beginning of the exile, Emperor
Vespasian still called the con-
quered province Judea and mint-
ed coins bearing the inscription
"Judea capta", "captive Judea".
The decision to replace Judea
by Palestina was a political one.
After the Jewish revolt, led by
Bar Kochba in 135 BCE, Emper-
or Hadrian decided to rid himself
once and for all of this trouble-
some people. He first tried to wipe
Jerusalem off the face of the
earth. True, the city was de-
stroyed and, according to records
of the time, ploughed over and
given a new Roman name, Aelia
Capitolina. But nothing could
obliterate the extraordinary spir-
itual power of Jerusalem. The
age-old oath, "If I forget thee, Oh
Jerusalem ..." kept the name of
the beloved city in the hearts and
on the lips of the exiles.
When the Roman
empire converted to
Christianity,
Jerusalem regained
its name.
The second measure was more
successful: the defeated province
was no longer to be called Judea,
but Palestina. In fact, three
provinces would bear that name:
Palestina prima, second and ter-
tia. The first included the whole
of Samaria, Judea, and part of
Trans-Jordan; its capital was the
coastal city of Caesaria. Aelia -
former Jerusalem—was just an-
other city in that province. The
second included, the Jezreel Val-
ley, the Galilee and Golan; its
capital was Beit Shean. The third
included Edom and the rest of
Trans-Jordan, the Negev and the
Sinai desert; its capital was the
Nabatean city Petra.
Slowly the new name took
over. It was the official name; the
Roman name. The newly con-
verted Christians in Rome used
it. The church used it. Bishop
Eusebius of Caesarea wrote in
the fourth century, "Judea, which
is now called Palestina"...
When the Roman empire con-
verted to Christianity in the
fourth century, Jerusalem re-
gained its name, but the country
did not. In the seventh century,
the forces of Islam swept through
Byzantine Palestine. They
changed the name of Jerusalem
to "Al Kuds", the Holy, but not
that of the country.
Until 1948, Palestine re-
mained the accepted and un-
challenged name of the biblical
Holy Land. Even when the
British conquered it from the
Turks in the aftermath of World
War I, the League of Nations give
his Majesty's government a man-
date to rule "Palestine".
❑
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For more information:
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