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11 864

Orthodox Alternative
Is A New Development

Israel's knitted kippah crowd is struggling
to regain its moral stature.

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n Israel, "modern Orthodox"
means "non-haredi." The mod-
ern Orthodox — now on the
defensive since the Rabin as-
sassination — are those who do
not dress in the standard black
and white attire. They wear knit-
ted (instead of black) yarmulkes,
live among the non-religious ma-
jority, study secular subjects as
well as Jewish ones, work for a
living and serve in the Army.
Since the Six Day War and the
settlement of the West Bank and
Gaza, modern Orthodoxy has be-
come dominated by nationalistic
views ofJudaism and Israeli pol-
itics. The vanguard of Israeli
modern Orthodoxy are the reli-
gious settlers and their support-
ers, mainly in Jerusalem. Mainly
of their leaders are in speech
harshly right-wing rabbis.
Their vast infrastructure in-
cludes the Bnei Akiva" youth
movement, religious public
schools and private yeshiva high
schools, and a network of yeshiv-
as where religious soldiers study
in conjunction with their Army
service.
Yigal Amir was a brilliant off-
spring of that community, as
were his suspected co-conspira-
tors. National religious rabbis
have been called in by police for
investigation into whether they
ruled that according to Jewish
law, Mr. Rabin deserved to be
killed. The international, and, to
a great extent, the Israeli view
now is that Judaism, like so
many other religions, can become
lethal when mixed with uncom-
promising nationalism.
There is, however, another
voice of Orthodoxy in Israel.
There are many moderate rab-
bis, at least one Orthodox Jewish

studies institute — Jerusalem's
Shalom Hartman Institute, di-
rected by Rabbi David Hartman
— a religious peace movement,
and a dormant, moderate Or-
thodox political party, Meimad
(Dimension), that might run
again in next October's election.
There is also a new minister in
the government, Rabbi Yehuda
Amital, who speaks for this al-
ternative Orthodox voice. After
the assassination, Rabbi Amital,
leader of Meimad and co-director
of Har Etzion yeshiva in the
Gush Etzion settlements, lashed
out at the national religious rab-
bis for introducing a simplistic,
black-and-white Judaism to Is-
rael, one in which extremism was
inevitable.
"We've raised a generation on
slogans and cliches. Our youth is
incapable of dealing with a com-
plex reality," Rabbi Amital said.
Rabbi Hartman stresses a sim-
ilar objection to the post-Six Day
War direction of Orthodoxy —
that it has become rote, slavish
to texts, and merciless in its ap-
plication of Jewish law. "We've
become automatons of Halachah
(Jewish law), halachic monsters
— whenever there's a problem,
we want to find the halachic rul-
ing to plug in for an answer," he
said.
What's needed, according to
Rabbi Hartman, is the under-
standing that Jewish texts alone
cannot make a good Jew or a
good person: 'We need to read the
Torah with human eyes, with an
independent moral conscience."
He adds that Orthodoxy has em-
phasized Judaism's nationalistic
elements at the expense of other,
more humane messages, such as

ALTERNATIVE page 62

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