OPINION
Kosovo's Cry
To Nuremberg
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SARA J. BLOOMFIELD
Special to the Jewish News
A
t a recent NATO briefing,
the Yugoslav authorities were
charged with digging up
mass graves of ethnic Albani-
ans in Kosovo in a systematic effort to
destroy evidence that could be used
against them in war crimes trials. Both
common sense and history say this
should not surprise us, but it is still
cause for alarm. Without evidence,
there can be no justice; without an
attempt at justice, any moral reckoning
with history will remain incomplete.
Such a reckoning is no guarantee
against future atrocities, but without it,
prevention is impossible. Evidence par-
ticularizes culpability, teaching us that
ethnic cleansing" is not an inevitable,
spontaneous, mass eruption of cen-
turies-old antagonisms. Rather, it is the
product of an organized campaign built
on misuse of the media, the fear and
indifference of a citizenry, and a sense
of impunity bolstered by recent history
in Bosnia and Rwanda.
Kosovo is not the Holocaust, but
for those seeking to address the tragic
situation there, the implications of
the Nuremberg Trials are significant.
Relatively early in World War II, the
U.S. government received information
that the Nazis planned to murder all
the Jews of Europe. In August 1942,
word reached the highest echelons at
the State Department that the Nazis'
virulent anti-Semitism had become a
systematic program to kill every Jew in
Europe. Although the U.S. government
did not act — and, in fact, tried to sup-
press it — it did investigate. By
November 1942, our government had
established that what seemed an incred-
ible allegation was true.
Only a year later, on Oct. 20, 1943,
would a United Nations War Crimes
Commission be established. The fol-
lowing month, the United States, Great
Britain and the Soviet Union, speaking
for all 32 countries then at war with
Germany, issued the Moscow Declara-
tion. It publicly committed them to
pursue Nazi war criminals "to the utter-
most ends of the earth" so that justice
might be achieved.
Thus began a series of historical
events, military activities, political
strategies, and legal developments
that culminated in the post-war
Nuremberg Trials and other less well-
known proceedings.
The establishment of this interna-
tional tribunal of victors to address
the crimes of the vanquished was
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