these folks changed
their minds after the Japanese attack on
Pearl Harbor.
But, in 1940, plenty of American
Jews did not believe in supporting a
Jewish Army, nor did all Jews at the time
support the Zionist dream. Sulzberger
was not alone. But, was he or were they
anti-Semitic? This is still a question
without a definitive answer.
I highly endorse Racing Against
History as a good piece of historical
writing. And, as always, I recommend
reading the historic pages of the JN and
Chronicle for further good historical
information on the important issues for
Detroit Jews over the past 100 years. ■
Want to learn more? Go to the DJN
Foundation archives, available for free at
www.djnfoundation.org.
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From the William Davidson Digital Archive of Jewish Detroit History
Mike Smith
Detroit Jewish
News Foundation
Archivist
Was it anti-Semitic
in the WWII era?