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110 FRIDAY, DECEMBER 13, 1991
Deadly Deals
In Nuclear Material
A secret UN report sheds more light on
Iraq's illicit nuclear weapons program.
HELEN DAVIS
Foreign Correspondent
U
nited Nations
weapons inspectors
have informed the
Security Council that Iraq
obtained enriched uranium
from an unidentified nuclear
power, the first known case
of black market trading in
weapons-grade nuclear ma-
terial.
The report does not name
the country involved, but
weapons experts believe the
source was China and that
the uranium was either sold
directly to Iraq or trans-
ferred via a third country,
possibly Pakistan.
The revelations are con-
tained in a secret report by a
team of UN inspectors who
visited, Baghdad last month
to follow up information that
was discovered in documents
seized at Iraq's nuclear
research headquarters in
Baghdad the previous mon-
th.
The latest report provides
the most comprehensive pic-
ture so far of Iraq's illicit
nuclear weapons program —
code-named "Petrochemical-
3" — showing it to be soph-
isticated, well- funded and
employing thousands of peo-
ple.
According to the report,
numerous installations were
involved in Iraq's nuclear
weapons research, but four
facilities, all situated south
of Baghdad, were of par-
ticularly significance:
• Al Furat was a plant for
the large-scale production of
centrifuges, a technology
needed to enrich uranium
for weapons.
• Al-Qaqaa was a research
and development site for ex-
plosives that were suitable
for detonating a nuclear
bomb.
• Al-Athier was the
"weaponization" plant that
has been identified as the
prime development and
testing site.
• Al-Tuwaitha was a
research center into nuclear
weapons and uranium
enrichment.
Al-Furat was the site of
Iraq's most sophisticated
uranium enrichment pro-
gram and was still under de-
velopment at the time of the
Gulf War. When fully opera-
tional, the UN inspectors
estimate it could have pro-
duced 2,000 centrifuges a
year.
In their report on Al-
Furat, they say they de-
tected "substantial help
from outside Iraq . . . The
centrifuge enrichment pro-
gram was definitely not an
indigenous development
effort."
The centrifuges found in
Iraq are said to bear a strik-
ing resemblance to those
produced ostensibly for
peaceful purposes and sold to
Pakistan by a jointly owned
British-German-Dutch com-
pany, and a senior weapons
expert says a clear
technological link can now
be discerned between the
nuclear programs in
Pakistan and Iraq.
It was at the vast Al-
Tuwaitha complex, however,
that the UN team found
evidence that Iraq not only
Iraq will retain the
technological
know-how to
rebuild its weapons
programs.
received foreign assistance
with enrichment technology,
but actual weapons-grade
material.
More than 20 teams of UN
investigators have been des-
patched to Iraq by the UN
Special Commission since
the Security Council resolv-
ed to find and destroy Iraq's
weapons of mass destruc-
tion.
At various sites, the UN
inspectors found Iraq had
stockpiled almost 50,000
chemical munitions, in-
cluding bombs, mortars and
artillery shells, which con-
tained mustard gas and
nerve agents.
All were available during
the Gulf War, but inex-
plicably they were never
used during the Scud missile
bombardment of Israel.
The inspectors also found
30 chemically tipped
ballistic missile warheads,
14 of which were of the
binary variety, and they col-
lected evidence that Iraq
was working on an advanced
military biological program
involving micro-organisms
of botulism and anthrax.
While much of the equip-
ment for constructing
weapons of mass destruction