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which it has been going through
since 1992 for Russia, 1990 for the
entire Soviet Union."
"Under the amendment, a
country determined to be in com-
pliance continues to have its em-
igration policies closely monitored
by the United States," the Na-
tional Conference noted in its
statement.
"Should there be a deteriora-
tion of Russia's emigration poli-
cies, the president has the legal
authority to revoke the finding of
compliance," it said.
Jerry Goodman, founding di-
rector of the National Conference
and a current member of its
board, said the group's statement
is "a good thing, for two reasons:
one, to show that the Jewish com-
munity is responsive to changes;
and two, that Jackson-Vanik is
flexible and can be used to re-
spond to those same changes.
This is what the amendment
was designed to do."
It also "supports the president,"
he explained. "The president
makes the judgment whether .
they are in compliance, and there-
fore the responsibility falls in the
president's hands."
The National Conference state-
ment makes note of the fact that
"since 1989, more than 200,000
Jews from Russia have been per-
mitted to emigrate," mainly to Is-
rael. And in the same time period,
the number of so-called "refusenik
cases" — Jews refused permis-
sion to emigrate — "has been re-
duced significantly."
Significantly, the National
Conference statement appears to
have broad appeal among Sovi-
et Jewry advocacy groups.
For instance, the Union of
Councils, an umbrella body of
grass-roots advocacy groups that
has often sought more stringent
requirements of the Soviet Union
and its successor states than the
National Conference, is in agree-
ment with the decision despite lin-
gering reservations, including the
occurrence of a new refusenik
case.
Both groups said that a year-
old Russian government panel,
the Lavrov Commission, is show-
ing itself to be a dependable in-
strument for hearing appeals on
existing refusenik cases.
"We wanted to try to be able to
support the program that Mr.
Yeltsin has made, yet we need to
make it very clear that he still has
a way to go in order to be in full
compliance," said Pamela Cohen,
president of the Union of Coun-
cils.
But one longtime activist ex-
pressed dismay upon learning of
the National Conference state-
ment.
"Even though the number of re-
fuseniks is very low compared to
years ago, the battle is not over,
and we should not abandon our
soldiers in the field." said Glenn
Richter, national coordinator of
JACKSON-VANIK page 54

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