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'Hidden' Anti-Semitism
In Hungary Charged

ELIZABETH APPLEBAUM

Assistant Editor

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t first, it might seem
as though no one in
Hungary has
anything bad to say about
Jews.
Open any book, go to any
speech, attend any meeting
of the most radically anti-
Semitic Hungarian groups.
No one will be speaking
about the Jews.
But listen carefully, said
Gyorgy Csepeli, chairman of
the department of social psy-
chology at the University of
Budapest and president-
elect of the Hungarian
Sociological Association.
The hatred is there.
Hatred comes in the form
of disparaging remarks
about "communists" and
"liberals," both of whom are
understood to mean "Jews,"
said Mr. Csepeli, who spoke
last week on "Hidden Struc-
tures of Anti-Semite
Thought in Contemporary
Hungary" at Wayne State
University.
Anti-Semites discuss
"fathers and torturing
chambers" and their secret
organizations like the KGB,
Mr. Csepeli said. Their sons
may appear to be different,
but in anti-Semitic
phraseology "all belong to
the same side of the con-
spiracy."
Mr. Csepeli described
Hungarian anti-Semitism as
"hidden but manifest." It ex-
ists in three forms, he said:
Ethnocentric anti-
Semitism is based on
misperception. Religious an-
ti-Semitism is the result of
Christianity, which sees
Jews as the enemy. Political
anti-Semitism purports that
Jews are the cause of social
ills.
One reason anti-Semitism
remains hidden is that
Hungarians have yet to deal
with the Holocaust, Mr.
Csepeli said. Hungarians
are "unable to look for the
real cause of the series of
events that led to the death"
of more than 600,000
Hungarian Jews. Though
middle-class anti-Semitism
is "culturally expected," few
are ready to address it in the
face of the Nazi slaughter of
so many Jews.
Consequently, any overtly
anti-Semitic groups — those
that would denounce Jews
rather than "communists"
— are rarely successful in
Hungary, he said. "No one

Gyorgy Csepeli: "No one wants to
be identified as an anti-Semite.

wants to be identified as an
anti-Semite."
Instead of speaking direct-
ly against Jews, Hungarians
opt for euphemisms like
"communists" or
"cosmopolitans." They will
say, "I love Jews; I'm just
speaking against this cer-
tain kind of urban mentali-
ty," Mr. Csepeli explained.
A number of Hungarians
divide Jews into "good
Jews" and "bad Jews."
Their negative remarks,
they insist, are directed only
against the "bad Jews."
These "bad Jews" are those
who do not see distinctions
between themselves and
other citizens, Mr. Csepeli
said.
Anti-Semites demand of
"bad Jews": "Define
yourself as a Jew. Don't pre-
tend to be Hungarian," he
said. "Bad Jews" are seen as
"working against the so-
called interest and spirit of
the Hungarian people."
They are regarded "unable
to identify with true
Hungarian values,"
although, Mr. Csepeli said,
"no one is able to identify
`true Hungarian values.' "
Jews also are often con-
sidered over achievers and
overly competitive, he said.
Only one other group —
Gypsies — experience the
same kind of prejudice in
Hungary, though
Hungarians' stereotype
against Gypsies is that they
are lazy.
Mr. Csepeli was guest
speaker for WSU's College of
Urban, Labor and
Metropolitan Affairs and the
WSU Cohn-Haddow Center
for Judaic Studies. ❑

