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but it offers much, much more. As . a.
planetary scientist and an adviser to
NASA on space exploration, Grinspoon
is a believer in life elsewhere. He's a
hampion for exploring our solar sys-
tem, and heading for the stars to look
for life.
The nighttime sky has always beck-
oned, and Grinspoon introduces us to
some of the scientists who spent their
time looking up. Among them were
Copernicus, who crushed the view of an
arth-centered universe; Kepler, who
.s; corked out the mathematical laws of
planetary motion; and Galileo, whose
Observations of Jupiter's moons provided
hard evidence that the Earth was far
from the center of everything.
'By the late 19th-century, American
astronomer Percival Lowell had the
world transfixed on "canals" on Mars —
the creation of some faraway civilization,
peOle believed.
In Part II, Grinspoon takes us on a
thrilling ride through the history of,
well; everything: the Big Bang; the lives
of stars and the birth of planets; a
molten, hostile Earth and the evolution
of an ormosphere, oceans and life.
Planetary science is now an interdiscipli-
nary field requiring knowledge of cos-
mology,astronomy, physics, geology,
atmospheric sciences and molecular biol-
ogy.
With metaphor, analogy and clear,
entertaining writing, Grinspoon carries
us through eons of Earth history to help
us understand' how we got here: If we're
going to think about life beyond Earth,
we should know something about the
only other example we know of
Yet our Earthly pei:-pective,
Grinspoon writes, can De limiting; our
assumptions about what rakes life, and
what it needs to survive, maybe incom-
plete. A visit to Jupiter's moon, Europa,
by way of the aptly named spacecraft
Galileo in the .1990s, showed a fractured,
shifting shell of fresh-water ice, beneath
which scientists suspect lies a vast ocean -
that may harbor life.
How does that ocean, so far from the
sun, keep from freezing? The source of
energy that generates heat appears to be
the tidal forces of gravity exerted by
Jupiter, the massive planet that Europa
orbits — so life may not depend so
entirely on a sun, after all. Within the
next decade or two, scientists hope to
send probes back to Europa to find out
for sure.
In the meantime, other scientists are
listening for signs of life by training
radio telescopes on the stars. Grinspoon
describes the ambitious (detractors call it
fanciful) program called SETT: the
Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence. If
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f-Stop Photography Center, Inc.
39293 Grand River Avenue (at Haggerty) • Farmington Hills
248.476.2928 . Fax: 248.476.9004
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www.fstoppc.com
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from page 33
ETs are out there, interstellar space may
crackle with their radio transmissions —
just as we've been sending signals into
space ever since radio was invented.
In the end, people seem to want to
believe that we are not alone. The
author comes back to this idea when he
writes about the continuing interest in
UFOs, even an obsession in recent years
with a rock formation on Mars that
looks like a face. Grinspoon may not
believe in all those things, but he
remains a dreamer — if always a scien-
tist first.
"What do I really believe?" he writes
at the end of this terrific book. "I think
our galaxy is frill of species who have
crawled up from the slime of their home
worlds, evolved self-awareness and start-
ed to tinker, passed beyond the threat of
technological self-extermination, and
transcended their animal origins to
move out into the cosmos."
Won't it be wonderful if time will tell?
— Bruce Lieberman
Copley News Service
SCATTERED
AMONG
THE PEOPLES
TTI, T:
.13iONG
TM, PFC)PLES
By Allan Levine
(Overlook Press;
480 pp.; $35)
B
eginning with the expulsion of
Jews from Spain in 1492 and
concluding with the plight of
the Jews in the Soviet Union until 1986,
Allan Levine has scanned Jewish history,
focusing on places and people.
In Scattered Among the Peoples, he
selected 12 cities and periods: Seville,
1492; Venice, 151 6; Constantinople,
1666; Amsterdam, 1700; Vienna, 1730;
Ftaiikicart, 1.848.:. Sr. Petersburg, 1881;
Paris, 1895; New York, '15'1.3; :Berlin,
1925; Vilna, 1944; and Kiev, 1967:
For each of these, he identifies impot,
tant Jewish individuals who left their
imprint on Jewish history. By telling
their stories, Levine provides a unique
approach to understanding what hap-
pened to Diaspora Jewry during these
past 500 years.
He begins by tracing the movement of
the Abravenel family from Spain to
Portugal to Italy to Turkey, bringing to
life what happened to Spanish Jews as
they survived persecution, expulsion and
ghettoization.
The development of the Dutch Jewish
community during the 18th century is
told through examining the lives of
Abraham Pereira and his family. A
.