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COURTESY OF YAD VASHEM

OPPOSITE PAGE,
TOP: In the same
burial pit where
the tunnel begins
is a replica of a
“ladder ramp”
used by the
Burning Brigade to
throw corpses in
the fires.

LEFT, TOP: Jews in
Ponar, Poland, dig-
ging a trench in
which they were
later buried after
being shot.

LEFT: Richard
Freund and his
team.

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bodies but there are installations, like
gas chambers, that they can excavate.”
Because Freund has not been
allowed to take any money from film
companies or the Lithuanian govern-
ment, he has had to get funding from
foundations and individual donors.
“The United States Commission
for the Preservation of America’s
Heritage Abroad [a governmental
unit] has given a substantial amount
of money to fund our work, and the
U.S. embassy in Lithuania gave us
some funding,” says Freund, who has
attended conferences at Wayne State
and Michigan State universities and
has been awarded a study grant from
the University of Michigan.
Freund will continue Lithuanian
exploration this summer. He will be
working on a site where a Nazi major,
Karl Plagge, saved 1,250 Jews, and he
will be going to Kovno to work around
three forts where more than 70,000
Jews were murdered.
In a distant project, there will be
work in Israel at the Church of the
Annunciation at Nazareth.
“To be able to show the children
and grandchildren of the Ponar survi-
vors that tunnel and how the escape
happened has been one of the great
experiences of my life,” Freund says.
“My major job is to bring Jewish
and non-Jewish students into the field
to do this work. I feel this is the only
way these students will appreciate
the depth of what happened in the
Holocaust.” •

details

NOVA: Holocaust Escape Tunnel can be
seen at 9 p.m. Wednesday, April 19, on
WTVS-Detroit Public TV. Dptv.org.

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AILEY
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Robert Battle, Artistic Director

Masazumi Chaya, Associate Artistic Director

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2:30 PM – Saturday April 22
7:30 PM – Saturday April 22
2:30 PM – Sunday April 23

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Photo by Andrew Eccles

where the Bar Kokhba rebels were
housed, feels a close relationship with
the Lithuanian findings he narrates on
camera. The broadcast will be shown
just before Yom HaShoah (Holocaust
Remembrance Day), which will be
observed from sundown to sundown
April 23-24.
“My great-grandfather came from
Vilna to the United States in 1903,” he
explains about the area now known
as Vilnius. “There was not a moment
when I was in the forest at Ponar that
I didn’t think I would have been one of
those people but for the grace of God.”
Rather than excavate and disturb
the remains, the archaeological team
used non-invasive identification meth-
ods and subsurface geophysical map-
ping technology, including Electrical
Resistivity Tomography, Ground
Penetrating Radar, Lidar remote
sensing equipment and advanced
software analysis. The devices, which
take the place of historical excavation
approaches, protect the sanctity of
sensitive sites.
“The new frontier for the study of
the Holocaust may be science,” says
Freund, a 25-year pioneer in using
advanced technology. “It may be able
to make more concrete the authentic-
ity of all the testimonies of people.
“This technology tells everything
that’s below the surface and what
kinds of materials are below the
surface. It’s used by the gas and oil
industries because they want to know
about the gas and oil and what mate-
rials are in between.
“In 2008, we worked at the Sobibor
Death Camp in Poland. It was in the
middle of a forest, and we were able to
map the subsurface and tell the Polish
archaeologists where there are no

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Tickets & Pre-Paid Parking:
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jn

April 13 • 2017

37