Females generally start pu-
berty between ages 10 and 14. In
males it starts from 12 to 16
years of age. Once puberty be-
gins, it typically is complete with-
in three years.
Although it's not always reli-
able, there is a rough formula for
predicting how tall a child will
be. For boys, add the mother's
and father's height in inches, and
another 5 inches and divide by
two. For girls, add the mother's
and father's height in inches,
subtract 5 inches and divide by
two. The standard deviation for
both formulas is 4 inches.
What should a parent do to
comfort a child who is unhappy
about being short?
"It's important to let the child
know being short is not a disease,
that different people have dif-
ferent growth rates and genetic
potential," Dr. Kardori says. "The
best we can do is to remove any
adverse, hostile, external influ-
ence." ❑
Researcher Discovers
`Death-Causing' Genes
At The rfrowbridge we're
serving up the spice of life.
Professor Adi Kimchi has identified two new genes.
I
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ti
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he search for genetic
changes which may be in-
volved in the develop-
ment of cancer has been
advanced by Professor Adi Kim-
chi, recently appointed to the
Helena Rubinstein Chair of
Cancer Research at the Weis-
mann Institute of Science.
Using special techniques she
developed, the Weizmann In-
stitute molecular biologist has
identified two new genes that
mediate controlled cell death, a
process that normally occurs in
developing tissues and during
immune-cell activity and viral
infections. Because damage to
these genes could interfere with
cell removal and thereby con-
tribute to uncontrolled tissue
growth, their discovery may lead
to an improved understanding
of the appearance of tumors.
Work to isolate other such genes
and identify cancers in which
they are faulty is now in
progress in Professor Kimchi's
laboratory.
Professor Kimchi, who works
at the Weizmann Institute's de-
partment of molecular genetics
and virology, explains that ba-
sic cancer research underwent
major restructuring almost two
decades ago when biologists be-
gan to realize that full-blown
malignant growth results from
the accumulation of multiple ge-
netic changes in a cell, includ-
ing damage to genes that
normally suppress tumor de-
velopment. When genes sup-
pressing cell division or those
that kill cells when they should
normally die are accidentally al-
tered, abnormal unconstrained
growth may occur. The Weiz-
mann researcher seeks to eluci-
date the normal molecular
mechanisms that restrict cell
multiplication and analyzes how
this goes awry in tumor devel-
opment.
The functions shed
light on how the
"death sentence"
is carried out.
In her studies, Professor Kim-
chi takes advantage of natural-
ly occurring proteins known as
cytokines, which arrest the
growth of cells or even bring on
their death. Aided by a broad
"antisense" DNA-fragment li-
brary she developed, she is able
to identify genes activated in re-
sponse to cytokine stimulation.
(