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(800) 456-1701 3000 Town Center, Suite 1500, Southfield, MI 48075 (313) 444-4848 Philadelphia Continued from Page 60 vania, religious toleration was of prime importance, and Jews were attracted here for that reason. They began settling in the city in the 1730s and by the time of the Revolution, they numbered about 200. "Jews were very much ac- cepted and worked side by side with non-Jews," says Ms. Cohen. "There was very little anti-Semitism in the early days. The Jews who lived here were very much integrated into the life of the city." We walk southwest a few blocks, and soon we're on Fifth Street near Market. At 55 North Fifth is the Na- tional Museum of American Jewish History, the only museum in the U.S. devoted exclusively to American Jewish history. Directly ad- joining it is Mikveh Israel sanctuary, the fourth home of this historic congregation. The synagogue was opened in 1976 in honor of the nation's bicentennial and is now home to the city's only Sephardic congregation. Several of the ritual objects in the sanctuary date back to colonial times, and Ms. Cohen encourages us to visit it later on our own. Meanwhile, our walking tour continues, as we cross the street and head for the Liberty Bell Pavilion in In- dependence Mall, where we join the tourists who are waiting to see one of the na- tion's most treasured land- marks. As a National Park guide briefly explains its history, children get close and peer at the crack, and cameras click as tourists — many of them foreign — take photos of the nation's most famous bell. Our group has a special in- terest in the bell. Ms. Cohen explains that it was shipping magnate Nathan Levy and his partner, David Frank, who owned the Myrtilla, the ship which carried the Liber- ty Bell to America in August 1752. Our next stop, Carpenter's Hall, was built in 1770 as a meeting hall for the Carpenters' Guild Society. The first Continental Con- gress also met here, and it was a place where many ideas were explored especially in pre-Revolutionary times. Colonial Jews played a part in the activity. When mer- chants gathered here in 1774 to discuss and then pass the non-importation resolutions against British goods, Mathias Bush, president of Mikveh Israel, was the first to sign. Other Jewish signers were Barnard and Michael Gratz and Moses Mordecai. Walking two blocks west, we approach Independence Hall, one of the nation's most historic sites. Here the delegates met to draft the Declaration of Independence, when Philadelphia was the capital of the colonies; in 1776, a special kosher table was set up for Jewish delegates. Next we walk west to 418 Spruce to see Society Hill Synagogue. Like other sites in the Society Hill area, it has a history. Originally it had been the Spruce Street Baptist Church, designed in 1829 by Thomas Hugh Walker, the same architect who designed the U.S. Capitol in Washing- ton, D.C. Then, in 1911, it became a synagogue for a Romanian congregation, and there are still Yiddish letters above the door which, translated, read The harmony between Jews and non-Jews in the 1700s is one theme that is emphasized during our tour. the Great Romanian Synagogue. Still later, in 1967, it became the Society Hill Synagogue, home to the pre- sent Conservative congrega- tion. "It's been in continuous use as a religious building for over 150 years," says Ms. Cohen. At 831 Spruce, site of Penn- sylvania Hospital — first in the nation — we see Mikveh Israel Cemetery. Even though it's not open to visitors, we can look through the gate and see the weathered, leaning tombstones. We also can see the memorial to Haym Salomon, the financier who helped maintain the credit of the Revolutionary government and is one of the notable Mikveh Israel members buried here. Others include Rebecca Gratz, who founded one of the nation's earliest Sunday schools and worked tirelessly on behalf of the poor and Aaron Levy, a fur trader who founded the town of Aarons- burg in western Pennsyl- vania. Also buried here are 21 Jewish soldiers who fought in the Revolutionary War. So this modest burial ground, which led to the foun- ding of Mikveh Israel, is another reminder that in this city so rich in history, co- lonial Jews were an impor- tant presence. ❑