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Water could be the crucial issue in giving up
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S A R T E R • ALTERNATORS • FAN BELTS • FLOOR MATS • SEAT COVERS • JUMPER CABLES • BRAKE SPECIAL • WIPERS "cl
-
s Israel and Syria gear up
to resume negotiations, an
issue getting short shrift
is water. What will hap-
pen to Israel's water supply if the
Golan, and specifically the Ba-
nias River (one of the three
sources of the Jordan), pass out
of Israeli control?
Control of the Banias is a ques-
tion going back to 1923, when
Britain and France were negoti-
ating the boundary between their
respective mandates of Palestine
and Lebanon-Syria. The British
wanted the Banias to be includ-
ed in Palestine, explains Yossi
Lev-Ari of the Beit Usishkin Mu-
seum in Kibbutz Dan.
The British officer in charge of
the talks, Lt. Col. S.F. Newcombe,
demanded that all three of the
Jordan's sources (the Dan, the
Banias, and the Hatzbani) be un-
der British control. The problem
was that the main road connect-
ing two areas under French con-
trol ran between the Banias and
the Jordan, and it had been
agreed that the international bor-
der would not cut any transport
routes. Lieutenant Newcombe
asked London to build a new
stretch of road, but the govern-
ment balked at allocating 5,000
porinds sterling for the project.
The result was that the source of
the Banias, as well as the
Hatzbani, remained just beyond
the frontier of Mandatory Pales-
tine, and of pre-1967 Israel.
Today, both of these tributaries
are in Israeli-controlled territo-
ry. But the fear is that if Israel
withdraws from these areas, it
will cut off its annual water sup-
ply of 1.8-1.9 billion cubic meters
at a time when water resources
are stretched almost to the limit.
According to Dr. Amikam
Nachmani of Bar-Ilan Universi-
ty, Israelis consume an annual
average of 400 to 500 cubic me-
ters of water per person. Admit-
tedly, this is only a fifth of the
consumption rate in the United
States and a fourth of that in Eu-
rope, but it's five to six times more
than average in the surrounding
Arab states and two to three
times more than in the West
Bank and Gaza. At the same
time, the Middle East population
is growing. Syria has burgeoned
from 4.5 million in the 1960s to
13 million. With the influx of
Palestinian refugees from the
Gulf states, the population of Jor-
dan has swelled in the last five
years. As part of the Israel-Jor-
dan peace treaty, and despite the
arrival of 500,000 immigrants
from the former Soviet Union, Is-
rael has agreed to transfer to Jor-
dan 50 million cubic meters of
water from the Sea of Galilee
(about 2.5 percent of its stock).
Between the surrounding
states and the Palestinians, Is-
rael's negotiating partners are de-
manding some two-thirds of its
total water supply. Of course, de-
manding is one thing and getting
is another. Still, as one water ex-
pert connected with the negoti-
ations points out, even small
changes can have a radical effect
on Israel's overall supply because
of the ecological balance of its
chief reservoir, the Sea of Galilee.
This lake, which supplies some
40 percent of Israel's drinkable
water, receives 70 to 80 percent
of its water from the Jordan and
other Golan streams flowing di-
rectly into its basin.
The Sea of Galilee is affected
by everything from the amount
of water drawn for the National
Water Carrier (Israel's main wa-
ter supply) and allowed to flow
south into the Lower Jordan to
the polluting influence of tourism
around the lake and economic ac-
tivity on the Golan. The expert
explains, "If the Heights were in
Syrian hands, they would have
the power to contaminate
[whether by accident or design]
Israel's chief water reservoir."
Industrial and agricultural pol-
lution are not the only concerns.
The lower the water level, the
saltier the water.
"Israel may be able to forfeit 10
percent of its water supply and
make up the shortfall through
such alternative means as de-
salinization [removal of salt] or
the import of water," the expert
continues. "But if those 200 mil-
lion cubic meters are lost to the
Sea of Galilee itself, the resulting
level of salinity will make its wa-
ter undrinkable, and then 40 per-
cent of Israeli potable water will
go."
A disaster of that sort would
leave Israel drawing all its drink-
ing water from the country's un-
derground water sources. But the
more that water is drawn from
these sources, the saltier they will
become.
Kibbutznik Lev-Ari shares
that sense of uneasiness over the
magnitude of the problem vs. its
rank in the scale of priorities.
`We've lived in the shadow of
Syrian guns before and we can do
so again," he says of the security
issue from the vantage of Kibbutz
Dan. "But it's the water question
that has me concerned. That's a
strategic issue.