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855-5571 ,
Why Those Dodge Boys
Had A Six-Pointed Star
ELIZABETH APPLEBAUM ASSOCIATE EDITOR
Q: Was Oskar Schindler the only
German to use his business to save
Jews during the Holocaust?
A: Hermann Friedrich Graebe
saved many of the Jews working
for him in Nazi-occupied
Ukraine.
Born in Solingen, Germany, in
1900, Graebe was employed by
the Jung construction company.
He joined the Nazi Party, but be-
came disgusted by their policies
and tactics. For speaking out
against the Nazis, he was sen-
tenced to a short prison term.
In October 1941, the Jung
company sent Graebe to Zdol-
bunov, south of Rovno in the
Ukrainian province of Volynia.
He was to manage Jung's pro-
jects there, under contract to the
Nazi civil administration.
The Nazis forced thousands of
Jews to work for Jung. Graebe
ensured they were well treated.
Taking advantage of his contacts
with the Sicherheitsdienst (the
SD — Nazi intelligence and lat-
er, mobile killing squads) in
Rovno, Graeber saved his work-
ers from deportation to death
camps.
In 1942, he provided Jewish
workers at the Jung head office
in Zdolbunov with false Aryan
identity papers and, without the
company's knowledge, had them
transferred to Poltava, hundreds
of miles east. Graebe supported
them out of his own resources.
After the war, Graebe re-
turned to Germany. At the
Nuremberg trials, he testified re-
garding the several occasions on
which he observed mass murders
of Jews by the SS with the help
of Ukrainian militiamen.
Because of his Jew-saving
heroism and anti-Nazi testimo-
ny, Graebe had a difficult life in
Germany. He immigrated to the
United States and settled in San
Francisco, where he died in 1986.
Graebe's name can be found in
the garden of Righteous Gentiles
at Yad Vashem, where he was
honored in 1966.
Q: As a collector of antique and
classic automobiles, I have the op-
portunity to observe many makes of
historic vehicles. Among these cars
is a very durable one produced early
on by the Dodge brothers. What is
particularly interesting is their logo.
It consisted of a six-pointed star in
blue and white that adorned the front
of all their vehicles from the teens to
well into the 1930s. In addition to be-
ing on the cars themselves, the star
also served as the corporate logo un-
til the Dodge brothers sold out to Wal-
ter Chrysler. I have been unable to
find a satisfactory explanation for
this Jewish symbol on the cars. Can
Tell Me Why tell me why?
From reader DK in West Bloomfield
A: Others may
dodge your
challenging
question,
but natural-
ly Tell Me
Why always
goes in high
gear whenever
in search of the
truth, no matter how much we
may tire. We're glad you came to
the right information highway
for your answer.
Indeed the Dodge logo looks
amazingly like a Magen David.
But there was nothing Jewish
about it, the Dodge brothers or
their company.
As explained by Caroline Lath-
am and David Agresta in their
1989 book Dodge Dynasty, "The
symbol...represented Greek
deltas, and also was supposed to
represent the mystical union of
two opposing forces: the light and
the dark, the mind and the body,
the flesh and the spirit, or pos-
sibly Horace and John (Dodge,
founders of the company)."
Incidentally, there is no evi-
dence that King David used the
interlocked triangles as his in-
signia. The symbol came to be
called Magen David (shield of
David) because people assumed
that the triangles were actually
Greek deltas, the initial letter of
David, and supposed to represent
his name. The delta, from which
evolved the English letter D, is
in fact derived from the Canaan-
ite, Phoenician and Paleo-He-
brew letter dalet, also a triangle.
Loyal readers of Tell Me Why
(and really, isn't that everyone
on the face of the planet?) know
that previously we explained that
while the hexagram (six-pointed
star) has a long history within
Judaism, it did not become ex-
clusively associated with Jews
until well into the 20th century.
(The first Dodge car that carried
the hexagram logo came out in
1915; the Dodge brothers' com-
pany was sold to Chrysler in
1928.)
(For information on the Dodge
brothers, as well as on all aspects
of the automobile industry, see
the National Automotive Histo-
ry Collection at the main branch
of the Detroit Public Library.)
❑
Send questions to "Tell Me Why"
c/o The Jewish News, 27676
Franklin Rd., Southfield, MI
48034