Europeans while the
White House and
Pentagon orchestrat-
ed a Middle East pol-
icy that often angered
those same circles.
"I think, at a cer-
tain point, he gave
Powell
up," said David
Makovsky, senior fel-
low at the Washington Institute for
Near East Policy "I tend to think that if
he wasn't content, he was resigned to
the idea that the U.S.-Israeli relation-
ship was going to be driven by the
White House."
State Department officials long have
advocated a more "even-handed"
approach to Middle East peacemaking.
They have sought international engage-
ment and have been tougher on Israel
than the rest of the administration, crit-
icizing steps such as the assassination of
Palestinian terrorist leaders, which
sometimes have caused civilian casual-
ties.
The State Department also has been
more hesitant to support Israeli Prime
Minister Ariel Sharon's plans to with-
draw unilaterally from the Gaza Strip
and erect a security barrier along Israel's
West Bank border.
Powell at times endorsed those criti-
cisms, but it was unclear whether he
truly agreed with them or was merely
representing his organization.
"It was clear he came from an inter-
nationalist school of diplomacy" said
Lewis Roth, assistant executive director
of Americans for Peace Now "He saw
the value of working in international
law to try and solve problems multilat-
erally."
Rice is considered less likely to follow
that course. U.S. Jewish officials hope
her appointment will bring consistency
to U.S. foreign policy, minimizing con-
cerns over the past four years about
divergent policy declarations from the
White House and State Department.
"We can't have a divided foreign poli-
cy" said Malcolm Hoenlein, executive
vice chairman of the Conference of
Presidents of Major American Jewish
Organizations. "You have to have a
clear foreign policy, and hopefully Dr.
Rice will have the authority to create a
consistent policy"
Rice has been Bush's key conduit to
Israeli Prime Minister Ariel Sharon dur-
ing a period of unprecedented closeness
between the two governments, and
Israeli reaction to her appointment was
positive. Rice is a "friend of Israel, and
we anticipate that under her, our strate-
gic ties with the United States will go

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35