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February 07, 2019 - Image 18

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The Detroit Jewish News, 2019-02-07
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18 February 7 • 2019
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for
for
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for
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field
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ield
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field
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d
field
field
field
field
fi
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eld
ield
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field
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darin
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perhap
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old
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ld
old
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o d

foll
foll
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jewi
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jewis
jewis
jewis
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jewis
jewis
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jewis
jewis
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th
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facts
facts
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fact
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t
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comme
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mon
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posses
posses
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hav
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two
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wo
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o
two
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lute
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gobs
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a
lease
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toric
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ric
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his
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ino
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s
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h s
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wne
owned
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owned
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owned
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wne
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that
that
t
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h
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th
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lec
lectu
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e t
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ectu
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tr
tr
tr
tr
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tr
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tr
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tr
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tr
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tr
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harmf
harmf
harmf
harm
harmf
armf
rm
harmf
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r
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rm
mf
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m
ar
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mf
armf
a mfully
ully
ully
ully
ully
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ly
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lly
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ul
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ully
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ully
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ully
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l
ull
ly
ly
ull
u y

ou
our
u
ou
u
our
our
our
our
our
ou
ou
ou
ou
ou
ou

europe
europe
euro
europe
europe
urop
europe
europe
europ
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urope
urop
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europ
rope
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uro
europ
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europe
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ope
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europe
europ
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euro
europe
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europe
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rop
op
rope
e
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europ
uro e
urope
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op
urop
u
p
r p
europe
e
p

one
one
on
one
on
ne
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ne
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one
ne
one
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one
ne
ne
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on
one
one
on

o

one
one
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ne
one
one
one
one
one
ne

the
the
the
the
the
the
the
the
the
the
the
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th
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t e

the
the
the
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h
the
the
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t e

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h
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the
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e

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the
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the
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the
the
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the
the
the
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the
the
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t e
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the
e

i

i

becaus
becaus
becaus
becaus
becaus
becau
eca
becau
becaus
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becaus
becaus
becau
beca
becaus
becaus
ecaus
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becaus
aus
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u
becaus
beca
becaus
becaus
au
beca
becau
caus
aus
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becaus
becaus
becaus
b
au
a
ecau
u
becaus
a s
b
s
b caus
becaus
a s
becaus
a
e

er
era
era
er
era
era
ra
era
era
era
era
era
ra
a
era
era
era
e

popul
popul
popul
popul
popu
pul
popul
opu
popu
popul
popul
pop
popu
popu
opu
popul
popu
popul
pu
popu
opu
popul
popul
popu
pop
popul
pop
popu
u
pul
u
pop
pop
po
popu
popu
popu
opul
po
po
opu
pu
p pu
p p
ar
ar
ar
ar
ar
ar
ar
r
ar
ar
ar
ar
ar
ar
ar
ar
ar
ar

was
was
wa
wa
wa
was
as
as
as
was
s
was
wa
was
wa
was
as
was
was
wa

t

achie
achie
achie
achie
chie
achie
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achie
achie
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chi
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ch
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hi
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achie
e
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e
hi
ie
chie
chie
ie
e
chie
hie
hi
hie
achie
ch
c ie
ie
c
veme
vemen
vemen
vemen
vemen
vemen
vem
vemen
eme
eme
vemen
vem
eme
men
vemen
en
veme
eme
eme
vemen
vemen
e
vemen
veme
ve
veme
vemen
me
eme
me
me
m
veme
eme
eme
vemen
e
veme
m
vem
vemen
en
vemen
vemen
e
men
vemen
eme
vemen
eme t

lay
lay
lay
lay
lay
lay
y
ay
ay
lay
lay
lay
lay
lay
ay
ay
ay
ay
ay
lay
lay
lay
ay
ay
lay
lay
lay
ay
lay
y
ay
lay
ay
ay
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lay
la
lay
lay
lay
ay
y
lay

lay
lay
ay
a
lay
lay
ay
ay
la
lay
lay
lay
ay
lay
lay
lay
a
la
ay
a
lay
ay
ay
ay
ay
lay
ay
ay
lay
la
ay
lay
ay
a
lay

three
three
three
h
thre
hree
three
hree
hre
hree
hree
ree
three
hree
th
three
hre
hree
ree
hree
hree
ree
hree
ree
r e
h
th
e
h

under
under
under
unde
nder
er
der
d
nd
unde
under
nder
und
nder
under
e
under
und
nder
under
nder
under
under
nde
nd
un
nder
nder
de
nder
und
under
der
er
er
er
nder
un
under
nde
nde
de
nder
nder
nde
nde
nde
er
nde
nde
de
e
nde
e
nd
der
r
nde
e
n
un
under
der
a
stand
stand
stand
stand
stand
stand
stan
tand
tan
a
stand
stand
stand
d
stan
tand
stan
t
sta
stan
stand
stand
stand
stand
stan
stand
ta
an
ta
stan
stan
n
stand
stand
st
ta
stan
t
sta
sta
tan
stan
stand
d
stan
stan
sta
stand
ta
an
nd
stan
st n
stand
stan
n
tan
nd
stand

resul
resu
resul
resul
resu
resul
esul
resu
resu
resul
resu
resu
res
resu
esu
resu
esu
esu
resul
resul
resu
resu
resu
resul
resul
resu
resu
esul
resu
resu
sul
ul
resul
resu
esu
esul
esul
esu
resu
resu
resu
s
resu
esul
esu
re
resu
u
resu
resu
esul
su
resu
u
resu
re
resu
r sul
ulting
ting
ting
ting
ting
ting
ting
ting
ting
ting
ting
tin
ting
ng
ting
ing
ing
ng
n
ting
g
ting
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i
ting
ting
ng
ting
ting
ting
ting
tin
in
in
ti
ing
ng
ting
in
ing
ting
i g
ting
g

does
does
doe
doe
do
does
oes
oe
o
does
does
oe
does
es
es
does
does
does
oe
do
do
does
oes
does
does
oes
oes
oes
does
does
es
d e
does
does
does
oe
o

does
does
does
oes
es
oes
does
o
does
does
does
does
does
does
es
oes
do
does
does
o
doe
does
does
o
doe
does
does
oes
doe
do
does
oes
does
does
do
do
oes
e
oes
do
doe
oes
d
s
doe
oe

does
does
does
doe
does
oe
does
es
doe
oes
es
doe
oe
does
does
does
oe
o

numbe
num
numbe
numb
numbe
numbe
numbe
numbe
mb
num
m
umbe
numbe
num
numbe
num
numbe
numb
numbe
numbe
umbe
u
numb
mb
numbe
numbe
m
numbe
numbe
m
numbe
numbe
umbe
numbe
numbe
um
numbe
mbe
umbe
e
numb
numbe
numbe
m
numbe
num
num
um
numbe
numbe
numbe
mbe
mb
numb
umb
numbe
numbe
um
mbe
numbering
ring
ring
ring
ring
in
ring
n
ring
ring
rin
rin
rin
ri
rin
rin
rin
n
rin
rin
rin
in
r n
rin
ring
rin
in
i
rin
n
in
ing
n

socie
socie
socie
socie
socie
socie
ocie
socie
socie
socie
socie
socie
ocie
soci
socie
so
ocie
ocie
ocie
soc
cie
ie
ocie
e
socie
socie
socie
socie
ocie
oc
cie
cie
i
ocie
ocie
ocie
ocie
ocie
ocie
ie
ocie
socie
ocie
oc e
socie
o e
o
soc e
ie
oc e
soc
ocie
ocie
e
ocie
c
oc e
o
ty
ty
ty
ty
ty
ty
ty
ty
ty
ty
ty
ty
ty
ty
ty
ty
ty
ty
y
ty
ty
ty
ty
ty
y
ty
y
ty
ty
y

neve
neve
neve
neve
nev
eve
never
never
never
eve
ve
v
never
ever
e
ne
neve
eve
ve
ve
never
ne er

never
never
neve
neve
eve
ev
eve
neve
never
v
never
er
never
never
never
ne
e
neve
eve
ver
ne
neve
never
er
ever
r
nev

could
could
could
ld
oul
ould
ou
could
uld
could
cou
could
u
ould
could
d
could
could
cou
oul
o
could
d
could
oul
ould
ould
d
ould
ould

bu
but
but
bu
but
but
u
bu
but
but
but
u
bu
bu
but
ut
bu
but
t
but
ut
t
but
ut
but

but
but
but
bu
bu
but
bu
bu
but
t
but
but
bu
but
but
but
but
ut
but
ut
b t
but
but
ut
but
bu
u

world
world
wor
world
world
world
ld
l
worl
worl
world
world
world
o
wo
world
world
wo ld
worl
world
world
wo l
or
world
world
world
ld
world
orl
wo
wo
wo
world
worl
world
wor
wo
world
world
rld
l
world
o d
o

world
world
worl
worl
wo
world
worl
o
worl
orld
orld
worl
rl
world
d
world
d
world
orld
d
world
world
world
wor
wor
world
orl
world
orld
world
world
d
world
wo
world
d
l
w
l

worl
worl
wor
worl
worl
wor
worl
worl
wo
wor
orl
worl
worl
worl
worl
worl
orl
or
worl
wor
worl
wor
wor
worl
worl
wor
wor
wor
wor
worl
l
wo
wo l
rl
w rl
w rl
wor
r d

world
world
world
orld
world
orld
world
world
world
r
world
ld
orld
rld
world
world
world
world
world
world
world
world
ld
rld
r
world
wo
orld
wo
o
wor d
wor d
world

sligh
sligh
sligh
sligh
lig
sligh
sligh
sligh
sligh
slig
igh
sligh
sligh
sligh
sligh
sligh
sligh
h
gh
sligh
igh
sligh
lig
gh
sligh
sligh
g
ligh
sligh
sligh
lig
g
lig
g
sligh
ligh
gh
sl g
igh
igh
h
lig
slig
gh
h
gh
h
gh
lig
gh
gh
l h
slight

jacob
jacob
jacob
jacob
jacob
jacob
jacob
jacob
acob
acob
jaco
aco
acob
acob
acob
acob
acob
acob
jacob
jacob
jacob
acob
acob
acob
jacob
acob
acob
ob
jacob
jacob
acob
c
aco
acob
aco
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cob
aco
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b
jacob
acob
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c
aco
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b
ac
aco
ac
acob
a
s

open
open
open
ope
open
op
open
ope
open
pen
pe
ope
e
ope
pe
e
pen
pen
n
ope
open
open
ope
p
open
en
en
n
open
open
p n
open
n
open
ope
ope
pen
pen
n
pen
n
open
ope
open
open
en
en
en
p

n
open
open
ope
ope
open
open
pen
pe
pe
e
ope
open
pen
open
open
e
open
open
op
pen
en
open
op
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of
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of
of
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of
of
of
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of
of
of
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of
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f
of
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of
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of
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of
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f
of
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of
of
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of
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of
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of
of
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of
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of
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of
f
of
f
of
f
o

cent
cent
ent
cen
ent
cent
en
cent
en
cent
t
cent
cent
ent
ent
ce
en
cent
en
en
cent
cent
ent
ent
n
cen
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t
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cen
cent
cent
cent
cent
cent
t
n
cent
cent
cent
n
cent
ce
cen
cent
cen
cen
cent
cent
cen
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cent
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ent
cent
cen
cen
cent
cen
cent
n
cen
nt
ce
cent
n
cen
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nt
nt
cent
cent
nt
cent

se
se
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see
see
ee
se
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see
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see
see
se
se
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see
se
see
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see
see
see
see
see
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see
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see
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see
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e
mea
me
me
mea
mea
e
me
ea
ea
mea
mea
mea
mea
ea
mea
ea
mea
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use
u e
s
use
s
use
use
use
use
us
use
se
se
e
use
u e
use
u

h
th
than
than
than
than
than
han
h
th
ha
than
h
than
than
han
than
than
than
ha
han
than
than
than
than
h
than
ha
ha
tha
ha
a
han
th
tha
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tha
tha
tha
tha
th
tha
ha
ha
than
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tha
than
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than
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tha
ha
than
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tha
ha
tha
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ha
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ha
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ha
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th
tha

i

xami
exami
xam
exami
exam
exam
xami
xami
xami
xami
xam
xami
xam
exami
exam
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xam
xam
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xam
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xami
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m
xam
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xa
xam
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am
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ner
ne
ner
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ne
ner
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ne
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ne
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ner
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murder
murder
murder
d
murde
ur
murde
murde
murder
murder
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e
murder
mur
mu d
murder
murder
murder
murder
murder
d
murde
murde
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d
murder
murde
urder
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murde
murd
murd
mur
murde
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mur
murd
murde
murder
murde
murd
murd
murder
rd
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murde
murde
murder
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d r
m
der
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m

lens
en
len
lens
lens
lens
ens
en
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en
lens
e
lens
ens
ens
lens
en
len
lens
lens
n
ens
s
ens
lens
s
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jew
jew
jew
jew
jew
jew
jew
jew
jew
ew
je
jew
ew
jew
jew
jew
w
jew
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ew
w
je
jew
w
je
jew
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ew
ew
ew
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w
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jew
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w
j
their
their
heir
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the
h

jew
jew
jew
ew
jew
jew
jew
ew
jew
jew
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jew
jew
jew
ew
jew
jew
jew
jew
ew
ew
ew
ew
jew
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jew
je
jew
jew
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repea
repea
repea
repea
repea
repea
repea
rep
repe
ea
repea
repea
repe
repe
epea
repea
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repea
pea
pea
repea
repea
repea
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repe
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repe
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pea
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repe
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repe
repe
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r pea
p a
p
ting
ting
ting
ting
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ting
ting
ting
tin
ing
tin
ting
tin
ng
tin
ting
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in
in
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ting
ing
g
ti
ing
ng
g
ing
in
ng
ting
in
n
t
g

st
st
st
st
st
st
st
st
st
st
s

ject
ject
ec
ect
ject
ject
ject
ect
ject
jec
ect
ject
ject
jec
ec
ect
ject
t
ject
ect
ect
ect
ct
ject
ject
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ject
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ect
ject
ect
ct
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ec
je
jec
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je
je
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jec
ject
ect
t
e t
ect
j

slow
slowl
slowl
slow
slow
slow
lowl
owl
slow
ow
slowl
wl
slowl
low
low
slowl
slowl
low
ow
slow
w
lo l
slow
slow
slow
slow
wl
w
ow
s owl
owl
o
slow
w
slow
ow
ow
slow
ow
ow
slo
low
ow
s o
slowl
ow
owly

japan
japan
japan
apan
apa
japan
apan
apan
japan
pan
pan
apan
apan
pan
pan
pa
pan
pa
pan
pan
pan
pan
pan
apan
pa
apa
pan
apan
apan
pa
pa
pan
pan
pa
apa
pan
pan
p
apan
apan
n
pan
p n
apan
apan
pa
pa
apan
nese
ese
ese
ese
ese
ese
ese
ese
es
ese
ese
ese
se
ese
ese
es
ese
ese
ese
es
ese
ese
ese
ese
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se
ese
ese
se
se
se
es
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se
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ese
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ese
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se
ese
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isli
dis
dis
disli
disl
isli
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disli
dis
disli
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s
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disli
disli
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disli
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disli
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disli
disli
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disli
disli
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dis
disli
dis
i
disli
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di
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s i
dis
dis
disli
sli
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s
disli
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disliked
ke
ked
ked
ked
ke
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ke
ke
ked
ked
ked
ked
ked
ked
ked
ked
ked
ked
ked
ked
ked
ked
ked
ked
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d
ked
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d
ke
ke
k d
ked
ked
ked
ke
e
ked

disli
disli
disli
disli
disli
dis
disli
is
disli
disli
isli
disli
disli
disli
di
di
dis
disli
sl
disli
d sli
s
dis
is
disli
d s
disli
s ked
ked
ked
ked
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ked
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ked
ked
ked
ked
ked
ked
ked
ked
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ke
ke
ked
ked
ke
ked
ked
ked
ed
k d
k d
ked

indust
indust
indust
indust
indust
ndus
dust
dust
d
ndust
indust
ndust
indust
dus
dust
indust
ndu
ndust
ndus
dus
dus
dust
st
ust
st
ndus
ind
n
indust
du
du
du
du
ust
dust
indust
ndust
dust
t
dust
ust
t
ndust
d st
indus
dust
ust
du
ry
ry
ry
ry
ry
ry
ry
ry
ry
ry
ry
y
ry
y
ry
y
ry
ry
ry
ry
y
ry
ry
y
ry
ry
ry
y
ry
y

dea
idea
idea
idea
ea
ide
de
idea
dea
dea
ea
d a
dea
dea
idea
idea
idea
idea
dea
dea
idea
de
dea
dea
a
d a
dea
d

tain
tain
tain
tain
tai
ain
tain
tain
tain
tai
tai
tai
tain
tai
in
i
tai
tain
tain
ain
tain
tain
ta
ain
ain
in
tai
tain
t in
ai
a

mu
mu
mus
mus
mus
mu
mus
u
mus
mus
mus
mu
mu
mu
mu
u
mus
mus
us
mus
mus
s
mu
u
mu
mus

ignora
ignora
ignora
gnora
nora
gnora
gnora
gnora
gnora
gnora
gnora
gnora
gnora
gnor
nora
n
gnora
gnora
gnor
nora
gnora
gnora
gn
gn
nor
gno
gnora
ra
gnora
gnora
a
gno
gn
no
nor
n
gno
gno
ora
gn
nora
n
a
nora
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g
nt
nt
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t
nt
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t
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t
nt
t
nt
nt
nt
n

ignor
ignor
ignor
igno
ignor
ignor
ignor
ignor
gnor
gnor
gnor
gno
ignor
gnor
ignor
nor
gnor
gn
nor
ign
gnor
igno
gnor
gnor
gnor
gnor
gnor
n
ignor
no
gnor
gnor
ignor
gnor
gno
ignor
no
or
i nor
no
g
ant
ant
ant
ant
ant
ant
an
an
an
ant
an
an
an
an
an
an
an
an
an
n
an
ant
an
an
an
an
n
an
an
a t
n

every
every
every
every
every
ev
every
very
very
very
ery
ery
every
every
e
ever
er
every
ery
very
every
ry
y
very
every
ery
ery
eve
every
y
every
every
ery
ery
ever
very
y
e y

every
every
every
every
every
every
very
ever
every
y
ever
every
ev
every
very
ver
very
ver
ver
r
every
very
y
very
eve
eve
ever
ver
very
ver
e
eve
er
r
very
e
r
every
y
e
ry

ent
t
gent
gen
gent
n
gen
gent
ge
e
gen
gent
en
en
gent
gen
gent
gent
gent
gen
gent
ge
ge
ent
gent
gent
ge
ent
gent
gen
en
en
gen
ge
gent
ge
g

f

jewis
jewis
jewis
jewis
wis
ewis
ewis
ewis
ewis
wis
ewis
ewis
ewis
ewis
i
ewis
ew
e
s
ewis
ew
ewi
ewis
ewis
ewi
ewis
wis
ewi
ewi
ewis
wis
ewis
ewis
s
ew
ew
ewi
ewis
ewi
ewis
w s

life
life
life
life
ife
life
ife
life
life
f
life
life
fe
life
lif
fe
l fe
fe
fe
fe
life
f
l fe
fe
fe
e
life
fe
fe
e
fe

unn
cunni
cunni
cunni
cunni
cunni
cunn
cunni
cunni
cunni
cunni
unni
un
unn
unn
unni
unni
unni
cunni
cunni
unn
cunni
cunni
unn
unni
cunni
cunn
u
cunni
unn
nn
nni
unn
cunni
n
unni
ni
cunni
un
unni
cun
cunni
unn
ni
nni
cunn
n
cunni
unn
nn
cu
cunn ng
ng
ng
ng
ng
ng
ng
ng
ng
ng
ng
ng
ng
ng
ng
ng
g
ng
ng
ng
ng
ng
ng
ng
ng
ng
g
ng
g
ng
ng
ng
g

close
close
se
close
close
close
close
o
close
close
lose
close
close
close
close
lose
lo
lo
ose
close
close
clos
close
close
close
ose
s
close
close
clo
close
close
ose
close
close
c ose
cl
c os
o
clos
se
close
clos d

with
with
with
with
with
wit
ith
with
with
with
i
with
with
th
with
i
wit
ith
h
with
it
with
with
i
with
wit
th
h
with
with
with
with
with
w t
with
with
w t

with
with
with
wit
with
wit
with
with
with
with
with
with
ith
with
with
with
wit
wit
wit
wit
th
wit
it
t
with
th
wit
th
ith
w th
ith
h

with
with
with
with
ith
with
with
with
with
with
with
th
wit
wit
ith
with
wit
with
with
th
with
wit
with
h
with
wit
t
with
wit
t
with
i
with
wit
with
wit
wit
wit
th
wit
t
w

civi
civ
civi
civi
civ
civi
i i
civ
civi
civi
civi
i
civi
civi
v
civ
iv
vi
ivi
civi
civ
civi
c v
civ
v
ivi
civ
vi
ivi
iv
c i
v liza
liza
li a
liza
liza
iza
za
iza
liza
liza
a
iza
liza
liza
liza
iza
liza
iza
za
za
iza
z
liza
liza
iza
liza
za
za
liza
iza
iza
za
iza
za
a
liza
a
iza
iza
liza
i a
l za
li
ti
tion
tion
tio
tion
tion
tion
tion
tion
tion
tion
tion
on
tion
on
ion
tio
tion
on
tion
tio
ti
tio
tio
tio
tio
tio
tio
tio
tio
io
tio
tion
tio
t o
tio

an
anal
anal
ana
ana
ana
ana
nal
ana
ana
an
ana
anal
anal
na
an
ana
ana
an
an
nal
l
anal
an
n l
ana
n
anal
n
ana
anal
nal
al
a
l

winner
winner
winne
winn
winner
winne
winner
winne
in
winner
n
winner
n
winner
n
winn
nn
winner
nne
winner
er
nne
winner
inner
ne
ner
winne
winner
winner
winne
nner
er
r
inner
er
n
s

it
it
it
t
it
it
t
it
t
ii

enter
enter
enter
enter
enter
t
nter
ente
enter
ent
ter
enter
nter
enter
enter
enter
nter
nter
nter
ter
t
enter
nter
enter
ent
ent
nt
nt
ter
te
enter
en
nter
t
enter
e te
ter
ent r
ent
nt
t r
en
prise
prise
prise
prise
prise
prise
prise
prise
prise
pris
prise
prise
pris
pr
prise
ri
i
prise
prise
pris
prise
pris
pris
p s
ris
is
is
s
prise
prise
s
pris
prise
prise
prise
se
prise
pris
pris
r
prise

surpri
surpri
surpri
surpri
urpr
urpri
surpri
surpri
surpri
urpri
surpri
surp
urpr
surpri
rpri
rpr
urpr
rpr
rp
surpri
surpri
urpri
su
surpri
ur
surpri
urpri
su
urpr
urpr
r
urpr
urpr
surpri
surpri
surpr
u
surpri
urpr
surpr
urp
pr
ur
rpr
urpr
urpr
ur
urpr
u p se
se
se
se
e
se
se
se
se
se
se
se
se
se
se
e
se
se
e
se
se
e
se
se
se
se
e

befor
b f
befor
befo
befor
befor
befor
efo
befor
for
befor
befo
befor
b f
befor
befor
f
befor
befor
befo
efo
befor
efor
befor
befor
for
for
efor
befor
ef
f
befor
efor
befo
efor
ef
befor
f
befo
befor
r
be o
e or
e
e

lik
ike
iked
iked
liked
ked
ked
ked
ked
ked
ked
iked
ked
iked
liked
like
ik
ike
liked
k
iked
liked
d
ked
ked
liked
liked
ike
iked
ke
like
ed
iked
li ed
ked
ed

nam
nam
nam
name
nam
nam
am
am
name
m
am
nam
ame
m
nam
name
me
e
name
nam
name
nam
am
me
m
name
am
am
m
name
m
am
nam
name
am
m
am

name
name
nam
nam
name
name
ame
am
ame
am
am
name
m
ame
m
nam
m
nam
nam
name
name
name
nam
me
name
ame
ame
me
nam

norm
ma
norma
orma
norma
norm
orma
or
norm
norma
norma
orma
orm
m
orma
m
orm
or
norma
orm
orm
or
rma
orma
m
orma
a
orma
a
norma
nor
o m
orma
n
ma
norma
orma
norma
orma
m ns
s
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
s

runni
i
runni
runni
runn
unn
runni
run
unn
runni
runni
runn
runni
runni
runni
runn
runni
runni
unn
unn
unni
unni
nni
nn
unn
runn
un
unn
unn
unn
unni
un
runn
ni
n
unn
runni
i
runn
ni
i
run
un
nni
ni
unning
ng
ng
ng
g
ng
ng
ng
ng
ng
g
ng
ng
g
ng
ng
ng
ng
ng
g
ng
ng
g
ng
ng
ng
g

yo
yo
yo
yo
o
yo
yo
yo
yo
yo
o
yo
yo
y

w

les
ables
ble
able
b
ables
ables
ble
able
able
able
able
able
able
ables
b
ables
abl
ab e
able
es
ables
ables

boo
boo
o
boo
boo
bo
boo
boo
boo
oo
boo
oo
boo
boo
boo
boo
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cf
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let
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or
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r
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trans
trans
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tra
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s
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n
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tra
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trans
tra
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a sporta
porta
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porta
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po
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claim
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ered
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pr
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foun
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kin
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nigh
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give
give
give
giv
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give
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jew
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p

jew
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aith
ith
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a th
ai

prov
pr
prov
prov
prov
prov
prov
prov
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prov
prov
prov
prov
prov
prov
prov
prov
prov
prov
prov
pro
prov
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prov
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prove
prove
prov
prove
prove
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prove
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prove
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prove
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i

h
th
th
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t
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frid
rid
frid
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frid
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r day
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y
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plant
plant
plant
plant
plant
plant
plant
plan
plant
lant
ant
plant
plant
plant
plan
plan
plan
plant
plant
plant
plant
plant
plant
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la
plant
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t
plant
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plant
n
plan
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plan
plan
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plant
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l
plan
plan
plant
plant
pla
p

weird
weird
weird
weird
weird
we
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wei
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we
e
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d
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d
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d
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e d
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ilen
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ilen
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justi
justi
justi
just
justi
u
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justi
t
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us
s
justi
st
justi
ust
justi
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just
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just
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t
us i
just
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usti
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u
ce
ce
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this
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yet
yet
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16
16
16
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6
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tha
h
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that
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nted
n
d
e

peror
peror
peror
peror
per
peror
ro
eror
per
peror
peror
peror
pero
pero
per
pero
pero
pero
peror
pero
ro
peror
ror
ero
per
r
pero
pero
pero
pero
or
pe
pero
per
per
pe
pero
ero
pero
pero
peror
r
pero
ro
peror
per
pero
pero
ro
p

parag
parag
parag
parag
parag
parag
para
parag
parag
parag
pa
parag
parag
rag
par
parag
parag
para
ag
ag
para
parag
parag
parag
parag
parag
parag
arag
arag
arag
parag
parag
parag
par
pa
pa
parag
par
parag
parag
ag
parag
a
parag
parag
parag
a
parag
para
a
para
parag
parag
parag
g
parag
pa
a
g
parag
p
ag
parag
p
g
r
raph
raph
rap
rap
raph
raph
raph
raph
aph
raph
rap
raph
raph
raph
aph
p
rap
ph
ph
raph
h
raph
raph
raph
raph
raph
aph
raph
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raph
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aph
raph
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raph
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h
raph
rap
rap
aph
ra
ap
aph
ph
rap
rap
ap
ap
rap
raph
ra
rap
ph
rap
rap
rap
p

wi
wil
wil
will
will
l
wil
ill
will
wil
will
wil
ll
will
will
will
wil
will
will
wil
ll
ill
ll
wil
wil
will
l
ill
wi
wil
il
ill
l
l
w ll
wil
will
ll
ll
ll

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wil
will
will
wil
ill
wil
will
wi
wil
l
will
will
l
wil
wil
wi
will
will
will
l
ill
l
will
will
wi
wi
will
ll
will
will
w

epics
epics
epics
epics
ep
epics
epics
epics
pic
epics
epics
pic
pic
pics
epics
epics
epics
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pics
pic
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epics
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p cs
c
pics
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pics
p cs
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pic
pics
pic
pic
pic
c
p
epic
epi
pic
p s
ep s
ep s
cs
s

would
would
would
wo ld
would
wou
would
would
woul
would
would
would
ould
would
would
ould
ld
u
would
would
would
woul
would
ould
uld
would
would
would
would
ould
wo
ould
uld
uld
ould
ould
uld
u
wou
uld
d
would
would
would
ou
would
wou
uld
d
uld
would
oul
would
u
ould
wou d
would
d
ould
o
wou d
u d

toda
toda
toda
toda
toda
oda
d
tod
toda
o
toda
da
tod
toda
tod
toda
tod
to
oda
to
toda
tod
toda
od
tod
tod
toda
tod
d
od
od
oda
toda
toda
oda
oda
d
od
oda
toda
od
da
da
oda
a
oda
to
toda
oda
od
da
a
da
day

know
kno
know
know
know
know
know
ow
know
know
know
know
know
kno
kno
kno
know
know
know
n
know
o
kno
know
know
kno
kno
o
know
ow
ow
know
know
know
ow
know
kno
know
kn
know
no
know
ow
n
know
no
kno
kno
kno
now
o
know
ow
w
o
k ow
k ow

know
know
know
know
now
know
no
now
know
know
now
now
now
know
now
now
now
ow
know
know
know
now
kno
no
ow
kno
know
now
w
now
kno
now
now
know
now
n
know
kno
o
know
now
ow
ow
w
know
now
now
kn w
now
w

publi
publi
publi
publi
b
pub
pub
publ
publi
publi
publi
ubli
publi
pub
ubl
b
pu
publ
pub
publi
publ
publi
publi
publi
publ
ubli
bli
publ
publ
u
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ub
ubl
b
ub
ubli
pub
bli
publi
ubl
bl
ub i
ubli
pub
u li
i
ubl
publi
p
sher
she
sher
sher
sher
sher
her
sh
she
sher
sher
sher
sher
she
she
sher
he
her
sher
she
she
sher
h
sh
sh
h
sh
her
h
she
he
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sher
r
sh
sher
h
she
h
sh
sher
h
sher
r
sh
sher
sher
sher
h
sher
r
sh r
sher

f
if
f
if
f
if
if
if
f
if
if
f
if
f
if
f
if
if
f
if
f
i
if
if
if
if
f
if
if
f
if
f
if
f
if
f
if
i

if
if
f
if
f
if
if
f
if
if
if
if
f
if
f
i

sugge
sugge
sugge
sugge
sug
sugge
sugge
sugge
sugge
sugge
sugge
ge
g
sugge
sugge
sugge
e
ugge
sug
sugge
sugge
sugge
sugge
ugge
sugge
ugge
ug
sugge
sugge
sugg
ugge
ugg
ugg
ge
ugge
e
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sugge
sugge
sugg
sugg
sugge
g
sugge
ugge
e
ge
sugge
gge
ge
ge
g
ugge
ugg
sugg
ugge
sugge
sugg
sugge
sugge
gge
ge
e
gg
gg
gg
g
st
st
t
st
st
st
t
st
st
st
st
st
s

race
race
race
ra
rac
ra
ace
ac
ace
race
ace
ce
e
race
race
race
race
race
ace
ac
ace
race
race
ac
ac
ace
race
ace
c
ace
ace
c
ace
ace
ra
ace
c
ac
ce
e
ace
ce
ace
race
e
race

sta
stat
stat
stat
sta
t
stat
tat
at
at
stat
tat
tat
t
sta
stat
st
stat
t t
sta
at
at
t
sta
stat
tat
tat
ta
ta
tat
t
a
stat
t
at
t
sta
stat
t
stat
s
es
es
es
es
es
es
es
e

worl
worl
worl
worl
wor
wo
wor
orl
r
wor
worl
or
orl
worl
or
worl
wor
wor
wor
worl
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l
wor
worl
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rl
wo
w
d

worl
worl
worl
wo
worl
worl
worl
worl
wo
wor
wor
worl
worl
worl
worl
worl
wo
worl
or
worl
worl
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wor
or
r
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worl
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wor
wor
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or
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wor
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r
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or
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orl
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or
o
wor
or
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wor
orl
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worl
rl
w r d

deser
deser
deser
deser
deser
de
deser
deser
ser
deser
dese
ser
deser
deser
dese
se
deser
deser
ser
ese
dese
de
e
d
r
erves
ves
ves
ves
ves
ves
ve
es
s
v s
ve
ves
es
v
dispu
dispu
dispu
dispu
dispu
isp
ispu
ispu
dispu
dispu
dispu
sp
spu
ispu
isp
spu
isp
dispu
dispu
pu
pu
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spu
spu
p
isp
pu
pu
u
sp
spu
pu
p
ispu
pu
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u
p
sp
pu
pu
dis
d pu
pu
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dispu
d spu
spu
ispu
u
dispu
sp
is
te
te
te
te
te
te
te
te
te
te
te
te
e
te
te
te
te
te
te
e
te
te
te
te
e
te
te
te
te
te
e
te
te
te
e
t

tiles
tiles
tiles
tiles
tiles
iles
tiles
tile
il
tiles
tiles
iles
ile
tiles
tile
tiles
iles
iles
til
ile
e
tiles
tiles
tiles
le
les
es
le
es
iles
iles
tile
tiles
iles
ile
iles
es
tiles
iles
le
ile
e
tiles
ile
e
le
tiles
e
les
es
es
s
les
iles
es
t les
es
es

been
bee
been
been
been
been
n
been
bee
been
een
been
been
be
been
bee
een
been
en
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been
been
ee
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been
ee
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n
een
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n
e
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een
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bee
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be n
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been
been
been
been
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en
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bee
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been
been
been
been
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bee
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been
n
ee
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en
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e
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bee
ee
en
en

henr
henr
henr
henr
henr
henr
henr
e
henr
henr
henr
henr
enr
en
enr
henr
henr
he
henr
enr
enr
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e r
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he
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hen
enr
enr
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nr
nr
r
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r
nr
r
en
enr
henr
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hen
enr
r
h
r
enr
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e r
henr
enr
ry

henr
henr
enr
enr
henr
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henr
henr
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hen
henr
henr
henr
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henr
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nr
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nr
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nr
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nry

henr
henr
henr
henr
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hen
henr
henr
henr
henr
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henr
henr
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hen
en
en
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hen
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nr
en
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en
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r
e
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r
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e r
enr
enry

henr
henr
henr
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e
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hen
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e
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e
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e
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en
nr
r
en
en y

henr
henr
henr
henr
hen
henr
henr
henr
henr
henr
en
henr
henr
henr
henr
he
henr
henr
henr
henr
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e
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en
henr
henr
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nr
enr
henr
henr
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en
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nr
nr
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nr
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hen
henr
en
nr
n
enr
nr
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e
henr
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nr
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ry
w

an
ans
answ
w
an
answ
nsw
an
answ
answ
answ
nsw
s
answ
w
an w
answ
nsw
answ
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an
answ
nsw
nsw
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sw
ns
sw
ans
sw
w
answ
ns
ns
answ
s
answ
answ
n
answ
answ
nsw
swer
er
er
er
e

could
could
coul
could
could
could
could
could
ould
coul
could
cou
could
ould
ould
could
uld
uld
d
could
ld
co
could
co
ould
could
cou
could
could
could
could
could
could
d
could
could
ould
co ld
ou
o
coul
could
u
cou
could
d
co
ou
o l
o ld
ou
oul

could
could
ould
could
could
cou
ou
could
coul
cou
could
co
co
could
could
o
could
oul
oul
could
ould
ul
u
coul
could
coul
coul
ould
d
could
could
oul
o
could
ould
coul
o ld
could
ou
ou
ould
could
ou
ould
uld
could
ould
ou
uld
oul
u
coul
ld
cou
ou d
c
l
o
d

nit
uni
unit
uni
un
unit
unit
unit
ni
unit
nit
unit
unit
it
nit
unit
unit
unit
nit
ni
nit
it
it
nit
t
un
unit
unit
un
nit
nit
t
i
unit
unit
un
ni
ni
n t
nit
nit
unit
i
unit
n t
it
un
n ed
ed
ed
ed
ed
ed
ed
ed
ed
ed
ed
ed
ed
ed
ed
ed
e

kin
kin
kin
kin
kin
kin
kin
kin
kin
kin
kin
kin
kin
kin
kin
kin
ki
kin
kin
kin
n
ki
kin
in
ki
kin
ki
kin
in
kin
kin
in
n
in
ki
kin
n
kin
n
kin
k n
kin
k n
king

perse
perse
perse
pers
perse
perse
perse
pers
perse
perse
perse
perse
pers
perse
perse
perse
perse
perse
perse
perse
rse
perse
erse
erse
e
erse
perse
pers
perse
pe
perse
erse
perse
perse
per
perse
rs
ers
s
ers
se
perse
pers
s
erse
erse
perse
ers
erse
ers
se
se
erse
e
erse
se
ers
rse
ers
rs
s
p
e
e
p
e
p
cutio
cutio
cutio
cutio
cutio
cutio
cutio
cutio
utio
cutio
cutio
cutio
tio
t
cutio
tio
cutio
cutio
cutio
cutio
utio
tio
cutio
cu
cutio
cut
cut
cutio
cutio
cutio
u
cutio
u
cut
cutio
cutio
cutio
o
cutio
cutio
cutio
cutio
o
utio
cutio
cutio
uti
uti
utio
utio
o
utio
cutio
cutio
cutio
cutio
utio
utio
cu o
cutio
o
cutio
cutio
o
utio
cu
u io
o
cutio
o
cu
u on

tive
tive
tive
tive
v
tive
tive
e
tive
tive
tive
tive
tive
tive
tiv
tiv
tive
tiv
iv
tive
tive
tiv
tiv
iv
ve
ve
v
iv
v
tive
ve
tive
tive
ive
ve
iv
iv
ive
ve
ive
iv
ve
ve
e
ve
v
tiv
t ve

views
views
views
views
views
s
ews
view
ew
views
ws
views
view
ews
view
i
views
iew
ews
vie
views
iew
vie
views
views
ews
view
ew
ew
views
ws
view
iew
ew
ews
ews
ews
s
ews
e
views
iew
ews
ew
ew
ews
ews
ew
ews
e s
w

stand
stand
stand
stand
stand
ta
tan
stand
stand
tand
and
and
stand
tand
and
tan
t
d
n
stand
tand
tand
tand
d
stan
stand
tan
tan
and
tan
tand
stan
ta
stand
tand
nd
nd
d
tand
d
tan
an
n
an
nd
nd
stand
sta
a d
standing
n
ing
ng
ng
g
ing
g
ng
ng
ng
ing
ng
ing
g
ing
ing
ng
ing
ing
g
n
ing
ng
ng
ng
g
ing
ing
ng
i

apocr
apocr
apocr
apocr
apoc
apoc
po
apocr
apo
poc
pocr
pocr
pocr
pocr
oc
pocr
pocr
po
poc
poc
ocr
poc
pocr
r
pocr
pocr
pocr
apo
poc
apocr
apocr
po
p
r
ocr
pocr
pocr
apocr
poc
po
po
ocr
ocr
o
apocr
cr
ocr
pocr
pocr
r
po
o
pocr
o
a o r
a o
po
o
po
o
p
yphal
yphal
yphal
yphal
yphal
yphal
yphal
pha
ypha
pha
yphal
ypha
ypha
ypha
ypha
yph
pha
ypha
ypha
ypha
yphal
ypha
yp
ypha
ypha
ypha
ypha
yphal
ypha
ypha
ypha
ypha
pha
pha
ypha
phal
ypha
yph
ypha
ha
yphal
ypha
p
ypha
pha
h
ypha
a
yp
ypha
ypha
h
yph
y h
ph
yph
yp
addin
addin
addin
addi
addin
addin
addi
ddin
dd
d
ddin
din
dd
addin
dd
addin
ddin
in
addin
addi
ddin
din
din
din
din
d
ddin
dd
d
ddin
din
addin
d
addin
din
add
ddin
din
din
d
ddin
din
ddin
i
din
n
addin
ddin
dd
ddin
ddin
di
din
ddin
din
ddin
ddin
din
ddin
d ng

once
once
e
nce
nc
nc
once
once
once
ce
on
once
e
onc
once
nc
onc
once
nc
ce
ce
e
nce
once
ce
on
nce
nce
ce
nce
nce
ce
o ce
once

once
once
once
on
once
nc
once
ce
nc
c
once
once
once
once
onc
nc
once
on
on
onc
once
ce
once
onc
onc
on
onc
nc

least
least
leas
east
east
east
east
least
east
eas
east
east
eas
east
st
ea
east
a
eas
east
east
east
east
eas
as
ast
as
ast
ast
st
ea
as
ast
east
east
as
a
ea
as
ast
st
east
ast
ast
t
east
st
t

ica
ica
ica
ica
ca
ica
ic
ic
ic
ica
ica
ica
ica
ic
ica
c
ica
a
ic
c
ic
c
ic
c
ic
c
ic
c
ic
c
ic
ic
c
ic
ic
ic
ica

belie
belie
belie
belie
belie
belie
belie
beli
elie
belie
belie
belie
beli
belie
belie
bel
elie
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l
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or
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on
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nor
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pages
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them
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wha
what
at
what
what
wha
wha
ha
hat
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what
what
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ha
wha
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what
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what
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what
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what
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what
what
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what
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what
what
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h
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at
what
what
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what
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what
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what
what
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wha
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wha
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jacob
jacob
a
jacob
jacob
acob
jacob
acob
aco
jaco
acob
jacob
acob
acob
acob
co
jacob
acob
cob
b
jacob
jacob
acob
acob
c
acob
cob
acob
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acob
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jacob
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c b
ac
jacob
ja
aco
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co
jac
jaco
j

years
ye
year
years
years
years
yea
years
ears
years
ears
years
years
yea
years
years
years
years
r
years
e
yea
years
years
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years
ears
years
ars
rs
year
years
years
years
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ar
year
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s
yea
ears
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ar
ear
rs
s
years
ye r
ears
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ears
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ye
year
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s
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ye
years
ears
y

cip
cip
cip
cip
i
cip
cip
cip
ip
cip
ci
cip
cip
cip
ip
ip
cip
ip
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cip
cip
cip
cip
cip
p
ip
cip
ci
ci
cip
ci
cip
ci
cip

suf
suf
suf
su
suf
suf
suf
suf
suf
suf
suf
suf
suf
su
suf
su
suf
suf
suf
s f
suf
suf
suf
suf
suf
f
suf
f
suf
f
suf
u
suf
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u
s

1

1

vic
vici
vici
vici
ici
i
vici
ci
ci
vic
c
vici
i i
ici
vici
vici
i
vic
vici
ic
vici
vici
vici
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vic
vici
vic
vici
ic
ici
vi
vic
vic
c
vici
vici
ici
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ci
ici
v
ou
ous
ous
ous
ou
ou
ous
us
u
ous
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ous
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ous
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ous
ou
ou
ou
ous
us
ous
ous
ous
us
ous
ous
ou
ous
s
ous
s
u
ous

cares
care
cares
cares
are
cares
cares
are
r
care
are
cares
care
ares
es
cares
cares
care
care
ca
ar
a
care
car
re
res
e
re
es
res
ares
res
care
cares
e
cares
cares
es
r
cares
cares
e
cares
s
cares
s
re
ares
ca es
res
ca
s

asin
asini
asini
asin
asin
asini
asini
asi i
asini
asini
asin
asin
asini
sini
as
sin
asin
sin
sin
asini
asini
asini
as
sini
asin
n
sin
ni
asini
asini
as
asi
sin
as
asin
n
asin
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asin
ni
asini
ni
asin
n
sini
as
sini
asini
sini
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s
as ni
as
a
nity
nity
nity
nity
nit
nity
nity
nit
nity
y
nity
ty
nity
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ni
ni
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nit
nity
nity
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nit
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ty
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nity
nity
nit
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nit
nity
nity
nity
t
ity
nity
ty
ty
nity
nity
ity
ty
nity
nity
nity
ty
ty

each
reach
reach
reach
reach
reach
each
ac
a
reach
h
eac
reach
each
each
ea
ac
each
ach
ch
each
h
ea
ach
ea
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ch
ch
each
ach
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c
each
h
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c
ac
ch
c
each
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ea
ach
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ch
each
e
ing
ing
ing
n
ing
ing
ing
ing
ing
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n
ing
ng
ing
in
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g
ng
ing
g
ing
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ing
ng
ing
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g
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in
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g
in
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ing
ing
g

litt
litt
littl
litt
littl
tt
tl
ittl
littl
ittl
littl
litt
t
ittl
itt
i
littl
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tl
tl
tl
itt
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itt
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littl
littl
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ittl
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ttl
tl
ttl
tl
tl
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litt
ittl
t
ttl
tl
littl
l
ttl
itt e

mew
mew
mew
mew
mew
ew
mew
mew
mew
ew
m w
mews
mews
mews
mews
mew
ew
mew
mews
me
me
e
mews
mew
ew
mew
mew
ew
ews
mews
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mew
w
ews
ews
m

e
he
he
he
he
he
he
he
he
he
he
he
he
he
he
he
he
he
he
he
he
he
he
e
he
he

he
he
he
he
he
he
he
he
he
he
he
he
he
he
e
he

he
he
he
he
he
he
he
he
e
he
e
he
he
he
he
he
he
e
he
he
he
e
h

he
he
he
he
he
he
he
he
he
he
e
he
he
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he
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he
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he
he
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he
he
he
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he
he
he

e
he
he
he
he
he
he
he
he
he
e
he
he
he
he
he
he
he
he
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he
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cont
cont
con
cont
cont
co
ont
cont
ont
n
con
con
ont
t
cont
ont
cont
on
con
o
con
con
ont
ont
on
cont
on
ont
n
ont
ont
t
on
n
ont
con
c n
c nt
nt
con em
em
em
em
em
em
em
em
em
em
em
em

ha
had
had
ha
had
had
ha
had
had
ha
a
had
d
had
had
had
had
had
had
had
d
had
had
d
had
d
ad
had
d
had
had
had
ad
d
had
had
had
had
ad
had
h d
had
ha
ad
had
had
had
ad
had
had
had
ad
had
d
had
had
had
had
d
ad
had
ad
had
d
a
had
had
had
had
ha
had
ad
ha
had
ad
d
had
ha
had
had
ad
ad
d
ha
had
d
h d
ad
d
had
ad
ha
ha
ad
a

even
even
ven
ven
en
even
ven
ve
even
e
v n
even
ve
e
ven
ve

july
july
july
july
july
july
uly
uly
july
uly
july
july
ul
uly
u
july
y
ly
uly
u
july
uly
ul
l
uly
uly
uly
uly
l
uly
l
july
l
uly
y
july
uly
uly
uly
uly
ly
ly
y
uly
y
uly
ul
uly
y
u y
uly
uly
l
july
y
uly
uly
u
jul
u
j

a
ra
ra
a
ra
ra
ra
ra
ra
ra
ra
ra
ra
ra
ra
a
ra
ra
ra
a
ra
ra
ra
ra
ra
ra
ra
a
r

appel
appe
appel
appel
appel
appe
appe
appel
appel
appel
appe
appel
appel
ppel
appe
ppe
ppe
appel
appel
appe
appe
appel
appe
appel
appel
appe
appe
p
appe
pe
pe
pel
p
ppe
pe
e
appel
appe
appe
ppe
pp
p
app
pe
pel
el
appe
app l
a pe
ppel
a
l
pp
pp
p
latio
latio
latio
atio
latio
atio
atio
latio
latio
latio
at
latio
latio
latio
latio
latio
atio
lat
t
latio
latio
atio
atio
ati
tio
atio
o
atio
o
atio
atio
atio
atio
atio
a
latio
latio
atio
atio
o
atio
o
atio
o
latio
o
atio
atio
a o
at o
a
n

dec
decl
decl
decl
decl
decl
dec
decl
ec
decl
e
decl
decl
decl
ecl
decl
decl
decl
decl
ecl
ecl
ecl
ec
decl
dec
de
decl
c
dec
ec
ecl
decl
decl
decl
ecl
ecl
decl
ecl
l
decl
decl
ec
ec
dec
ec
decl
ecl
ecl
decl
de
ec
dec
ec
de
ec
de
ec
c
ec
d c ar
are
are
ar
are
are
ares
are
are
ares
are
re
re
are
are
ares
are
are
are
ares
ares
ares
ares
are
ares
are
are
ares
r
ares
ar
ares
are
are
are
are
e
are
e
ares
ares
are
are
are
are
ares
are
e
are
e
are
are
are
are
a

relat
relati
relati
relat
relati
elati
l
rela
elati
l
relat
l t
a
elat
relati
ati
relati
rela
l
ela
lati
elati
ati
ati
relati
elati
ela
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relati
re
elati
at
relati
relati
a
relati
e
t
relati
elat ve
ve
ve
ve
ve
ve
ve
ve
ve
ve
ve
ve
ve
ve
ve
ve
ve

year
year
year
year
year
year
year
year
ear
year
year
r
year
year
yea
year
year
year
year
year
year
ear
ear
ear
ar
ear
ar
ear
ye
ye
yea
e
yea
ear
year
ea
a
year
year
year
ea
ear
ear
year
r
ea
ear
ear
ear
e r
ear
r

bro
bro
bro
ro
bro
bro
bro
bro
bro
bro
bro
bro
bro
bro
r
bro
bro
bro
bro
bro
bro
bro
bro
bro
bro
bro
bro
bro
bro
br
bro
bro
bro
ro
bro
bro
br
bro
bro
bro
r
br
bro
bro
ro
o
bro
ro
ro
br
bro
o
bro
bro
ro
ro
ro
r
bro
bro
br
br
bro
ro
o
bro
bro
bro
bro
bro
bro
bro
bro
ro
o
r
bro
bro
r
bro
bro
b o
ookl
okl
okl
okl
ok
okl
ok
okl
okl
okl
okl
ok
ok
ok
k
okl
okl
okl
okl
okl
okl
ok
okl
okl
okl
okl
ok
k
okl
okl
okl
okl
ok
okl
ok
okl
okl
ok
okl
okl
ok
k
ok
ok
kl
okl
okl
okl
okl
okl
ok
ok
okl
okl
okl
ok
ok
ok
k
ok
ok
ok
kl
l
okl
ok
ok
k
ok
o yn
yn
yn
yn
yn
yn
yn
yn
n
yn
yn
yn
yn
yn
yn
n
yn
yn
yn
yn
yn
yn
yn
yn
yn
n
yn
yn
yn
yn
yn
yn
yn
yn
yn
yn
n
yn
yn
yn
n
yn
yn
yn
yn
yn
yn
yn
yn
yn
y

brook
brook
brook
broo
brook
rook
brook
rook
brook
brook
br
rook
br
k
brook
brook
brook
brook
brook
rook
brook
rook
brook
broo
brook
rook
brook
brook
brook
rook
br
k
brook
br
br
roo
broo
broo
brook
rook
brook
brook
r
broo
rook
ok
bro
brook
ook
broo
rook
ok
br
broo
ok
ook
ok
r oklyn
lyn
lyn
lyn
yn
lyn
y
ly
yn
lyn
lyn
lyn
y
lyn
yn
lyn
lyn
lyn
yn
yn
lyn
yn
n
lyn
lyn
n
lyn
n
ly
yn
yn
yn
lyn
y

cacoph
cacoph
cacoph
cacoph
cacoph
cacoph
cacoph
cacoph
acoph
op
acoph
cacoph
acoph
a
cacop
coph
cacoph
acoph
cacop
cacoph
cacoph
cac
acop
acoph
ac
acoph
coph
coph
caco
aco
coph
oph
p
cop
cop
ph
coph
coph
cacoph
cacop
c
cacoph
p
acoph
h
aco h
oph
oph
a oph
ph
h
acoph
acop
cophony
ony
ony
ny
ony
ony
ony
ony
ony
ony
on
on
n
ony
ony
ony
on
on
on
ny
ny
ony
ony
on
on
ony
y
on
ony
ny
ny
on
n
ony

by
by
by
by
by
by
by
by
by
by
y
by
y
by
y

by
by
by
by
y
by
by
by
by
by
by
by
by
by
by
y
by
y
by
y
by
y
by
y
by
by
y
by
by
by
by
y
by
by
y

by
by
by
by
by
by
by
by
by
by
by
by

by
by
by
by
by
by
by
by
by
by
by
by
y
by
by
by
by
y
by
by
by
by
by
by
y
by
y

by
by
by
y
by
by
by
y
by
y
by
by
y
by
by
by
y
by
y
by
by
y

by
by
by
y
by
by
by
y
by
by
by

eat
eat
eat
eat
ea
at
eat
ea
eat
at
at
t
eat
ea
ea
at
t
at
ea
eat
ea
eat
at
eat
eat
t
ea
ea
at
a
eat
a
boge
boge
boge
boge
boge
boge
boge
boge
boge
oge
boge
boge
boge
boge
boge
bog
boge
boge
boge
boge
boge
boge
boge
boge
boge
boge
oge
og
ge
g
bog
boge
boge
oge
boge
oge
boge
og
boge
boge
boge
boge
boge
bog
bog
oge
oge
bog
bog
bog
boge
boge
boge
boge
ge
boge
bog
bo
oge
ge
g
boge
boge
og
bog
boge
boge
boge
g
og
og
oge
ge
g
b g
b g
og
og
g y

o

be
e
be
be
be
be
be
e
be
be
be
e
be
be
be
be
be
be
b
involv
nvolv
involv
volv
involv
nvolv
involv
involv
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nvolv
invol
involv
invo
n
involv
vo
volv
o
nvolv
i
olv
volv
nvo
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invo
invo
nvolv
nvolv
nv
nvolv
inv
volv
volv
vo
involv
involv
involv
volv
inv
volv
involv
nvo
o
nvolv
involv
o
i vo
nvo v
nvo
nvo
involv
v
v
nvo
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volv
involv
involv
invo ed
ed
ed
ed
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d
ed
d
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d
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ed
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ed
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d
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d
e
could
could
could
could
u
could
ould
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uld
could
could
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d
ld
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could
could
could
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could
l
uld
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could
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could
ould
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could
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could
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coul
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uld
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could
uld
ould
could
could
could
ul
co
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d
coul
ould
d
co
ould
u
c

commen
comm
commen
commen
ommen
me
men
mm
o
e
mmen
commen
en
comm
mme
ommen
comme
ommen
ommen
comme
commen
mme
commen
comm
com
commen
commen
omme
omme
mm
mmen
mm
ommen
mmen
mme
omme
commen
mmen
en
commen
en
en
commen
com
commen
m
en
en
commen
mm
c m
e
mmen
m
t

friend
friend
friend
friend
fr
friend
friend
friend
friend
friend
friend
friend
friend
d
friend
friend
frie
frien
riend
friend
rien
iend
frien
friend
friend
frien
frien
rien
rie
riend
friend
frien
nd
friend
fr
rien
e d
frie
ri nd
frien s

read
read
read
read
read
r
d
read
ea
read
ead
read
read
read
read
ead
read
ead
rea
rea
read
read
read
ead
read
read
ead
read
read
ead
read
read
rea
read
ea
ea
a
ead
ad
ea
ead
d
ea
ea
ad
r a
ead
ea
ad
ad
read
ad
read
ead
ead
d
re
ers
ers
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s
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s
er
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rs
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rs
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rs
rs
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s
ers

howeve
howeve
howeve
h
ve
howeve
howev
howeve
howe
howe
howeve
howeve
howeve
weve
owev
weve
howeve
howe
howev
howeve
ho
howev
howe
weve
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how
owe
we
howeve
ve
eve
weve
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howev
w
howeve
howe e
owe
howeve
howeve
oweve
howev
oweve
w
howev
howe
howe
owe
ow
w ve
oweve
how
r

synag
synag
synag
ynag
ynag
yn
ynag
ynag
ynag
ynag
ynag
ynag
synag
synag
synag
synag
ynag
synag
yna
synag
ynag
synag
g
yn
syna
ynag
yn
yna
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nag
a
yna
a
nag
nag
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g
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synag
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yn
nag
na
yna
nag
ag
ag
syna
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yna
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na
ag
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gogue
ogue
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ogue
ogue
ogue
ogue
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ogu
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gu
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ogue
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og
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synag
syn
synag
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herewi
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ood
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decide
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pamphle
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pamphl
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multit
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opi
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i i
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an
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lyons
yons
lyons
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lyon
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is
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genti
genti
genti
genti
genti
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enti
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genti
genti
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ti
ti
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genti
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les
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publ
public
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pu
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opos
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oat
t
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releas
rel
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ar

ect
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worl
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wor
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wo
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wor
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wo
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comm
comm
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stephe
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tte
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mpts
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oon
oon
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oo
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n
on
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oon
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n
oon
on
on
on
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questi
questi
quest
quest
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questi
quest
quest
quest
questi
quest
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quest
quest
quest
ques
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ques
uesti
st
quest
quest
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uest
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quest
quest
questi
quest
quest
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quest
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quest
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quest
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quest
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quest
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on
on
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on
on
on
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on
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on
on
on
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on
on
on
on
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on
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ties
ties
ties
ties
i
tie
ties
ties
ties
es
es
tie
ties
ties
ti
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tie
tie
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ties
es
tie
ties
tie
ti
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es
e
tie
ties
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ties
es
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free
free
free
free
free
free
re
free
free
free
fr
fre
fr
ree
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ree
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free
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fre
free
fr
free
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free
f ee
free
free
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free
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fre
free
free
free
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free
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free
free
free
fre
free
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free
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free
fre
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free
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free
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f
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f

ter
er
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er
ter
ter
ter
te
ter
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ter
ter
ter
er
er
ter
te
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te
er
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te
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te
te
ter
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te
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ter
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form
form
or
orm
rm
orm
form
form
form
orm
form
form
form
form
orm
orm
form
orm
form
m
orm
form
fo
fo
form
fo
orm
rm
form
m
form
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m
fo
form
orm
o m
fo m
form
form
o
form
fo

with
with
with
with
with
with
with
wi
with
with
with
wit
with
h
with
with
with
with
with
t
wit
wit
with
with
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wit
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with
wit
with
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wit
with
wit
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with
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made
made
made
made
made
made
made
ade
ade
ad
mad
made
made
mad
ma
made
made
ma
made
made
made
ad
made
ade
ade
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made
made
a
made
de
de
made
ade
ade
made
mad
ade
ade
mad
ma
mad
ade
ade
made
ade
made
de
d
made
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ad
mad
mad
ma
mad
ma
made
ma
ad
ma
made
ade
ade
made
made
d
made
made
ma
made
made
ma
ad
ad
mad
de
de
made
ma
ma
mad
made
d
ad
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made
made
ade
ade
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shou
shou
shoul
should
should
hould
hould
hould
should
should
houl
houl
hould
hould
uld
hou
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hould
d
hould
hould
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hould
hould
hould
ould
l
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d
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d
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houl
hou
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ld
d
oul
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hou
u
hould
ould
ou
hou
oul
hould
uld
ould
h

series
eries
series
serie
eries
series
series
series
series
serie
series
series
s
s
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serie
ser
eries
eries
eries
rie
series
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serie
erie
erie
eries
s
eries
series
serie
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erie
eries
s
erie
eries
ries
eri
ser
r
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ser
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s
serie
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prepar
prepa
prepar
prepa
prepa
prepa
prepar
pre
rep
prepar
repa
prepa
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prepar
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repa
epar
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prepar
repar
prep
prepa
prepar
prepa
par
prepar
repar
pr
prepar
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prep
par
par
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prepar
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prep
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prepar
pr
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ep
p
p
ed
ed
ed
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d
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d
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d
ed
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d
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d

tion
tion
tio
ti
i
tion
tion
on
tion
tion
tion
on
on
n
tio
io
io
o
tion
t on
ion
tion
tion
on
o

sak
sak
sak
sak
sak
ak
sak
a
sak
sak
k
sak
sak
sak
sak
ak
sak
sak
ak
sak
sak
sak
sak
ak
sak
sak
sak
sak
ak
k
sak
sak
sak
sak
ak
k
ak
ak
sak
ak
ak
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sak
k
ak
sak
sak
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k
sa
sak
sak
sak
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ak
ak
a
sak
ak
ak
k
sak
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a
sa
sa
sak
a
s k
s k
sake

worthy
worthy
worthy
worthy
worthy
worthy
worthy
worthy
worth
worth
worthy
worthy
wort
worthy
wort
worthy
thy
rt
t
worthy
worthy
orthy
orthy
orth
orthy
r
ort
thy
worth
worthy
worth
worth
worth
worth
wo
wo
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worthy
worthy
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wort
wort
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worth
worthy
y
worthy
wo
worthy
worthy
rt
rt
th
worth
worthy
wor
orth
o
worthy
wor
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worth
o
wor
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thy
w
t y
h

n

wise
wise
wise
wise
wise
wis
wise
wise
wise
is
wise
wise
wise
wise
wise
wise
wise
wise
wise
wise
wise
wis
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wise
wise
wise
wise
wise
wis
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wise
wise
wis
wise
wise
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wis
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wise
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se
wise
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wise
wise
wise
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wise
w e
wise
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wise
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wise
wise
wise
w se

wise
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wis
wis
wise
wise
wis
wise
wise
wise
wise
wise
wise
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wise
wise
wise
wise
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wis
wise
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wise
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wise
wi
wise
wis
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wise
w s
wise
wis
wis
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wise
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wise
wise
wise
wise
wise
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wise
wise
wise
wise
wise
ise
s
wi
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wise
wise
wise
wis
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wise
wise
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wise
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wise
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wise
w e
wi
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wise
wis
wise
wis
wise
wise
wise
wis
wise
wise
wis
wise
wise
wise
wise
wise
wise
wise
wise
wise
wise
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wise
wise
wise
wise
wis
wise
wise
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wise
wis
wise
wise
is
wise
e
ise
w e
se
se
se

decla
declar
declar
declar
declar
declar
decla
decla
declar
declar
cla
decla
dec
dec
declar
declar
declar
declar
de
eclar
ec
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in
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were
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jews
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10
10
10
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k
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chroni
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pam
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what
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spring
spring
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one
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action
action
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who
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seriou
seriou
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amer
amer
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mer
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dra
dra
dra
dra
dra
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dra
dra
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dra
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dra
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dra
dra
dra
dra
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dignif
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h
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yo
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reprin
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o
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reclara
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goldbe
goldbe
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rg
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furnis
furnis
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su
su
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2

y

a

emulat
emulat
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emu
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emu
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on
ion
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io
on
on
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on
on
on
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ion

ernard
ernard
rnard
n
ernard
rnard
ernard
ernard
ernard
ar
ernard
ernard
ern
rnard
rnard
nard
ernard
rnard
rnard
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rnard
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rnard
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er
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rn
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rd
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d
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rnard
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d
wan
wa
wan
wan
wan
wan
wan
wan
wan
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n
wan
wan
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wan
wan
wan
wan
wan
wan
an
an
wan
an
an
n
wan
wa
a
wan
wan
wan
wan
wan
an
an
wa
wa
wan
wan
wa
wan
wan
w

disturb
disturb
disturb
disturb
turb
dist
disturb
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disturb
disturb
sturb
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dist
disturb
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di
di
ist
b
disturb
sturb
d turb
turb
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distu
disturb
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disturb
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sturb
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distu
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dist
dist
disturb
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sturb
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rb
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disturb
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sturb
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di tu b
distu
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disturb
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ance
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an
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an
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n
ance
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anc
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nce
ce
ance
nce
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an
ance
ance
anc
a
e
c

congr
congr
congr
congr
congr
co
congr
congr
congr
congr
congr
congr
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congr
cong
cong
con
cong
congr
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cong
con
congr
congr
cong
cong
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congr
gr
congr
congr
congr
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n
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con
cong
g
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congr
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gr
ngr
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cong
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on
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on
on
on
on
on
on
on
on
on
on
on
on
on
on
on
n
on

congre
cong
congre
congre
congre
congre
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congre
congre
congr
congre
congre
congr
congr
congre
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congre
cong
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ongre
ngre
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ngre
ngre
gre
congr
congr
congre
congr
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g
ong
congre
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gre
gre
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gre
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congr
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n
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gr
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congre
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gre
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cong
congre
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congr
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gation
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gatio
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ga
gatio
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gati
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ga
gatio
t
gatio
gatio
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gat
gat
gation
ga
ga
atio
on
gati
gatio
at
ga

viciou
viciou
viciou
i i
i i
viciou
cio
cio
cio
viciou
ciou
ciou
viciou
i
ciou
ou
ou
viciou
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u
o
iciou
iou
ciou
viciou
icio
ic
c
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viciou
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vici
icio
ciou
c
viciousness
snes
sness
sne
sne
sn
snes
sness
sness
ness
ness
sness
snes
ne
ness
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snes
snes
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ness
snes
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s
ness
s
sness
sne
snes
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sness
ss
sness
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sness
sness
snes
snes
ness
ss
sn
ness
sness
e
snes

energy
energy
energy
energ
energy
energy
nergy
energ
ene
energy
energ
energy
e
nergy
ergy
nergy
energy
erg
ner
ergy
erg
g
nerg
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nerg
gy
energy
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nergy
energy
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energy
energ
energy
ne
nergy
n
energy
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nerg
nergy
nerg
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energy
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erg
ergy
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ner
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ergy
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ergy
nerg
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energy
y
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energy
n
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ergy
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displa
displa
displa
displa
displa
displa
displa
displa
displa
displa
spla
displa
dis
spla
s
displa
spla
pla
displa
displa
displa
spl
spla
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displa
spla
spla
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disp
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disp
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disp
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disp
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displ
dis
sp a
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disp a
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only
only
only
only
onl
only
only
only
nly
nly
only
l
n
only
nly
only
only
only
on
on
only
only
nly
on
on
nly
n
only
y
only
only
n y
only
nly
only
on y
on
only
n

war
a
wa
war
war
war
wa
war
wa
ar
war
wa
ar
r
ar
wa
wa
ar
a
wa
war
ar
a
lead
lead
ead
ead
lead
ea
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d
ad
ead
ead
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d
ead
d
lead
ea
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lead
ead
ead
ead
ead
ad
d
ea
ead
ead
ea
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ad
d
ead
ead
ea

a

red
red
red
red
red
red
red
red
red
red
d
red
re
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red
ed
ed
red
red
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red
re
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red
red
d
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organi
organi
organi
organi
organi
organ
gan
organi
organi
organ
organi
organi
gan
rg
rgan
organi
organ
rga
rg
rgani
orga
gan
gan
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organ
organ
rgan
organ
or
organ
rgan
rgan
organ
gan
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gan
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gan
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or
organ
rgani
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gan
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org
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organ
organ
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organ
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org
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zation
zation
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n
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zation
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s
isaac
isaac
isaac
saac
saac
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aac
saa
saac
sa
aa
isaac
saa
saac
saac
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saac
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isaac
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isaac
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saac
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saac
saac
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saac
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saa
saac
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hypocr
hypocr
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hypocr
hypocr
hypocr
hypocr
hypocr
hypocr
hypoc
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hypocr
hypocr
hypocr
hypocr
hyp
hy
hypoc
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hyp
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p
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ite
ite
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organ
organ
orga
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organ
gan
rgan
org
rgan
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organ
organ
ga
rgan
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rgan
gan
an
organ
org
organ
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gan
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rgan
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orga
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gan
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organ
org
orga
org
organ
organ
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gan
orga
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organ
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organ
orga
ga
a
ga

w
ow
ow
ow
how
w
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how
how
w
how
how
how
o

o
how
how
how
how
ho
ho
how
how
how
ow
how
how
o
how
how
w
how
how
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how
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w
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how
o
how
w
how

addres
addre
addres
addres
ddr
ddres
addres
ddres
d
ddre
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addres
addres
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add
addres
addres
addres
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add
addre
addres
addre
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ddre
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add
ad
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add
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addres
addres
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se
se
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se
se
ses
ses
se
se
se
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se
se
se
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se
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se
se
se
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he
he
he
he
he
he
he
he
he
he
he
he
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he
he
he
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he
he
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offer

all
al
al
all
all
al
al
all
al
ll
l
all
all
all
l
all
all
al
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all
all
all
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al
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all
all
al
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all
l
all
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all
all
all
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all
l
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all
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al
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all
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all
all
al
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all
a

b

b

er
er
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m

m

m

un-ame
un-ame
un ame
un-ame
n
un-ame
n-ame
n-ame
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un-ame
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me
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un-am
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me
me
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m rican
rica
rican
rican
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ican
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ca
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rican
rica
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rican
rican
rican
can
rican
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rican
ri
rica
rica
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rican
n
rican
rican

persis
persis
persis
persis
persis
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persis
persis
ersis
persis
persis
persis
persis
i
persis
persis
persis
rs
persis
persis
persis
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persis
pe
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pers
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persi
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persis
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pers
per
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si
persis
s
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persis
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persis
per s
p
tent
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ten
ten
n
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tent
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ten
te
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ent
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tent
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and
n
a d
nd
and
nd
an
and
and
and
and
and
an
nd
and
and
and
and
and
n
and
an
and
and
d
and
an
and
a

and
and
nd
and
and
and
and
and
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d
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an
and
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and
and
and
and
and
and
and
nd
nd
and
nd
nd
d
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and
d
and
and
and
n
and
and
and
d
and
and
and
and
and
and
and
and
and
and
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and
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an
and
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and
and
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an
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an
and
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and
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and
and
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an
and
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and
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and
and
and
and
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and
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and
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an
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and
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an
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and
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and
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and
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and
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and
and
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and
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an
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an
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and
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an
and
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and
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and
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and
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and
and
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and
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and
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and
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an
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and
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and
and
a d
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an
an
an
an
an
an
an
an
an
an
an
an
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an
an
an
an
an
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and
an
and
and
and
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and
and
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d
an
n
and
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and
and
d
and
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and
and
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and
and
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and
and
and
and
and
and
n
and
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and
d
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and
and
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and
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and
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and
and
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and
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and
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and
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and
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d
and
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and
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an
and
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and
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and
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and
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and
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an
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and
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and
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d
d
and
and
and
and
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d
and
nd
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d
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and
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and
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and
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mr
mr
mr
mr
mr
mr
mr
mr
mr
r
mr
mr
mr
mr
mr
mr
mr
r
mr
mr
m

mr
mr
mr
mr
mr
mr
mr
mr
mr
mr
mr
mr
mr
mr
mr
mr
mr
mr
mr
mr
mr
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mr
mr
mr
mr
mr
mr
mr
mr
mr
mr
mr
mr
mr
mr
mr
mr
mr
mr
mr
mr
mr
mr
mr
mr
mr
mr

ginsb
ginsb
ns
ginsb
ginsb
ginsb
ginsb
nsb
ginsb
ginsb
ginsb
nsb
ginsb
nsb
ginsb
nsb
nsb
ginsb
ginsb
gin
ginsb
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nsb
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n
gins
nsb
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ginsb
ginsb
ginsb
ns
n
ginsb
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ginsb
gins
gin
gin
ginsb
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ginsb
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gins
gins
ginsb
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gins
g
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ns
sb
b
ginsb
ns
nsb
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sb
nsb
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n
urg
urg
urg
urg
urg
urg
urg
ur
ur
urg
ur
urg
urg
urg
urg
urg
urg
rg
rg
g
rg
urg
urg
urg
urg
urg
urg
urg
ur
urg
rg
rg
g
urg
ur
urg
urg
urg
rg
ur
ur
urg
ur
urg
rg
urg
g
urg
g
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urg
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artic
artic
artic
rtic
ar
artic
artic
rtic
artic
artic
i
artic
tic
rtic
artic
artic
artic
ic
ar
artic
artic
rtic
artic
artic
arti
tic
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rti
artic
arti
artic
artic
artic
arti
artic
rti
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ti
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arti
artic
artic
art
t
artic
artic
arti
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ar i
artic
ar
artic
arti
artic es
les
les
les
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s
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detro
detr
det
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detro
detro
det
de
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tro
detro
detro
detro
detro
detro
tro
detro
detr
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de
detr
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detro
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detro
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detro
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detro
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detro
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detro
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et
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tro
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de o
detroit
it
t
it
it
it
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it
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in
in
in
n
in
n
in
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in
in
n
in
n
in
n

im
im
im
m
im
m
im
im
m
im
im
m
im
im
m
im
im
im

im
im
im
im
im
im
im
im
m
im
m
im
im
m
im
im
m

a

a

a

a

a

a

a

ora
mora
mora
mor
mora
ora
mo
mora
ora
mora
ora
mora
ora
moral
moral
mor
o
mo
ora
mora
mora
moral
mora
mor
ora
mora
mora
a

s
es
ues
ue
ues
ue
ues
es
ue
ues
ues
ues
ues
ues
ues
ues
ues
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s
e
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es

was
was
was
was
was
a
was
wa
wa
wa
was
was
wa
was
s
was
w

was
wa
was
was
was
was
was
was
was
wa
wa
as
was
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was
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was
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wa
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was
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was
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was
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was
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wa
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was
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wa
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was
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wa
was
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was
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s
was
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was
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as
s
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w s
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wa
wa
was
was
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was
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was
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s
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wa
was
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wa
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was
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was
was
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was
was
wa
was
wa
w

v

be
be
be
be
be
be
be
be
be
e
be
be
be
be
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be
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be
be
be
be
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be
be
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be

zede
zede
zede
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ed
de
zede
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d
zede
de
zede
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zede
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zed
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de
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k

ze
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ze
ze
ze
ze
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ze
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zedek
zedek
zedek
zedek
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d
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syco
syco
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c
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sy o
yc
y

wer
we
we
wer
e
we
er
wer
we
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we
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wer
wer
er
wer
wer
wer

le
e
le
e
le
le
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le
le
le
le
l

e
le
e
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e
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e
le
le
lle
le
le
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e
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l
e

jewis
jewis
jewis
jewis
jewis
jewis
jewis
jewis
jewis
ewi
jewis
ewis
je
jewis
wis
jewi
jewis
jewis
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jewi
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jewi
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jewis
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jewi
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jewis
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ewis
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jewis
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w s
ew
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wi
wis
wi
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ew
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jewis
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w
jewis
je
ewis
s
j wis
s
i h

statem
statem
stat
statem
statem
statem
statem
tatem
tatem
statem
tatem
state
tate
tatem
ate
tem
ate
tate
statem
atem
m
statem
statem
tatem
tatem
statem
state
statem
tate
statem
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tatem
m
em
st
tatem
tate
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statem
statem
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tate
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tat
at
state
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statem
m
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tatem
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tem
m
sta
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tatem
sta
tat ment
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t
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statem
at
statem
statem
statem
statem
statem
statem
statem
tatem
t
statem
state
statem
at
ate
statem
statem
t
statem
statem
statem
tatem
tatem
tatem
tatem
statem
state
tatem
a
tatem
statem
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e
tem
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m
statem
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m
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t
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stateme
stateme
stateme
stateme
stateme
statem
t
statem
stateme
stateme
stateme
stateme
ate
ateme
stateme
te
tem
atem
ate
statem
ateme
tateme
t
statem
ateme
ateme
tateme
m
stateme
stateme
stateme
stateme
statem
t
stateme
stateme
teme
stateme
statem
stateme
statem
tateme
stat
stateme
state
stateme
statem
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a
tateme
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t
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s
t
ta
at
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nt
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t
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stateme
sta
statem
statem
statem
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statem
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stateme
stateme
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ateme
tateme
t
statem
stateme
statem
stateme
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state
stateme
statem
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statem
stateme
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stateme
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tateme
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t
stateme
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tem
t
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stateme
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at
stateme
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m
stateme
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e
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stateme
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tatem
em
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statem
state
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a e
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t
it
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it
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it
it
t
it
t
it
t
it
t
it
t
i

produc
produc
produc
produc
produc
produc
produc
roduc
roduc
roduc
u
rod
rodu
produ
o
roduc
roduc
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produ
produc
rodu
d
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od
produ
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d
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roduc
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d
rodu
rod
d
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roduc
od
du
d
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rodu
produ
rod
roduc
rod
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u
roduc
ro
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produc
oduc
rodu
rod
o u
roduc
rod
ro
rodu
uc
ro
o
c
r
e

ruc
ru
ruc
ruc
ruc
uc
ruc
u
ruc
uc
uc
ruc
ruc
uc
uc
ruc
ruc
ruc
ruc
uc
ru
ru

t

t

t

t

t

t

t

t

henry
henry
he
henry
henry
henry
enry
henry
henry
henry
hen
henry
hen
he
henry
hen
henry
hen
henr
henry
enry
hen
hen
hen
henry
henry
enry
henry
en
henry
enry
enry
henry
hen
henr
henry
enry
henry
henry
nry
nry
nry
ry
enry
nry
en
hen
hen
enr
henry
nry
henry
henry
hen
nry
n
henr
nr
h n
h nry
henry
hen y

relig
relig
religi
religi
religi
relig
relig
religi
religi
relig
ig
relig
gi
lig
eli
religi
eligi
lig
religi
religi
el g
eligi
el
r l
elig
ig
ig
eligi
eligi
rel
relig
relig
eli
relig
e
rel
lig
i
relig
gi
relig
relig
re
r lig
elig
ig
re
relig
relig
e g ous
ous
ous
ous
ous
ous
ous
ou
ous
ous
ou
ous
ous
ous
ous
ous
u
ous
ous
s
ous
ous
ous
us
ous
us
s
us
ous
us
ous

aband
aband
band
aba
band
band
aband
aband
aband
aband
aban
b
aband
aband
aband
aban
aband
aband
aba
an
aband
aband
nd
aba
aband
n
aband
ab
aband
aband
b
d
ban
b
ab
aban
aban
ba
aband
and
aban
aband
aband
aba
aband
ab
b
aband
aband
an
aband
n
band
aba
aban
nd
an
ba
and
n
ab
aban
ban
aba
aban
nd
aba
band
ab
on
on
on
on
on
on
n
on
n
on
on
on
on
on
n
on
n
on
on

in
in
in
in
n
in
in
in
in
in
in
n
in
in
in
n
in
in
in
in
in
n
in
n
in
n
in
in
in
in
n
in
n
in
n
in
n
in
n
in
n
in
n
in
in
n
in
in
in
n
in
n
in
into
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
o
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
o
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
o
to
to
to
to
to
o
to
to
to
o
to
to
o
to
to
o
to
to
to
o
to

runni
runni
runni
runni
runni
i
runni
runni
runni
unni
nni
runni
runni
runni
runni
unn
unn
nni
runni
runni
nni
run
run
runn
u
runn
runn
unni
runn
unn
n
unni
un
un
runn
runni
ni
ni
runn
run
unni
unn
runni
unn
run
un
nni
unni
un
runni
n
unni
un
runni
nni
un
runni
runni
unn
n
ng
ng
ng
ng
ng
ng
ng
ng
ng
g
ng
ng
ng
ng
ng
ng
ng
ng
ng
g
ng
g
ng
ng
ng
ng
ng
ng
ng

earnest
earne
earnest
earnest
earnest
arnest
rnest
arnes
earnest
rnes
rne
earnest
arne
nest
earnest
ar
earnest
earne
arne
arnest
arnes
arnes
arnes
e t
arnest
earnest
arn
arne
arnest
rnes
earnest
est
ar
rnest
nes
arnes
ear
a
tnes
ne
ne
ness
ness
nes
e
ness
s
ness
nes
ness
ness
ness
ness
nes
s
ess
ness
n s

o

e

ostens
ostens
ostens
stens
ostens
ostens
ostens
ostens
stens
stens
stens
ostens
stens
tens
ostens
os
ostens
s
ostens
s
sten
osten
ostens
ostens
oste
ostens
os
sten
sten
sten
sten
en
ostens
stens
ostens
s
os
oste
ost
sten
ens
ens
sten
ns
osten
oste
stens
tens
osten
ns
o tens
tens
t
ste
osten
ns
s
os
s
osten
te
ibly
ibly
ibly
ibly
ibly
l
ibly
ibl
ibly
ibl
ibl
ibl
ibly
b
ibl
b
ib
ibl
b
ib
ibly
ib
b
ib
ib
b
ib
bl
bly
y
ibl
ib
ibly
ib
ib y
ib
bl
bly
ibly
ibl
ib
ibly

other
other
other
other
othe
th
the
other
other
the
other
th
he
e
other
th
other
th
ther
h
ther
th
the
her
er
the
other
the
her
e
he
e
he
e
he
he
beth-
beth-
beth-
beth
bet
beth-
beth-
beth-
eth
t
beth-
beth-
beth
beth
beth-
beth-
beth-
be
bet
beth-
beth
beth
beth-
th
th
beth
beth-
beth
beth-
eth
eth
beth-
b t
bet
beth-
eth
beth-
eth-
beth
beth-
th
eth-
th
eth
th-
eth
beth
beth-
beth-
et
eth
th
t
eth-
beth
e
bet
th
bet
beth
t
beth-
eth
b
h
bet
el
el
el
e

r
lirit
lirit
irit
ir
lirit
lirit
lirit
lirit
t
lirit
irit
irit
irit
lirit
lirit
rit
rit
iri
li
irit
irit
ri
rit
rit
rit
lirit
irit
t
irit
ir
iri
rit
t
lir
liri
lirit
irit
rit
r
irit
it
r
irith

ews
ew
ews
ew
ews
ews
ews
w
ews
ews
ews
ew
ws
ews
ws
w
ew
ws
s
ews
ews
ews
ews
ews
w
ews
w
ews
s
ews
ews
s
ews
ws
s
ws
ws
ews
e s
e s
ews
w

newspa
news
newspa
n w
newspa
newspa
newspa
newspa
newspa
newspa
ewspa
newspa
newsp
ewsp
newspa
newspa
newspa
w
newspa
p
ewsp
newspa
ws
newspa
newspa
newspa
w
newspa
newsp
newspa
e
newspa
wspa
w
newspa
wspa
wsp
wsp
newsp
ew
ne
ewspa
ewspa
newsp
s
wspa
ewsp
ne
ewspa
newsp
ws
newspa
sp
s a
newspa
newsp
newspa
wspa
wsp
s
newspa
pa
wsp
wspa
n w
ewspa
pa
ewsp
wspa
ewsp per
pe
per
per
pe
per
e
per
pe
e
per
pe
pe
pe
pe
er
er
per
per
per
pe
per
per
r
per
pe
pe
pe
per
r
per
per
p r
p

nation
on
nation
natio
ation
nat o
nation
natio
a
nation
o
nation
nation
nation
nation
nation
ti
natio
nation
nation
na
nati
nati
t
atio
natio
o
nation
ti
nation
natio
atio
at
nation
ation
atio
nation
natio
ation
a o
natio
nation
nat
at on
na on
n t o
natio

lodg
lodg
lodg
odg
odg
odg
odg
odg
odg
dg
odg
odg
odg
odg
odg
lodg
lodg
dg
d
od
dg
lodg
lodg
odg
dg
odg
odg
od
odg
dg
dg
dg
odg
odg
odg
od
dg
dg
odg
d
lodg
d
odg
dg
dg
dg
dg
odg
od
od
d
lodg
odg
dg
o
lodg
g
o g
odg
g
dg
ge

lodge
odge
lodge
lodge
odge
lodge
odge
lodge
odge
lodg
odge
d
odge
lodge
lodg
od
d
o
lodg
lodg
odg
dg
lod
lodg
lodge
lodge
lodg
dge
lod
odge
g
odg
g
odg
ge
odg
odg
odg
lodge
g
odge
g
odg
odge
dge
ge
ge
odg
odg
odge
odge
g
dg
dg
odge
dg
odg
ge
od
lod
dge
odg
ge
o g

either
either
either
either
ithe
either
either
eithe
ither
th
i
either
either
eithe
ther
either
her
either
eith
either
eit
ither
the
he
he
either
eithe
either
eithe
either
either
ther
r
either
eith
it
th
ther
the
either
ither
er
eith
the
the
he
her
either
either
t er
ei h r
ther
h
ither
r
e the

oint
oint
oint
oi
oint
oint
oin
nt
oint
oint
oin
oi
oint
oint
oin
n
in
in
oin
oint
oi t
oin
n
oint
n
in

point
point
point
point
oi
oin
point
poin
oi
point
point
po
oin
point
n
poin
oin
oi
poin
poi
poin
poin
poi
o
po
poin
poin
n
point
poin
poin
poin
oi
poi
poin
poin
po
po
poin
poi
poin
poin
n
poin
poin
po
oin
poin
n
po
po
poin
n
o
poin
poin
poin
po
poin
p
n
oin
po
p

in
n
in
in
in
n
in
in
in
in
n
in
in
in
n

hersh
hersh
hersh
hersh
hers
he
hersh
he
hers
ersh
rs
hersh
hers
ers
rs
hersh
hersh
hersh
h
h
ersh
hersh
hers
hersh
ersh
hersh
her
rs
ers
sh
ersh
hersh
hersh
h
hersh
hers
hersh
hersh
hersh
ersh
hersh
ersh
ersh
hersh
rsh
sh
er
he
hersh
ers
h
h
ersh
e
el
el
el
el
e
w

jo
jo
jo
jo
jo
jo
jo
jo
jo
jo
o
jo
jo
jo
o
jo
jo
jo
jo
j

nter
inter
inter
nter
nter
inter
nte
inter
inter
inter
nt
inter
inter
int
inte
nte
nte
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explana
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presid
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rab
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r
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ch
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group
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si
si
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search
search
search
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uiry

sophist
sophist
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p
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ce
ce
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jewr
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e
pres
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frankl
frankl
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rank
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rank
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in
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try
try
try
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g

genti
genti
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alike
alike
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confer
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w

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day
day
day
day
day
da
day
day
da
day
day
day
day
day
day
day
day
ay
ay
ay
da
a
da
day
da
a
day
da
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day
y
da
da
day
a
day
ay
day
a
day

n

s

ii
ii
ii
ii
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ii
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roof
proof
proof
proo
proof
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proof
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roof
roof
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full
fu
ful
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full
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full
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full
full
l
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full
ull
ull
ful
l
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fu
ul
full
ll
ful
ul
ful
fu
full
fu l
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perse
persecu
persecu
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persecu
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persecu
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p
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jew
jew
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w
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t

jew
jew
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jew
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jew
jew
je
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w
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w
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w
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w
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w
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w
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ew
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jew
jew
jew
jew
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jew
ew
jew
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w
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jew
ew
ew
ew
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w
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w
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j

ac
ac
ac
ac
ac
ac
ac
ac
ac
ac
ac
ac
ac
ac
ac
ac
ac
ac
ac
ac
ac
ac
ac
ac
ac
ac
c
ac
ac
c
ac
ac
ac
ac
ac
ac
ac
ac
ac
ac
ac
ac
ac
ac
ac
ac
ac
ac
ac
ac
ac
ac
c
ac
c
ac
ac
ac
ac
accu
cu
cu
cu
cu
cu
cu
cu
cu
cu
cu
cu
cu
cu
cu
cu
cu
u
cu
cu
cu
cu
cu
cu
cu
cu
u
cu
cu
cu
cu
cu
cu
cu
u
cu
cu
u
cu
cu
cu
cu
cu
u
cu
cu
cu
cu
u
cu
cu
cu
cu
cu
cu
cu
u
cu
cu
u
cu
cu
cu
u
cu
cu
u
c sa
sa
sa
sa
sa
sa
sa
sa
sa
sa
sa
sa
sa
sa
sa
sa
sa
sa
sa
sa
sa
a
sa
sa
sa
sa
sa
sa
sa
sa
sa
sa
sa
sa
sa
sa
sa
sa
a
sa
sa
sa
a
sa
a
sa
sa
a
sa
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sa
sa
sa
sa
sa
sa
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sa
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sa
sa
sa
sa
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ti
ti
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ti
ti
ti
ti
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ti
t on
on
on
on
on
on
on
on
on
on
on
on
on
on
on
on
on
on
on
on
n
on
on
on
on
on
on
on
on
on
on
on
on
on
on
on
on
on
on
n
on
on
n
on
on
on
n
on
on
on
on
on
on
on
on
on
on
n
on
on
on
on
ons

d
ssued
d
ssue
issued
u d
issued
d

issued
issued
issued
ssue
su
ssued
ssued
sued
ssu
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issued
d
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ssued
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issued
ss
sue
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sued
issued
d
ssued
ss
su
iss
ss
d
ssued
issued
ssued
ue
ssued
su
ssued
s
e

ne
ne
ne
ne
ne
ne
ne
ne
ne
ne
ne
ne
ne
ne
ne
n

him
hi
him
him
him
hi
hi
him
him
him
im
him
him
m
im
m
him
hi
him
him
him
him
i
him
him
him
him
hi
him
hi
im
him
hi
him
hi
him
m
im
m
him
m

12
12
12
12
12
2
12
12
12
12
12
2
12
12
12
12
2
12
2
12
12
2
12
12
2
12
12

fi
fi
fi
fi
fi
fi
fi
fi
fi
i
fi
fi
fi
i
fi
i
fi
fi
fi
fi
fi
fi
i
fi
fi
fi
i
fi
fi
fi
i
fi
fi
i
fi
fi
fi
fi
fi
i
fi
fina
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
a
na
na
na
na
a
na
a
na
na
na
na
na
na
a
na
na
na
na
a
na
a
na
na
na
na
na
na
a
na
na
a
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
a
na
na
na
na
a
na
a
na
na
na
nanc
nc
nc
nc
nc
nc
nc
nc
nc
nc
nc
nc
nc
nc
nc
nc
c
nc
nc
nc
nc
nc
nc
nc
nc
nc
nc
nc
nc
nc
nc
nc
nc
nc
nc
nc
nc
c
nc
nc
nc
nc
nc
nc
nc
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nc
nc
nc
nc
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c
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au
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eat
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offer
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iden
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public
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desire
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love
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dr
dr
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dr
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b
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ve
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leo
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himse
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feb
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i
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suffi
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ex
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ef
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pitifu
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tio
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fatuous
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fatuou
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actio
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co
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merica
rica
merica
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meric
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me
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a

follow
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c

which
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nsu
insult
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se
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use
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use
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rou
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rouse
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age
age
age
age
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age
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age
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age
age
age
age
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o

ru
ru
ru
ru
u
ru
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ru
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f
f
f

f
t

t

get
get
get
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get
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get
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get
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aid
aid
aid
aid
aid
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id
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aid
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aid
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id
aid
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id
aid
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aid
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aid
id
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o
f
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concoct
concoct
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concoct
concoct
concoct
concoct
concoc
concoct
concoct
oncoct
concoct
concoct
oncoct
nc
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oct
concoct
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stupidi
stupidi
stupidi
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stupid
stupidi
stupid
stupidi
di
tup
stup
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stupid
stupid
stupid
d
pid
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or
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or
or
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men
me
me
men
me
men
men
men
men
men
men
men
men
men
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me
men
n
men
men
men
me
men
me
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men
men
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men
me
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men
men
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men
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me
men
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me

re
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m
sa
same
same
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sam
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sam
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same
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shaar
shaar
shaa
shaa
sha
shaar
shaar
shaar
shaar
shaar
shaar
shaa
shaar
shaa
shaar
shaar
shaar
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h

discl
discl
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s
disc
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disclaimed
aimed
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by
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w

oemple
oemple
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d

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co
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b
t b
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stung
stung
stung
stun
stung
stung
stung
stung
stung
stung
tu
tu
un
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stung
stung
tung
tu
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g
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stung
t
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s
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publi
publi
publi
publi
publ
bli
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publi
publi
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bli
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p
catio
catio
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pic
pic
pic
pic
pic
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pic
pic
ic
c
pic
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pic
pic
pic
pi
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pic
pic
pi
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pic
pi
pic
pic
pic

divert
divert
divert
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div
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divert
divert
divert
divert
divert
diver
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divert
di
divert
divert
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diver
dive
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divert
divert
v
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t
divert
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t
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t
ve
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d ver
divert

genti
genti
genti
genti
genti
genti
genti
gen
genti
genti
genti
genti
genti
nti
gen
genti
genti
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genti
gent
gent
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genti
genti
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gent
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gentil
nt
genti
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gent
gentil
gen
gentil
gentil
gentil
gentil
gentil
gentil
gentil
genti
genti
en
gentil
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dearb
dearb
earb
dearb
dearb
b
arb
rb
dearb
dearb
dearb
dear
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de
dearb
dearb
dearb
dearb
dearb
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dearb
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dearb
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ea
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dearb
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dearb
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de
b
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d arb
born
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rn
n
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n
orn
n
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n
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r
o

e
se
se
se
se
se
se
se
e
s

invest
invest
invest
invest
invest
nvest
invest
nvest
invest
invest
invest
vest
nvest
nvest
est
st
vest
t
vest
st
inve
in
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nv
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invest
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invest
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tigatio
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ga
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up
up
up
up
up
up
p
up
up
up
p

w
d

ay
ay
y
ay
ay
ay
ay
ay
ay
ay
ay
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ay
ay
ay
ay
y
ay
ay
y
ay
ay
ay
ay
y
ay
y
ay
y
ay
y
ay
y
ay
ay

persona
persona
perso
persona
persona
persona
erson
ersona
ersona
e
persona
persona
person
rsona
persona
person
so
rsona
ersona
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persona
person
rsona
person
n
ersona
a
ona
persona
a
perso
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persona
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persona
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perso
pe
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perso
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na
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person
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rs n
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em
em
em
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m
em
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m
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m
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nte
e
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inter
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inter
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t r
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t
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inte
nte
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natio
natio
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natio
nati
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natio
natio
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natio
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exam
exa
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exam
m
ex
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m
xam
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exam
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shaare
shaare
shaare
shaar
shaare
haare
haare
shaare
shaare
shaare
haare
shaare
shaa
shaare
sha
haare
sh
shaare
shaare
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shaare
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sha
shaa
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haa e
ha
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shaare
haar
ha
haare
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r
shaar
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hilario
hilario
hi
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hilario
hilario
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hilari
il
i
hilario
hilario
hilario
a
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hilario
hila
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hilario
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hilario
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hil
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lar
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us
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s
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result
result
result
result
result
result
result
result
result
es
esu
result
result
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result
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b
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d
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fa
defamat
defamat
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The Detroit
Jewish Chronicle

The Detroit Jewish Chronicle, whose
pages can be found in the William
Davidson Archive of Jewish Detroit
History, was writing about Henry
Ford and the Dearborn Independent
as early as 1920. Bill McGraw said
the archive was a valuable resource
as he was writing his article.
Here are four pages from the
Chronicle during that period: In
its July 16, 1920, issue, a story
calling Ford “the emperor of the
Anti-Semites”; in the July 21, 1920,
issue, an editorial on “Henry Ford
and the Jews”; in the Oct. 15,
1920, issue, a story about Ford’
s
anti-Semitic pamphlets; and in the
Feb. 18, 1921, issue, a story whose
large headline states, “Detroit
Jews United In Hurling Challenge
to Ford to Prove Charges.” Ford
had done a media interview dis-
claiming anti-Semitism and saying
the point of the articles running in
the Dearborn Independent was “to
rouse the gentile to emulation of the
Jew.” Chronicle editors cried foul.
Read more in the archive at
www.djnfoundation.org. ■

July 21, 1920
July 16, 1920
Oct. 15, 1920
Feb. 18, 1921

Free Press, but not as involved as in the
Dearborn Historian.
I think a lot of people know that Ford
had anti-Semitic beliefs, but few know
the entire story and how much money
and effort he put into it, and how his
books influenced Hitler. I also knew that
the Dearborn Independent under Ford
began publishing in January 1919, so I
knew in advance that we had a perfect
peg for this issue. Given the anti-Semi-
tism that’
s right in front of our eyes these
days, I think Dearborn residents — and
all Americans — should educate them-
selves on where this hatred is coming
from. And, sadly, Henry Ford is one of
those places.

Q: As you researched your story, did
you find any new evidence or questions
that surprised you?
Bill: Yes. I had no idea that Henry
Ford is ubiquitous today in the online
world of anti-Semites, white national-
ists and similar groups. Once I decided
to check out that world, which I knew
existed, I was surprised how easy it was
to find websites and online forums where
people discussed Ford and his series of
books The International Jew. They take
Ford very seriously on such sites. His
newspaper and books are a century old,
but the internet has given them new life.

Q: There are still plenty of people in
Dearborn who hold Henry Ford in high
esteem. Do you anticipate a backlash

against your work?
Bill: I’
m a Dearborn resident who
holds Henry Ford in high esteem. As a
citizen, I see what “Ford” has meant for
Dearborn and all of Southeast Michigan.
Fortune Magazine named Henry “the
businessman of the 20th century.”
As a reporter, I think Ford’
s achieve-
ments tend to overshadow his anti-Sem-
itism, especially in Dearborn, where he
remains an iconic presence. His name is
on at least one hotel and one restaurant,
and the image of him and his first car are
on the sewer covers and street signs, not
to mention the former Greenfield Village
historical complex, which is now called
The Henry Ford.
We can’
t shy away from Ford’
s evil side
and, at the Dearborn Historian, we’
re
covering anti-Semitism, and at the same
time, we’
re writing about the building of
the world-famous Rouge Plant, one of
his greatest achievements.

Q: What do you hope readers will
learn from your article? All things
being equal, what would be the ulti-
mate great result of your work?
Bill: I hope it helps them better under-
stand the nature of the anti-Semitism
that’
s taking place in our country. Henry
Ford was preaching the same tired ste-
reotypes about Jews that people had been
preaching for centuries, and it’
s the same
craziness that anti-Semites are preaching
today. ■

continued from page 16

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