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ROSH HASHANAH from page 145

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146

past year and decides the fate of each
The person blowing the shofar and the
life.
congregation then responsively recite
Rosh Hashanah also is referred to as
seven verses drawn from Psalms and
the Day of Remembrance (Yom ha-
Lamentations. The shofar blower next
Zikaron), when God remembers the
recites two blessings, after which he
world, and we remember our special
blows three sets of shofar blasts. This is
relationship with Him, the Torah and
followed by a responsive reading of
the land of
three verses from
Israel. We
Psalm 89.
also reflect
In the
on our lives
Ashkenazic rite,
during the
the shofar is again
past year,
blown during the
remember-
cantor's repetition
ing the
of the Musaf
right and
Amidah; in the
the wrong
Sephardic rite, the
of our
shofar is blown
thoughts and actions.
during the congregation's
Top: Round
Rosh Hashanah further is
challahs, apples
silent Amidah prayer.
regarded
as the day we pub-
Along with Yom Kippur,
and honey are
licly
acknowledge
the sover-
traditional at this
Rosh Hashanah is the only
eignty of God.
day we prostrate ourselves in
time.
prayer — in a modified
• Customs And Traditions:
form — as was done in the
A Rosh Hashanah
More so than any other
days of the Holy Temple in
card from Alaska
Jewish holiday, Rosh
Jerusalem. The prostration is
carved on a
Hashanah is replete with
walrus tusk.
done during the Aleinu por-
symbolic foods, the best
tion of the Amidah prayer
known of which is honey.
(the same Aleinu was later
We dip slices of apple in honey and
added to the end of each of the three
recite a prayer expressing our hopes for
daily services, but without prostration).
a sweet year to come. Many people also
Prostration is performed by kneeling
dip their bread in honey, instead of the
and touching the forehead to the floor.
usual salt, for the motzi prayer that
It is practiced almost exclusively by
begins the meal.
Orthodox Jews.
Other symbolic foods include the head
of a fish or the head of a sheep (a play
Thematic
Significance
Of
The
•
on the "rosh" part of Rosh Hashanah),
Holiday: Rosh Hashanah carries three
carrots (based on a Yiddish pun on the
main themes.
word for "increase") or pomegranates
Beyond its importance as the begin-
(which have many seeds, symbolic of
ning of the calendar year, Rosh
many
children or many good deeds).
Hashanah is regarded as tlle day of
Families
have their own traditions
judgment (Yom ha-Din), when God
regarding
symbolic foods.
weighs the acts of each person over the

41~

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The day immediately following Rosh Hashanah is Tzom Gedaliah. This is one
of four fasts that begins at sunrise and ends at sundown (as opposed to Yom
Kippur and Tisha b'Av, which are 2-4,-hour fasts). It commemorates the murder
of Gedaliah ben Achikam, governor of Israel in the time of King
Nebuchadnezzar of Babylonia. Nebuchadnezzar not only attacked and
destroyed much of Israel, including the sacred Temple sanctuary, he also exiled
virtually the entire Jewish population there — except a few, including the man
he appointed as governor, Gedaliah ben Achikam.
A rival king ordered the assassination of Gedaliah. His hired hit man was
Yishmael ben Netaniah, a Jew. In their decision to institute a fast day in
Gedaliah's memory, the rabbis said, "the death of the righteous is likened to the
burning of the house of God "