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The Water

Independence Day (July 4) and Canada Day
ewish presence in American and Canadian history.

e Jewish population in Canada. His
test, Branching Out: The
"innsformation of the Canadian Jewish
o m munity (Stoddart; $27.95), looks at
z1 - 1920s - '90s. It is a sequel to Taking
!oot: The Origins of the Canadian Jewish
hi , ' ommunity, which chronicles the years
rom the late 1760s-1920.
"Small-town Jewish communities had
ne shul and tended to be Orthodox
ecause that was the immigrants' way,"
e author says. "Canada did not have a
.rge number of German immigrants, so
Aere was no strong support for the
eform movement. The community
:e p t to the more traditional."
Tulchinsky moved into his books

h

GERALD 11.1LCHINSICI
;,

Author o. wr.arktrftelos27tini IQ*

,..,
(
rom an interest as an economic histori-
n. While looking into the development
f the clothing manufacturing industry
n Montreal, the professor realized that
he story was, to a large extent, a Jewish
tory because the big players — manu-
acturers and the labor sector — con-
ained very large percentages of Jews.
"The story was not just economic,"
r fulchinsky says. "It involved immigra-
tion, settlement and political activity
nd mushroomed from there.
To do his books, Tulchinsky visited
Canadian archives around the country
nd went to other archives in England,
The United States and Israel. He focused
on important themes and personalities
land the impact of British and French
influences as the Jewish population
grew to its current 360,000, just over 1
percent of the country's population.
"The Canadian Jewish community
always has been distinctive because the
Canadian context was different,"
Tulchinsky comments. "The population
is o\ ,Twhelmingly British and French.
Wh:.c the United States is a repubL

"

with a separate national personality,
Canada has associated itself with the
British Commonwealth of Nations. The
Canadian Jewish community has not
been challenged to be Canadians as the
American Jewish community has been
challenged to be Americans."
These different national attitudes
set different takes on Zionism. While
support for Israel in the United States
posed a question of dual loyalty, sup-
port for Israel did not result in a simi-
lar loyalty issue in Canada.
Educational issues in Canada also
were distinct. "Jews in Quebec, where
the vast majority of Jews in Canada
lived until 1920, faced a context unlike
any they faced in North America," the
author notes. "Under Canadian law,
two separate school systems were estab-
lished — French Catholic and the
Protestant minority. When the Jewish
population began to arrive in large
numbers, there was no public system
for them." The Jewish community had
to create its own network of schools.
Tulchinsky did not anticipate that
his research would show how involved
the Canadian- Jewish Congress would
become in recruiting Jews into the
military, and he writes about service
personnel during World War II and
the activities of Jewish chaplains.
The Bronfman family, one of the
most influential after becoming
wealthy through the liquor business,
looms large throughout the book.
Louis Rasminsky, a former governor of
the Bank of Canada whose position is
somewhat comparable to that of Alan
Greenspan of the Federal Reserve
Board, also is discussed.
Tulchinsky ultimately describes
how diffuse the Jewish community in
Canada has become and calls it a
community of communities." The
Canadian Jewish Congress and the
Zionists have diminished positions.
Throughout the book, there are
short readings and poems.
"I think that poetry expresses the
soul of the human experience," says
Tulchinsky, who has presented academic
papers at Michigan State University.
"Montreal was a center of Yiddish poet-
ry unrivaled in North America, and it
was partly a reflection of the intense
communal strength of Montreal Jews."

"

— Suzanne Chessler

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Detroit Jewish News

7/2
1999

81