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Latest Iranian "confessions" spur
concerns about advocacy.

MICHAEL J. JORDAN
Jewish Telegraphic Agency

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I

ran's Revolutionary Court has

recorded two more "confes-
sions" from the 13 Iranian Jews
accused of spying for Israel,
bringing to five the number who have
reportedly admitted their guilt.
The court's perfect record in con-
fessions — which the five have
claimed were voluntary, apparently in
hopes of receiving mercy — has pro-
voked further outcry from leading
advocates for the "Iran 13."
The advocates continue to insist on
their innocence, describing the pro-
ceedings as a political show trial. .
At the same time, advocates worry
that the string of admissions may be
creating strains in the global coalition
that has rallied to the defense of the
accused.
"The concern we have is that too
many well-meaning people are starting
to doubt themselves," said Malcolm
Hoenlein, executive vice chairman of
the Conference of Presidents of Major
American Jewish Organizations. "As
each one confesses, people on all sides
are asking, 'How can they all be con-
fessing?' But they don't understand the
circumstances under which these con-
fessions are being made."

Closed Hearings

At a closed hearing Monday, Ramin
Farzam, 36, and Nasser Levi-Haim,
46, apart-time Hebrew teacher,
allegedly confessed.
Levi-Haim's confession, in particu-
lar, startled advocates, who had been
led to believe by their sources within
the Iranian judiciary that religious
leaders in the community would not
be lumped into the group of so-called
conspirators.
After the hearing, Levi-Haim
reportedly told reporters: "I swear on
the Torah, in whose service I have
been for 40 years, that I was under no
duress in court to confess. I got reli-
giously involved, and I was tricked by
Israeli agents."
There appears ample reason to be
skeptical about his confession.
In the Revolutionary Court, the

judge is also the prosecutor, the jury
and the chief interrogator behind bars,
said Sam Kermanian, secretary-general
of the American Iranian Jewish
Federation in Los Angeles.
"The authorities don't even need to
use physical or psychological torture,"
said Kermanian. "The judge could
visit and say, 'Listen, my son, you can-
not hope to get anywhere by not -
cooperating with me.' Anybody in
their right mind would think, 'OK,
this guy can execute me if he wants.
My only chance is if I give him what
he wants and hope for leniency.'
"Some of them have been in prison
for almost 16 months, where their
only contact with the outside was five
minutes a week of supervised time
with their families, through thick glass
and monitored telephone. The other
10,075 minutes of the week, they
were under the influence of the
authorities."

Confessions Common

The Iran 13 would also be well aware
of the fate that has befallen other
Iranian Jews accused of spying. Since
the Islamic Revolution in 1979, 17
Iranian Jews have been executed, most
of them having been convicted of
espionage.
Spying is also a common charge
leveled against Iranian dissidents. The
punishment has ranged from short
prison sentences to execution, but
some of those convicted have also had
their eyes gouged out or limbs severed.
Confessions are commonplace and
often repeated on television, just as
four of the five Iranian Jews have
done, said Pooya Dayanim,
spokesman for the Los Angeles-based
Council of Iranian American Jewish
Organizations.
"The Iranian public has come to
recognize that these confessions are
made under pressure," Dayanim said.
With that in mind, there seems to
be no doubt among Iranian Jewish
emigres that the Iran 13 are complete-
ly innocent.
That some outside observers are
now wondering if the 13 are, in fact,
guilty of the charges is prompting
activists like Dayanim to release more
details about how this case evolved