righteousness. The Torah,
which already had provisions
governing the relationship be-
tween borrower and lender, in-
cluded one for the shemitah
year: to forgive debts. This ties
in with the idea of the concept
of shemitah, or release. The
commandment instructs Jews
to forgive debts.
But people stopped making
loans during the shemitah year.
Eventually, Hillel devised a doc-
ument, the prozbul. "The idea
of the prozbul is that the re-
striction of claiming money only
applies to an individual, not a
community," explained Rabbi
Heinemann. "So Hillel insti-
tuted that someone can give his
debts to the community through
the Beit Din, and they act as
agents.
"So the individual acts as an
agent on behalf of the Beit Din.
The Beit Din doesn't care about
keeping the money," he said.
Rabbi Heinemann expects to
issue approximately 10,000
prozbuls by the end of the Sab-
bath Year.

Work Around Shemitah
The agricultural life of Israel
won't grind to a halt just be-
cause the land is to be left fal
low. And many Israeli farms
will continue to grow produce
that would be technically
kosher.
"In every Jewish communi-
ty, various steps are being
taken to work out the shemitah
problem," said Rabbi Heine-
mann.
"One step is to sell the land
of Eretz Yisrael to a non-Jew.
But the Orthodox community
is upset [because it feels] the
land of Israel should be in the
hands of Jews," he continued.
Because shemitah only applies
to land inside Israel and owned
by Jews, produce grown on a
farm "owned" by an Arab would
not be regulated. "What they do
is go to various farmers, like
they sell chametz [leavened
bread forbidden during Pass-
over], and sell the land. The sale
is under the authority of the
Chief Rabbi of Israel."
Other companies do what
they can ahead of time. "One
company extracts oils from cit-
rus fruits. They prepare enough
material from the year before
to cover them," said Rabbi
Rosen.
Plants grown through hy-
droponics, as done on a handful
of kibbutzim, is also okay, Rab-
bi Rosen mentions, as they do
not grow in the soil, but in a so-
lution of water and nutrients.
What about items like the es-
srogim used during Sukkot?
"Last shemitah, we had no
problems getting essrogim,"
said Miriam Krohn, owner of
Peru's Hebrew Book and Gift
Shop. "You can get them from
Italy or Morocco." El

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