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Eternal City

Celebrating Yom Yerushalayim.

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that Israel be declared an international
city. The idea was promptly rejected.
• After Israel reunited Jerusalem, and
evi Eshkol made a promise.
the country's parliament said that it
Israel, he said, would not
"was and had always been the capital
start a war with Jordan. It
of Israel," many countries of the world
was June 4, 1967, and
moved their embassies to the city. The
Israel's then-prime minister sent a
exceptions: the United States,
message, via the United Nations, to
England, France, Italy, Turkey and
Jordan's King Hussein, "We shall not
Australia.
initiate any action whatsoever against
• Following Israel's victory in the 1967
Jordan."
war, among the first actions of the
There was 'more.
Knesset (the country's parliament) was
"However,"- he added, "should
to guarantee all religions access to
Jordan open hostilities, we shall react
their holy sites in the city. This free-
with all our might, and he (the king)
dom even was extended to those living
will have to bear the full responsibility
in Arab nations, which continued to
for all the consequences."
-
describe themselves as ai war with
Speaking from Amman, the
Israel.
Jordanian capital, King Hussein
Conversely, while east Jerusalem was
answered: "The hour of revenge has
under Jordanian control, Jews were
come."
forbidden from visiting the Kotel
The next day, at 8:30 in the morn-
(Western Wall), which Arab soldiers
ing, Jordan attacked Jerusalem. The
used as a toilet. Even Arabs living in
Jordanians began by entering the city's
Israel were not permitted entry into
United Nations headquarters and
eastern Jerusalem, including the al-
bombing Mt. Scopus.
Aqsa Mosque. Article VII of the Israel-
Israeli soldiers led a counterattack.
Jordan Armistice Agreement of 1949
By June 6, Israel had taken control
guaranteed Israeli residents free access
of much of eastern Jerusalem, and on
to the Kotel, but not once in Jordan's
the next day Israeli forces entered the
19-year control of the eastern part of
Old City.
the city-did they allow any Jew to visit
Once Jerusalem was in Jewish hands
there.
again, Israeli leaders immediately
Although Jewish leaders repeatedly
began restoring the city. They cut
appealed to the United Nations, U.N.
down barbed wires that had separated
officials never sought to intervene and
the eastern and western parts of
never protested to the Jordanian gov-
Jerusalem, and they destroyed road-
ernment.
blocks on streets leading into the city.
Further, Jordanian destruction of
The army took down a number of
Jewish sites in eastern Jerusalem was
what were called "snipers' walls" in the
rampant. Jewish graves were among
Old City, which Israel had erected to
the most frequent targets, and the van-
protect its citizens from frequent
dals used gravestones for building
attacks from Jordanian snipers.
materials. Jewish holy sites were used
On June 28, 1967, the city was offi-
as stables, and synagogues were dese-
cially reunited.
crated.
It has been 35 years since Jerusalem
• The average annual temperature in
— all of Jerusalem — has been in
Jerusalem is 66 degrees. The hottest
Jewish hands. This year, we celebrate
month is August, when the tempera-
the miracle on May 9, with the obser-
ture averages 75 degrees. The coldest
vance of Yom Yerushalayim (Jerusalem
month is January, when the average
Day).
temperature is 50 degrees.
• Jerusalem's Old City, home of the
Facts About Jerusalem
Kotel, had Jewish residents for thou-
• The idea of making Jerusalem an
sands of years — until Jordan took
"international city" is being advocated
over. In Jerusalem Embattled (1948),
by just about everyone these days —
author Harry Levin wrote: "Hard to
but it's hardly a new idea. In 1949,
think of the Old City without a single
Israel suggested to the United Nations
Jew. When last was there such a time?

L

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