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from page 23
such as Syria and Iran could fall into
that third group of those simply agree-
ing not to fight the U.S.-led effort.
So far, he said, the administration
has made it clear that it wants Israel's
and
help in the anti-terror effort
that it will not yield to pressure to
exclude the Jewish state. On Monday,
Prime Minister Sharon, after speaking
to Secretary of State Powell, said Israel
had been invited ro participate.
"They're making it clear Israel will
not be kept in the closer this rime," he
said. "They're telling the Arab and
Moslem states that they have to make
a choice on whether or not they stand
against terrorism, not on whether they
like Israel. That's the issue; all the
other regional or bilateral issues have
ro be put aside." Pressing the adminis-
tration to hold to that standard, he
said, will be a top priority for Jewish
groups.
Israel is applying some pressure of
its own. The Sharon government is
pressing for a wider war against terror-
ism that will target — at least rhetori-
cally and economically — groups that
have waged terror against the Jewish
state, including PLO factions.
That was part of Sharon's message to
Jewsh leaders during a conference call
late last week.
"What worries me is an attempt to
draw distinctions between Arafat's ter-
ror and against (other) terror," he told
the Jewish leaders "Terror is terror."
Despite the sweeping rhetoric, many
administration officials are pressing for
something less because of the practical
problems of attacking widely separated
countries that harbor terrorists and
because of the impact of such a strate-
gy on the effort to build a coalition
that includes Arab and Muslim coun-
tries.
Robert J. Lieber, a foreign policy
scholar ar Georgetown University, said
the administration "has to walk some
fine lines" as it puts together its coali-
tion. "The more international collabo-
ration they have, the better; you want
to deny sanctuary to terrorists, cur off
their funding and resources and
reduce their political support." The
tradeoff, he said, is that a too-broad
coalition could "interfere with our
overall objectives."
The administration has an example
of how that can happen. The 1991
Gulf War, Lieber said, was waged suc-
cessfully — "until the end, when there
was a disastrous misjudgment about
the need to bring Saddam [Hussein]
down." Pressures from U.S. coalition
partners, he said, may have been a sig-
nificant factor in that misjudgment.
The Domestic Front
Jewish groups also will play a critical
domestic role as Congress reacts to
the worst-ever terror attack and the
early stages of the U.S. response.
One role was apparent soon after
the blast: a number of Jewish groups,
responding to reports of vandalism
and violence against Arab-American
and Moslem people and institutions,
spoke out strongly against blaming an
entire community.
Relations between the two commu-
nities are likely to be strained,
though, when Congress begins exam-
ining new and much toucher anti-ter-
ror policies.
"I would hope and expect there will
be broad support for legislation to
roughen our ability to respond ro ter-
rorism," said Dan Mariaschin, execu-
tive vice president of B'nai B'rith
Internat i onal.
Many analysts say the Jewish com-
munity
a traditional supporter of
unbending civil rights protections,
but also a vocal advocate of tougher
policies against terrorists — is
uniquely positioned to play a bridg-
ing role in a debate that may be driv-
en, at least initially, by the surge of
national fury.
"We were a critical voice in 1996,
arguing for both a strong anti-terror-
ism bill and for a bill that safeguard-
ed civil liberties," said Richard- Foltin,
legislative director for the American
Jewish Committee. "The bill that was
passed then despite the fact that
our friends in the ACLU will never
be fully satisfied — offers that kind
of balance. "
But Arab-American and Muslim
groups have fought elements of that
law in court, including provisions
that allow the use of secret evidence
in deportation hearings. Any new leg-
islation is likely to provoke even
stronger opposition.
Even Jewish groups that have tradi-
tionally manned the civil liberties
barricades will likely support stronger
anti-terror laws that could curb some
freedoms.
"I think there will be a profound
recalculation of the balance between
civil liberties and the need for securi-
ty," said Phil Baum, executive direc-
tor of the American Jewish Congress.
"We've always wanted civil rights to
remain inviolate in this country;
that's an ideal we've had that is going
to require some rethinking." But the
key, he said, is finding a new balance,
not skewing the entire process toward
the national security side of the equa-
tion. E-1.,