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Yet this activism has ge- nerated another observa- tion: Some say that Jewish students have rallied around issues of survival —the Holocaust, Israel — while ignoring the essence of Jew- ish life — Jewish learning, raising a Jewish family and the rise of assimilation. "People don't see them- selves as Jewish until they're attacked," said Lisa Bean, a U-M senior. Ms. Bean, an English major, said strong opposition to the ad in the Michigan Daily was admirable, but it also illustrated a point about Jewish students: They iden- tify with Judaism only in negative situations. "They're allowing (anti- Semitism) to form their Jew- ish identity," said Ms. Bean, who co-edits Prospect, a Jew- ish campus quarterly. Joseph Cohane, director of U-M's Hillel, disagreed. "Just because people aren't leading Jewish lives — on the surface —there is a much more subtle reality go- ing on inside," he said. Jewish activism against anti-Semitism is not necessarily devoid of spiri- tuality, he added. "We can't make too narrow a definition of spirituality." That philosophy has guid- ed U-M's Hillel towards pro- gramming that is deliberate- ly pluralistic. Besides offering three, and sometimes four, prayer groups, Hillel sponsors a film series, several student- run publications and a non- credit educational program. The programming has, in fact, created a problem for Hillel. It is facing a $200,000 shortfall in its $600,000 budget. Executive director Michael Brooks said the wide selec- tion of activities, whether political, cultural or educa- tional, encourages different kinds of contact with Judaism and Jewish culture. "The people who we're see- ing active in our Hillel are not the kind of people who you'd see come through the doors of most other Hillels," he said. Notwithstanding the success of Hillel and the ral- ly, critics still charge that social action is replacing spirituality on the campus. "We have created a certain impoverished kind of Jewish life that does not respond to the riches of the Jewish tra- dition," said Rabbi Daniel Polish of Temple Beth El in Bloomfield Township. "We can weep for the Holocaust but can't sing the songs of Jewish joy," he said. One of the indicators of Jewish student interest in Jewish culture, as opposed to brute survival, is the classroom. There are 450 enrollments in the Univer- sity of Michigan Judaic Studies program's class offerings right now. But, a class on the Holocaust at- tracts three times as many students than do classes on Hebrew literature or medieval Jewish history. Next semester's Holocaust class will be limited to 300 students. What's worse, Rabbi Polish added, a Judaism organized around self- defense is often reflective of a problem within the larger Jewish community. The students are imitating their parents, a process, he said, which does not benefit either. At other Michigan cam- puses, the pattern is similar. Michigan State's Hillel di- rector, Mark Finkelstein, says he tries to bring students into the fold by whatever means possible. If the lure is social action, said Mr. Finkelstein, so be it. But, he admits, social action can sometimes be a "short- term fix" for spiritual con- tent. "We try to broaden their interests," said Mr. Finkels- tein. Brad Keywell, a first year U-M law student and a U-M Hillel board member, said the reaction to the Daily ad was troubling in other ways. Some Jewish students disputed the First Amend- ment defense of printing the ad. Others virulently ques- tioned the ad's content. Still others used the ad to bash the Daily, which tradi- tionally has maintained a left-to-liberal editorial policy. Very few students understood that the ad ques- tioned the Jewish commun- ity's right to memory, he said. But, Mr. Keywell said, the incident proved that students recognize anti- Semitism and are capable of defending themselves. Besides, reaction to anything anti-Semitic may be part of human nature, he said. "Why does war bind the nation? What does it say about human nature? When there's not as much a threat, there's not the same out- pouring of support," he said. 0 .1 4 4