Jewry's Role in
Human Affairs

MASTERS OF MEDICAL MARVELS - I
Welcome to the reissue of our popular biweekly series--brief profiles of
Jewish men and women who have enriched the well-being and culture of
people the world-over during remote to recent times. Among them stand
Nobel Laureates in Physiology or Medicine whose discoveries have saved
and continue to save many millions of lives everywhere. Meet several of
them now.

PAUL EHRLICH
(1854-1915) b. Strehlen, Silesiab Bacteriologist
and Biochemist The tireless researcher brought
diagnostic medicine to new heights by employing
dyes to stain and identify bacteria and tissues, and
for treating disease. The procedure led to his
triumphant discovery of Salvarsan, also known as
606, which cured syphilis and laid the foundations
of modern chemotherapy. Ehrlich was also hailed
as a founder of the emerging science of hematology and for major
contributions to immunology for which he received a 1908 Nobel Prize.

Abdullah
DEM
Barak

OIIRA0E1O

SELMAN WAKSMAN
(1888-1973) b. Priluki, Russia Microbiologist
While at Rutgers University in New Jersey he
devised methods to culture and identify strains of
microbes whose secretions killed infectious
bacteria. By 1944 he isolated streptomycin, the
first and most widely used chemotherapeutic agent
of its time. Waksman called it an "antibiotic," the
name that clung to other such substances he and
his successors have since developed. The winner of a Nobel Prize in 1952
had inspired a family of pharmaceuticals rightly called medical miracles.
- Saul Stadtmauer

"We can be proud that the first American man to receive a Nobel Prize for
Physics was Albert Michaelson, a Jew, and the first American woman to
win a Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
was Rosalyn Yalow, Jewish as well."
- Walter L. Field

Visit many more notable Jews at our website: www.dorledor.org

COMMISSION FOR THE DISSEMINATION OF JEWISH HISTORY
Walter & Lea Field, Founders/Sponsors
Irwin S. Field, Chairperson
Harriet F. Siden, Chairperson

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KARL LANDSTEINER
(1868-1943) b. Vienna, Austria Bacteriologist
and Pathologist
His landmark discovery of
human blood groups and the Rh factor followed
his 1922 appointment to New York's Rockefeller
Institute for Medical Research. The resulting
realization of accurate blood matching for safe
transfusions earned him a Nobel Prize in 1930.
Forensic medicine was also given a tool for con-
firming the parentage of children. Equally important, Landsteiner's early
studies of the poliomyelitis virus helped guide Jonas Salk in producing an
anti-polio vaccine.

Visiting Israel, Jordan's
king focuses on peace.

impact on Jordan's domestic politics.
Abdullah traveled to Israel for a
four-hour visit Sunday, steering his
royal yacht from the Jordanian resort
Jerusalem
of Aqaba to the neighboring Israeli
oncern about the slow pace
resort of Eilat.
of Israeli-
Abdullah was accompa-
Palestinian
Israeli Prime Minister
nied
by his Palestinian
negotiations
Ehud Barak, right,
wife,
Queen Rania, and
prompted Jordan's King
escorts Jordanian King
was
greeted
by Israeli
Abdullah to make his
Abdullah II during the
Prime
Minister
Ehud
first state visit to Israel
arrival ceremony in the
Barak in a red carpet cere-
since ascending to the
Israeli port city of Eilat, mony at an Israeli naval
throne last year.
on April 23.
base in Eilat.
Jordan has a large
stake in those negotia-
Pushing A Deal
tions, which touch on what to do with
Palestinian refugees and on the final
Abdullah urged Barak to continue his
borders of Israel and a Palestinian
attempt to trade land for peace with
state.
the Palestinians.
More than half of Jordan's popula-
"Land for peace has been accepted
tion comes from Palestinian families
by all parties since 1991 and must con-
who fled there during Israel's 1948
tinue to guide us wherever obstacles in
War of Independence. The final peace
the process emerge," Abdullah said.
agreement Israel and the Palestinians
He also is hopeful there will be a
are trying to reach will have a deep
breakthrough this year in the talks,

NAOMI SEGAL
Jewish Telegraphic Agency

