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58

FRIDAY, AUGUST 7, 1992

Tisha B'Av Liturgy:
Calamity, Disaster

LISA SAMIN

Special to The Jewish News

hroughout history, ca-
lamity and disaster
have befallen the
Jewish people on Tisha B'Av,
including the destruction of
the First and Second Temple.
The most grotesque tragedy
of them all, the murder of 6
million Jews in the Holo-
caust, is now finding a place
in the Tisha B'Av liturgy of
Israel's Orthodox, Conser-
vative and Reform move-
ments.
Since there is no formal
consensus on how to com-
memorate this, and other,
modern-day events in a
religious context, each move-
ment has sought an ap-
propriate official addition to
the moving kinot, or poems of
lamentation, written mostly
in the Middle Ages, and read
on Tisha B'Av.
"The Chief Rabbinate of
Israel, the authoritative body
on state religious issues, has
made no formal decision on
memorialization of the
Holocaust," says Aryeh
Goldberg, secretary of the
Religious Council. However,
he says, a few years ago a
Holocaust survivor of Polish
descent approached the Rab-
binate and requested that
kinot be added to the prayer
book for Tisha B'Av. Israel's
Chief Rabbis decided to
publish Holocaust kinot
separately and distribute
them to synagogues
throughout the country.
"In no way is reading these
kinot obligatory in the tradi-
tional observance," says Mr.
Goldberg. "Each Rabbi can
decide what to do in his ser-
vice according to the makeup
of his congregation."
Likewise, Israel's Conser-
vative movement has left
commemoration to local

creative discretion," says Dr.
Pesach Schindler, director of
the Center for Conservative
Judaism in Israel. "At the
Center we read a special
eulogy in memory of the
Holocaust, written some 15
years ago in the style of Tisha
B'Av piutim — liturgical
poetry.
"Since Israel has an official
Holocaust Day for the whole
country to commemorate this
unfathomable tragedy," Mr.
Schindler adds, "its
significance on Tisha B'Av is
more emotional than funda-
mental."
Says Orthodox Rabbi David
Rosen, director of Interfaith
Relations for the Anti-Defa-

It will take longer
than Israel's 44
years to reach a
consensus on
where this fits into
our religious
consciousness.

mation League in Jerusalem,
"It will take longer than
Israel's 44 years to reach a
consensus on where this fits
into our religious con-
sciousness. It's still too early
to tell."
Conversely, the Movement
for Progressive Judaism
(Reform) in Israel fully in-
tegrated the Holocaust into
its Tisha B'Av liturgy 10
years ago. Identical prayers
on both Tisha B'Av and
Holocaust Memorial Day
start with a list of tragedies
which befell the Jewish peo-
ple on Tisha B'Av throughout
the ages: the destruction of
the First Temple in 586
B.C.E.; the destruction of the
Second Temple in 70 C.E.; the
expulsion of the Jews of
England, France, Spain and