GREAT ACCELERATION.
The Story Of Four Jewish Boys
Who Grew Up To Be Assassins
ELIZABETH APPLEBAUM ASSOCIATE EDITOR
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Q: How would a Jew who lives in
a region of the earth where there
are six months of daylight and six
months of night observe Shabbat?
And while we're on the subject of
unique Shabbats, how would a Jew
traveling in outer space observe the
Sabbath?
From reader D.J. in Southfield
A: Jews who reside in arctic
regions where half the year is
daylight and half the year is night
do indeed have a problem ob-
serving Shabbat.
According to Halachah, a day
is based on astronomical obser-
vation: "It was evening and it was
morning, one day" (Genesis 1:5).
It could be said that in polar re-
gions there is only one, long day
and never a seven-day week, thus
no opportunity exists to observe
Shabbat.
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AND
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This is not a new problem, and
many rabbis have devised solu-
tions to it. Two opinions probably
provide the best alternatives.
The first is that Jews in the far
north should keep Shabbat
according to the timetables of
Jerusalem. The second opinion
recommends following the Shab-
bat schedule of the nearest Jew-
ish community with ordinary
daylight and nighttime.
Jews traveling in outer space
have a much more difficult
problem.
Our reckoning of time is earth
based: we designate the earth's
rotation on its axis as days, the
cycles of the moon as months, and
the earth's circuit around the sun
as seasons and years. A person
in outer space would not experi-
ence any of these events. Thus, a
week in outer space would be en-
tirely contrived.
Some halachic authorities
might recommend following
Jerusalem time — especially if
the Jew is in a craft orbiting the
earth. Still, it is highly question-
able whether the seventh day of
a contrived week could be desig-
nated as Shabbat.
Shalom Schwarzbard, a na-
Q: Throughout history, there have
tive
of Bessarabia, moved to Paris
been any number of anti-Semites
where he worked as a watch-
who killed Jews. But have Jews maker and wrote Yiddish poetry.
ever killed any anti-Semites?
In 1917, when he was 31, he re-
A: Pinchas Dashewski was turned to Russia and joined the
born in Russia in 1879 into an as- Red Guard where he fought
similated family. In St. Peters- against the anti-Bolshevik White
burg, in June 1903, he stabbed forces, including Semyon Pet-
and slightly wounded Pavolaki lyura's Cossack army, in the
Krushevan, a Russian journalist Ukraine. In the winter of 1919,
whose fanatical, anti-Semitic Petlyura's forces committed
articles helped instigate the in- vicious pogroms, claiming 50,000
famous Kishinev pogroms two Jewish victims, including
months earlier. The court sen- Schwarzbard's family. In 1920,
tenced Dashewski to five years of Schwarzbard returned to Paris,
hard labor, but he was released where Petlyura had settled in
in 1906. A left-
wing Zionist, he
remained in Rus-
sia and continued
his Zionist activi-
ties. After the Bol-
shevik Revolution
of 1917, he was ar-
rested, and in
1934, he died in
prison.
The son of a
David
rabbi,
Frankfurther
was born in Croa-
tia in 1909. As a
medical student in
Germany, he wit-
nessed the Nazi
rise to power and
the beginning of
its anti-Jewish
campaign. He left
Germany to study
medicine in Davos,
Switzerland. In
1936, he shot and
killed Wilhelm
Gustloff, head of Hersh Lekert was hanged after killing an anti Semite.
the Swiss Nazi
party. Sentenced
to 18 years of imprisonment, he 1921. Five years later,
served almost nine years. After Schwarzbard shot him dead. In
World War II he was pardoned, 1927, a French court acquitted
but banished forever from Schwarzbard. He died in Cape
Switzerland. (The order was re- Town in 1938.
scinded in 1969). Frankfurther
Q:ls it true that the longest sym-
settled in Israel, where he worked
phony in the world was written by
for the ministry of defense.
Hersh Lekert was born in a Jew?
1880 in a small Lithuanian town.
A: Yes. Gustav Mahler's Sym-
A shoemaker by trade, he became phony No. 3 in D minor is one-
active in the extreme left-wing hour, 34 minutes long (the
Bund Jewish Workers' Party. In first movement alone lasts 45
May 1902, Lekert shot and minutes).
wounded the governor of Vilna
Born in 1860 in Austria, he
because he had ordered the flog- began working as a conductor in
ging of 26 labor demonstrators, 1881. He later converted to
including 20 Jews. Although Catholicism.
Lekert's motive was political,
Vilna's Jewish population, who
hated the anti-Semitic governor, Send questions to "Tell Me Why"
regarded Lekert as a hero. In c/o The Jewish News, 27676
June 1902, a military court con- Franklin Rd., Southfield, MI
victed Lekert and he was hanged. 48034 or send fax to 354-6069.
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